Ƙarfin Al'ada: Darussa, Lissafi da Darussa

Gabatarwa:

A fagen ilimin kimiyyar lissafi, ƙarfin al'ada yana taka muhimmiyar rawa, ma'anar da lissafin abin da ke da mahimmanci don fahimtar halayen abubuwan da ke hulɗa da saman. Don fahimtar wannan girman da kyau, yana da mahimmanci a fahimci ka'idoji da ka'idoji waɗanda ke tafiyar da lissafinsa da tasirinsa a cikin tsarin jiki. A cikin wannan farar takarda, za mu bincika dalla-dalla irin ƙarfin al'ada, tsarinta da yanayin yanayi daban-daban inda aka yi amfani da ita, da kuma darussan aiki don ƙarfafa fahimtarta da aikace-aikacenta. Kasance tare da mu a cikin wannan binciken fasaha na ƙarfin al'ada: ƙididdiga, lissafi da motsa jiki!

1. Gabatarwa ga ƙarfin al'ada da mahimmancinsa a cikin ilimin lissafi

Ƙarfin al'ada shine ainihin ra'ayi a cikin ilimin lissafi wanda ake amfani da shi don bayyana hulɗar na wani abu tare da farfajiya. An ayyana shi da ƙarfin da saman ke yi akan abu don magance nauyinsa ko duk wani ƙarfi na waje da ke aiki da shi ta hanyar da ta dace da saman. Ƙarfin al'ada yana da mahimmancin mahimmanci wajen magance matsalolin jiki tun lokacin da ya ba mu damar fahimtar yadda abubuwa ke hulɗa tare da yanayin su da kuma yadda suke daidaitawa a saman.

Don fahimtar ma'anar karfi na al'ada, yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa yana aiki ne kawai lokacin da abu yake hulɗa da wani wuri. Ƙarfin na yau da kullun yana aiki ne zuwa wani al'amari mai ma'ana daidai da fuskar lamba kuma girmansa daidai yake amma akasin ƙarfin da abin ke yi a saman (misali nauyinsa). Wannan yana nufin cewa idan abu yana hutawa a saman kwance, ƙarfin al'ada zai kasance daidai amma akasin nauyinsa.

Lokacin magance matsalolin jiki, wajibi ne a yi la'akari da dalilai da yawa don ƙayyade ƙarfin al'ada a cikin halin da ake ciki. Baya ga nauyin abu, dole ne a yi la'akari da wasu ƙarfi kamar gogayya, haɓakawa ko karkatar da ƙasa. Ƙididdigar madaidaicin ƙarfin al'ada na iya zama mai rikitarwa a wasu yanayi, amma akwai takamaiman kayan aiki da hanyoyin da ke sauƙaƙe tsarin. Lokacin warware matsalolin, yana da kyau a yi amfani da zane-zane na jiki kyauta kuma a yi amfani da dokokin motsi, kamar dokar Newton ta biyu, don ƙayyade daidai ƙarfin al'ada a kowane hali.

2. Bayanin ma'auni na asali don ƙididdige ƙarfin al'ada

Don ƙididdige ƙarfin al'ada akan jiki a hutawa a kan shimfidar kwance, dole ne mu yi la'akari da wasu ƙididdiga na asali. Wadannan ƙididdiga za su ba mu damar sanin girman da kuma jagorancin ƙarfin al'ada, wanda yake daidai da gefen goyon baya.

Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da aka fi amfani da su don wannan lissafin shine kamar haka:

• Nauyin Jiki: Don ƙididdige ƙarfin al'ada, wajibi ne a san nauyin jiki. Nauyin, wanda aka saba wakilta ta harafin W, ana samun shi ta hanyar ninka yawan jiki ta hanyar haɓaka saboda nauyi (g = 9.8 m/s).²). Tsarin lissafin nauyi shine: W = m * g.
• Ƙarfin al'ada: Ƙarfin al'ada (N) daidai yake da girma da kuma akasin shugabanci zuwa nauyin jiki. Saboda haka, ana ƙididdige ƙarfin al'ada kamar haka: N = -W. Tun da ƙarfin al'ada da nauyi daidai yake da girma, koyaushe zai kasance tabbatacce idan jiki yana hutawa a kan shimfidar kwance.

Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa waɗannan ƙididdiga suna aiki ne kawai ga jikin da ke hutawa a kan shimfidar kwance kuma a cikin rashin ƙarfi na waje. A yayin da akwai wasu dakarun da ke aiki a jiki, dole ne a yi la'akari da su a cikin ƙididdige sakamakon da aka samu kuma, sabili da haka, a cikin ƙaddarar ƙarfin al'ada. Bugu da ƙari kuma, yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa ƙarfin al'ada ba ya dogara ne akan fuskar lamba ba, amma kawai akan ƙarfin nauyi da ke aiki a jiki.

3. Lissafi na ƙarfin al'ada a cikin yanayi daban-daban na jiki

4. Misalai masu amfani na aikace-aikace na tsarin karfi na al'ada

5. Dangantaka tsakanin karfi na al'ada da sauran karfi a cikin tsarin jiki

1. Ƙarfin al'ada shine muhimmin sashi don magance matsalolin da suka shafi ma'auni na jiki a cikin tsarin jiki. Wannan ƙarfin yana tsaye zuwa saman lamba kuma yana adawa da nauyin abu. Don fahimtar ƙarfin, yana da mahimmanci don sanin ainihin ra'ayi na ƙarfin al'ada da kuma yadda yake hulɗa da wasu dakarun a yanayi daban-daban.
2. A kan shimfiɗaɗɗen shimfidar wuri, kamar tebur, ƙarfin al'ada yana aiki a kishiyar hanya zuwa nauyin abu. Idan abu ba ya cikin motsi, ƙarfin al'ada yana da ƙimar daidai da nauyin kuma duka biyu suna soke juna. Duk da haka, idan abu yana motsawa a saman, ƙarfin da aka saba da shi zai zama ƙasa da nauyin nauyi, tun da akwai karfin juzu'i wanda ke adawa da motsinsa. A wannan yanayin, ƙarfin al'ada yana daidai da jimlar vector na nauyi da ƙarfin gogayya.
3. A kan filaye masu niyya, ƙarfin al'ada ba koyaushe yana aiki a kishiyar shugabanci zuwa nauyi ba. Ya dogara da kusurwar karkata daga saman. A wannan yanayin, ƙarfin na yau da kullun yana raguwa zuwa sassa biyu: ɗaya daidai gwargwado zuwa saman da kuma wani daidai da shi. Matsakaicin madaidaicin daidai yake da nauyin abu, yayin da sashin layi daya yana adawa da karfin juzu'i da zamewar abu. Sanin alakar da ke tsakanin karfi na al'ada da waɗannan sauran dakarun a kan wani wuri mai mahimmanci yana da mahimmanci don nazarin ma'auni da motsi na abubuwa a cikin irin wannan tsarin jiki.

6. Aikace-aikacen karfi na al'ada a cikin matsalolin ma'auni

Don magance matsaloli ma'auni wanda ya ƙunshi aikace-aikacen karfi na al'ada, yana da mahimmanci a bi takamaiman matakan matakai. Da farko, dole ne mu gano da kuma zana zanen jiki na kyauta, inda za mu wakilci duk dakarun da ke aiki akan abin da ake tambaya. Wannan zai ba mu damar ganin a sarari duk sojojin da ke wurin da kuma alkiblarsu.

Da zarar mun gano rundunonin, dole ne mu ɓata su cikin sassan layi ɗaya da layi ɗaya da jirgin sama. Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa ƙarfin al'ada koyaushe yana aiki daidai da jirgin lamba. Ƙarfi na al'ada shine halayen da saman ke yi akan wani abu a hutawa ko motsi. Don lalata ƙarfi, zamu iya amfani da mahimman ayyukan trigonometric kamar sine da cosine.

Za mu iya amfani da dokokin ma'auni, kamar jimlar ƙarfi da jimillar lokuta, don sanin rashin sanin matsalar. Idan duk dakarun suna cikin ma'auni, jimlar duk dakarun dole ne su yi daidai da sifili. Wannan zai samar mana da bayanan da suka wajaba don magance matsalar da nemo mafita. mataki-mataki. Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa a cikin wannan tsari, dole ne mu yi la'akari da karfi na waje da na ciki da ke ciki. a cikin tsarin.

7. Ƙididdigar ƙarfin al'ada akan filaye masu karkata

Don ƙididdige ƙarfin al'ada akan filaye masu karkata, dole ne mu fara fahimtar menene ƙarfin al'ada. Ƙarfin al'ada shine ƙarfin da ke aiki a kai tsaye zuwa saman da ke hulɗa da wani abu. A kan shimfidar kwance, ƙarfin al'ada daidai yake da nauyin abu. Duk da haka, a kan wani wuri mai ma'ana, ƙarfin al'ada yana canzawa saboda kasancewar ƙarin ƙarfin: al'ada na al'ada na nauyi.

Ana ƙididdige abubuwan al'ada na nauyi ta amfani da dabara: P_n = P ko, inda P shine nauyin abu kuma θ shine kusurwar karkata na saman. Da zarar muna da nau'i na al'ada na nauyin nauyi, ana ƙididdige ƙarfin al'ada ta hanyar ƙara nau'in nau'i na al'ada da duk wani ƙarfin da ke cikin tsarin.

Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa ko abu yana hutawa ko a cikin ma'auni, ƙarfin al'ada dole ne ya zama daidai kuma ya saba da jimlar ƙarfin waje da aka yi amfani da shi a kan abu. Don ƙididdige ƙarfin al'ada akan filaye masu karkata, ana iya amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban, kamar nazarin ƙarfi, amfani da dokokin Newton ko warware tsarin daidaitawa. A kowane hali, dole ne a yi la'akari da karfi na waje da na ciki da ke aiki akan abu don samun daidaitaccen ƙimar ƙarfin al'ada.

8. Ayyuka na asali don ƙididdige ƙarfin al'ada

Don ƙididdige ƙarfin al'ada akan abu, yana da mahimmanci a fahimci tushen ilimin kimiyyar lissafi. Ƙarfi na al'ada shine wanda ke aiki a kai tsaye zuwa fuskar hulɗa tsakanin abubuwa biyu. A ƙasa akwai wasu motsa jiki na asali waɗanda zasu taimaka muku fahimtar yadda ake ƙididdige ƙarfin al'ada.

1. Aikin motsa jiki na hutawa akan shimfidar kwance: Yi la'akari da wani abu da ke kwance akan lebur, a kwance. A wannan yanayin, ƙarfin al'ada yana daidai da nauyin abu, tun da babu ƙarin ƙarfin da ke aiki akan shi. Don ƙididdige shi, kawai ninka yawan abun ta hanyar haɓakar nauyi.

2. Motsa jiki a hutawa a kan wani wuri mai ni'ima: a wannan yanayin, ƙarfin al'ada ba daidai yake da nauyin abu ba, tun da akwai wani sashi na ƙarfin nauyi a cikin hanyar da ta dace da saman da aka karkata. Don ƙididdige shi, da farko ƙayyadaddun ɓangaren ƙarfin nauyi a tsaye zuwa saman da aka karkata, ta amfani da dabarar ƙarfin nauyi. Sannan, yi amfani da wannan ɓangaren don ƙididdige ƙarfin al'ada.

9. Matsalolin ƙarfi na al'ada a cikin warware tsarin daidaitawa

Lokacin warware tsarin daidaitawa da suka haɗa da matsalolin ƙarfi na al'ada, yana da mahimmanci a bi tsarin mataki-mataki don samun ingantaccen sakamako. A ƙasa akwai ingantacciyar hanya don magance irin wannan matsalar:

Mataki 1: Gano rundunonin al'ada da ke cikin tsarin. Ƙarfi na al'ada shine ƙarfin da wani sama ya yi a kan wani abu a madaidaiciya. Don gano waɗannan dakarun, wajibi ne a yi la'akari da hulɗar tsakanin abubuwa da saman da ke hulɗa.

Mataki 2: Sanya tsarin daidaitawa. Wannan zai sauƙaƙa warware tsarin daidaitawa. Ana ba da shawarar zaɓin saiti wanda kayan aikin ƙarfin yayi daidai da x da y axes. Wannan zai sauƙaƙa ƙididdiga masu zuwa.

10. Ƙarfi na al'ada da ma'anar nauyi a cikin ilimin lissafi

Ƙarfi na al'ada shine tushen mahimmanci a cikin ilimin lissafi wanda ake amfani da shi don kwatanta ƙarfin da saman ke yi akan wani abu da yake hulɗa da shi. Wannan ƙarfin yana daidaitawa zuwa saman kuma yana yin aiki a gaban gaba da ƙarfin nauyi da ke aiki akan abu. Don haka, muna iya cewa ƙarfin al'ada shine ƙarfin da saman ke tura abu zuwa sama don magance nauyi.

Don ƙarin fahimtar wannan ra'ayi, yana da mahimmanci a san manufar nauyi a cikin ilimin lissafi. Nauyin abu shine ƙarfin da nauyi ke aiki dashi. Ana ƙididdige shi ta hanyar ninka nauyin abu ta hanyar hanzari saboda nauyi. A duniya, hanzari saboda nauyi shine kusan 9.8 m/s^2. Don haka, ana iya ƙididdige nauyin abu ta amfani da dabara mai zuwa: Weight = mass x acceleration saboda nauyi.

Yanzu, don ƙididdige ƙarfin al'ada, dole ne mu yi la'akari da hakan Ƙarfin al'ada koyaushe yana tsaye zuwa saman kuma yana aiki a cikin akasin shugabanci zuwa ƙarfin gravitational. Don haka, idan wani abu yana hutawa akan shimfidar lebur, a kwance, ƙarfin al'ada zai kasance daidai da girma da kuma akasin alkiblar ƙarfin nauyi. Duk da haka, idan abin ya kasance a kan jirgin sama mai karkata, ƙarfin da aka saba da shi yana raguwa zuwa sassa biyu: daya daidai da jirgin kuma daya daidai da jirgin. A wannan yanayin, wajibi ne a yi amfani da trigonometry don ƙididdige girman kowane ɓangaren ƙarfin al'ada.

11. Lissafi na al'ada karfi a cikin hanzari yanayi

Don ƙididdige ƙarfin al'ada a cikin yanayin haɓakawa, yana da mahimmanci don fahimtar ma'anar ƙarfin al'ada da dangantakarsa da haɓakawa. Ƙarfin al'ada shine ƙarfin da ƙasa ke yi akan wani abu da ke hutawa ko kuma yana motsawa a cikin wata hanya madaidaiciya zuwa saman da aka faɗi. A cikin yanayin haɓakawa, ƙarfin al'ada na iya bambanta saboda kasancewar ƙarin ƙarfi.

Mataki na farko na ƙididdige ƙarfin al'ada a cikin yanayin hanzari shine gano duk dakarun da ke aiki akan abu. Waɗannan na iya haɗawa da nauyi, ƙarfin juzu'i da duk wani ƙarfin waje. Bayan haka, ya zama dole a tantance saurin abu ta hanyar amfani da doka ta biyu ta Newton, wacce ta bayyana cewa jimillar duk dakarun da aka yi amfani da su a kan abu daidai yake da abin da aka samu na yawansa da saurinsa.

Da zarar an ƙayyade hanzari, za mu iya amfani da dabarar F = ma, inda F shine ƙarfin da aka yi amfani da shi akan abu kuma m shine yawansa. A wannan yanayin, ƙarfin net ɗin ya ƙunshi jimillar duk dakarun da ke aiki akan abin. A ƙarshe, sanin ƙarfin net ɗin, zamu iya ƙididdige ƙarfin al'ada ta amfani da dabarar N = mg - F, inda N shine ƙarfin al'ada, m shine adadin abu, g shine haɓakawa saboda nauyi, kuma F shine net ɗin. karfi .

12. Advanced al'ada ƙarfin motsa jiki a tsauri tsarin

A cikin wannan sashe, za mu gabatar da jerin ci-gaba na motsa jiki don ƙarfafa ƙarfin al'ada a cikin tsarin aiki mai ƙarfi. An tsara waɗannan darussan don ƙalubalantar iyawar ku ta jiki da haɓaka juriyar ku a cikin yanayi mai ƙarfi da canzawa. Tabbatar ku bi umarnin a hankali kuma ku ɗauki matakan tsaro cikin lissafi kafin yin kowane motsa jiki.

1. Ƙarfin ƙarfi na al'ada tare da ƙungiyar juriya: Don wannan motsa jiki, za ku buƙaci ƙungiyar juriya tare da matakan juriya daban-daban. Fara ta hanyar riƙe band ɗin zuwa wuri mai tsayi sannan kuma sanya kowane ƙarshen band ɗin a hannunka. Tsaya hannuwanku a matakin ƙirji kuma ku ɗan lanƙwasa gwiwar hannu. Sannan, yi motsin tsawo na hannu don motsa jiki na yau da kullun. Maimaita wannan darasi sau 10 zuwa 15 a kowane saiti.

2. Ƙarfin ƙarfi na al'ada tare da kettlebells: Kettlebells suna da kyau don yin aiki na al'ada a cikin tsarin aiki. Fara da riƙe kettlebell da hannaye biyu, a tsayin ƙirji. Tare da gwiwar hannu kaɗan, motsa kettlebell sama da ƙasa a cikin motsi mai sarrafawa. Tabbatar kiyaye matsayi da kwanciyar hankali yayin motsa jiki. Yi maimaita 10 zuwa 15 a kowane saiti.

3. Ƙarfin ƙarfi na al'ada akan sanduna masu kama da juna: Yin amfani da sanduna masu kama da juna a cikin aikin motsa jiki na yau da kullun na iya zama da fa'ida sosai don ƙarfafa ƙarfin al'ada a cikin tsarin aiki mai ƙarfi. Tsakanin sanduna masu kama da juna kuma ka riƙe su da ƙarfi riko. Sa'an nan, ɗaga ƙafafunku daga ƙasa kuma ku ajiye jikin ku a kwance. Yayin da kuke samun ƙarfi, gwada ƙarin hadaddun motsi, kamar ɗaga kafa ko murɗawar jiki. Yi wannan motsa jiki na tsawon daƙiƙa 30 a Minti 1 a kowane jerin.

Ka tuna cewa waɗannan darussan jagora ne kawai, kuma yana da mahimmanci don daidaita su zuwa matakin lafiyar ku kuma ku nemi kulawar kwararru idan kuna da wasu raunuka ko matsalolin lafiya. Bi waɗannan darussan ƙarfafa na yau da kullun a cikin tsarukan tsauri kuma za ku yi mamakin sakamakon a cikin jimirinku na zahiri!

13. Ƙarfi na al'ada da dangantakarsa da ka'idar aiki da amsawa

La yanayin normal Girman jiki ne wanda ke da alaƙa kai tsaye da dokar aiki da dauki. Wannan doka ta tabbatar da cewa kowane aiki yana da daidaici kuma akasin haka. Idan aka yi la’akari da karfi na al’ada, shi ne karfin da saman ke yi kan wani abu da yake mu’amala da shi. Wannan karfi ko da yaushe yana aiki daidai da saman kuma yana da girman daidai amma a kishiyar karfin da abin ke yi a saman.

Don lissafin yanayin normal, dole ne a bi wasu matakai. Da farko, dole ne a zana zane mai kyauta wanda ke nuna duk ƙarfin da ke aiki akan abin. Bayan haka, an gano saman da ke hulɗa da abu kuma an zana kibiya don nuna alkiblar ƙarfin al'ada. Bayan haka, dole ne a ƙara duk ƙarfin da ke aiki a kan abu kuma a saita shi daidai da sifili, tun da abu yana cikin ma'auni a tsaye. Wannan zai ba mu damar gano ƙimar ƙarfin al'ada.

Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa ƙarfin al'ada ba koyaushe yake daidai da ƙarfin nauyi da ke aiki akan abu ba. A cikin yanayin da abin ya kasance a kan wani wuri mai karkata, ƙarfin da aka saba zai iya zama ƙasa da ƙarfin nauyi, saboda ɓangaren da ke tsaye na ƙarfin da aka saba da shi. A gefe guda, idan abu yana kan jirgin sama yana karkata zuwa sama, ƙarfin da aka saba zai iya zama mafi girma fiye da ƙarfin nauyi.

14. Ƙarshe akan mahimmancin ƙididdige ƙarfin al'ada a cikin ilimin lissafi

A ƙarshe, lissafin ƙarfin al'ada shine ainihin ra'ayi a cikin ilimin lissafi wanda ke ba mu damar fahimta da kuma nazarin yanayi daban-daban da ake amfani da karfi. Ƙarfi na al'ada, wanda kuma aka sani da karfi na perpendicular, ana bayyana shi a matsayin ƙarfin da wani sama ya yi a kan wani abu da yake hulɗa da shi. Lissafinsa yana da mahimmanci don tantance girman wasu ƙarfi, kamar juzu'i ko ƙarfin nauyi.

Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa ƙarfin al'ada koyaushe yana aiki daidai da saman, a cikin kishiyar ƙarfin da abin ke yi akansa. Don ƙididdige wannan ƙarfin, ya zama dole a yi la'akari da kusurwar da ke cikin saman da kuma amfani da dokokin motsi da trigonometry.

Don ƙididdige ƙarfin al'ada, ana iya amfani da kayan aiki da hanyoyi daban-daban, dangane da mahallin da takamaiman yanayi. Misali, a cikin yanayin da saman ke kwance, ƙarfin al'ada zai kasance daidai da nauyin abu. Duk da haka, lokacin da saman ya karkata, wajibi ne a yi la'akari da kusurwar sha'awa don samun madaidaicin ƙimar ƙarfin al'ada. Za a iya amfani da zane-zane na jiki kyauta da ma'auni kamar Pythagorean theorem da ayyukan trigonometric don magance waɗannan lokuta.

A taƙaice, labarin "Ƙarfin Al'ada: Ƙididdiga, Lissafi da Ayyuka" ya gabatar da cikakken bayani game da mahimman abubuwan da ake amfani da su na al'ada a fagen ilimin kimiyyar lissafi. Ta hanyar dabaru da misalai masu amfani, an binciko lissafin wannan karfi da kuma nazarin abubuwa daban-daban da ke tattare da azamarsa.

An yi la'akari da ma'anar ƙarfin al'ada a matsayin ma'auni mai mahimmanci na ƙarfin da ƙasa ke yi a kan wani abu da yake hulɗa da shi, kuma an bayyana yadda wannan ƙarfin ya bambanta dangane da karkatar da saman da sauran abubuwan da suka dace.

Bugu da ƙari, an ba da cikakken bayanin dabarun da ake buƙata don ƙididdige ƙarfin al'ada a cikin yanayi daban-daban kamar lebur, gangara, da abubuwa a cikin ma'auni. An tsara waɗannan ƙididdiga ta hanyar misalan ƙididdiga waɗanda ke sauƙaƙe fahimta da aikace-aikacen ka'idodin ka'idoji.

Hakazalika, an gabatar da jerin darussa masu amfani waɗanda ke ba mai karatu damar yin amfani da ilimin da aka samu a aikace. Waɗannan darussan suna rufe daban-daban matakan wahala da kuma mayar da hankali kan yanayi na rayuwa ta gaske, wanda ke ba da dama don ƙarfafa fahimta da ƙwarewar lissafin da ke da alaka da karfi na al'ada.

A ƙarshe, labarin "Ƙarfin Al'ada: Formulas, Lissafi da Motsa jiki" ya ba wa masu karatu cikakken hangen nesa game da wannan muhimmin batu a ilimin kimiyyar lissafi. Ka'idodin ka'idoji, dabaru da atisayen da aka gabatar suna ba ku damar fahimta da amfani yadda ya kamata karfi na al'ada a cikin yanayi da yawa.