Babban SFC da DISM suna ba da umarnin cewa babu wanda ke amfani da shi wanda zai iya ajiye fashewar Windows

Shin PC ɗin ku na Windows yana farawa a hankali a hankali, kuna samun shuɗi, ko kuna fuskantar kurakurai masu ban mamaki yayin sabuntawa? A'a, ba mummunan sa'a ba ne. Wataƙila, akwai wani abu ba daidai ba. ɓatattun fayilolin tsarin, ɓangarori marasa kyau akan faifai, ko ɓarna a cikin hoton WindowsKafin tsarawa, yana da daraja gwada ci gaba na SFC da umarnin DISM.

Daga cikin waɗannan kayan aikin, umarnin console guda biyu sun fito fili: SFC y DISMAna gudanar da su daga layin umarni (CMD, PowerShell, ko Terminal) tare da gatan gudanarwa, ba su da kyakkyawar mu'amala, amma suna da ƙarfi sosai. Da su zaka iya Tabbatar da gyara fayilolin tsarin, gyara hoton Windows, da gano kurakurai na zahiri da na hankali akan faifai. ba tare da sake shigar da tsarin aiki ba.

Menene CFS da DISM kuma menene ake amfani dasu?

Windows ya ƙunshi ginannun kayan aiki da yawa waɗanda aka yi niyya da farko don masu gudanarwa, amma wanda kowane mai amfani zai iya cin gajiyarsa idan ya san abin da kowannensu yake yi. Mafi mahimmanci guda uku a cikin wannan mahallin sune:

• SFC (System File Checker), wanda ke aiki akan kariyar fayilolin tsarin.
• DISM (Deployment Image Servicing and Management), akan cikakken hoton Windows.

Sanin lokacin amfani da ɗaya ko ɗaya shine mabuɗin don guje wa ɓata lokaci kuma, sama da duka, don hana tsara tsarin da ba dole ba. Gudanar da ci-gaban umarni na SFC da DISM daidai zai iya ceton ku daga yanayi masu wahala da yawa.

Menene SFC (Mai duba Fayil na Tsari)?

El comando SFC Mai duba fayilolin tsarin ne wanda ke nazarin duk fayilolin Windows masu kariya kuma yana kwatanta su da a Kwafin da aka adana wanda aka sani da Kariyar Fayil na Windows (WFP)Idan ta gano cewa fayil ɗin ya canza, bai cika, ko ya ɓace ba, yana ƙoƙarin maye gurbinsa da daidaitaccen sigar da aka adana a cikin wannan cache, wanda ke cikin hanyar da aka karewa % WinDir%/System32/dllcache.

Tunanin yana da sauki: Idan kowane fayil mai mahimmanci ya lalace, SFC yana ja daga kwafin mai tsabta kuma ya dawo da shi.Wannan yana da amfani musamman lokacin da kuka fara samun saƙonnin "ba a samo fayil ɗin ba" lokacin buɗe kayan aikin Windows na asali, kamar lokacin da Fayil Explorer ya daskare ko ayyukan tsarin da ke dakatar da amsa ba zato ba tsammani ko ƙananan kurakurai na kwanciyar hankali.

Bayan an gama binciken SFC/scannow, Windows na iya nuna saƙonni daban-daban waɗanda ke nuna matsayin amincin tsarin. Wasu daga cikin mafi yawan su ne: "Kariyar Albarkatun Windows ba ta sami wani keta mutuncin gaskiya ba," "ta sami gurbatattun fayiloli kuma ta yi nasarar gyara su" ko kuma saƙonnin da ke nuna cewa ba a iya kammala aikin ba ko kuma an kasa gyara wasu fayiloli. A cikin waɗannan lokuta biyu na ƙarshe, DISM ya shigo cikin wasa.

Menene DISM (Tsarin Sabis na Hoto da Gudanarwa)?

DISM Yana da cikakkiyar kayan aikin kulawa fiye da SFC. Maimakon mayar da hankali kan fayiloli masu kariya kawai, yana sarrafa ... Bita da gyara cikakken hoton WindowsWato, kantin sayar da kayan aiki da duk fakitin da ke cikin tsarin. Yana aiki da kwafin tunani mai tsabta na Windows, wanda zai iya zama na gida ko kan layi (Windows Update, rabon hanyar sadarwa, DVD/ISO, da sauransu).

DISM yana amfani da zaɓuɓɓukan maɓalli da yawa don bincika da gyara lalacewar hoto: /CheckHealth, /ScanHealth da /MaidaHealthAna gudanar da waɗannan zaɓuɓɓukan a cikin wannan tsari lokacin da muke zargin cin hanci da rashawa a cikin kantin sayar da kayan aiki (CBS) ko lokacin da SFC ta ba da rahoton cewa ba za ta iya gyara wasu fayiloli ba saboda nasa cache ya lalace.

Yana da amfani musamman idan sun bayyana Kurakurai Sabunta Windows, Lambobin kuskure CBS_E_STORE_CORRUPTION, matsalolin farawa, hadarurruka akai-akai, gazawar shigar fasali ko faci ko kuma lokacin da kayan aiki suka nuna baƙon abu ba tare da wani takamaiman dalili ba. A waɗancan lokuta, DISM tana gyara kantin kayan da SFC ke buƙatar yin aiki daidai.

Manyan umarnin SFC: sigogi da amfani masu amfani

Amfani na yau da kullun na CFS shine sanannen sfc /scannowKoyaya, kayan aikin yana ba da sigogin ci-gaba da yawa waɗanda ke ba ku damar daidaita nau'in rajistan kuma amfani da shi koda lokacin da Windows ba ta fara al'ada ba. Ana iya duba duk masu gyara ta hanyar gudanar da umarni a cikin na'ura wasan bidiyo. sfc?.

Waɗannan sigogi suna ba da izini, misali, Tabbatar ba tare da gyarawa ba, bincika takamaiman fayiloli, ko aiki tare da shigarwar layi.Haɗuwa da su da kyau yana da amfani a cikin wuraren da kuke buƙatar bincikar injunan da ba za su fara ba ko lokacin aiki daga kafofin watsa labarai na farfadowa.

Babban sigogi na CFS:

• /scannowWannan umarnin yana nazarin duk fayilolin Windows masu kariya kuma yana gyara duk abin da ya gano a matsayin gurɓatacce, ta amfani da kwafin cache. Madaidaicin umarni ne ga yawancin masu amfani.
• /tabbatar kawaiWannan umarnin yana yin bincike iri ɗaya kamar '/ scannow' amma ba tare da canza komai ba; yana ba da rahoton duk wata matsala mai yuwuwa. Mai amfani idan kuna so duba matsayi kafin a shiga tsakani.
• /scanfile: yana ba ku damar tantance takamaiman fayil tare da cikakken hanyarsa don SFC ta iya duba shi kuma ta gyara shi idan ya lalace.
• /tabbatar da fayil: kama da /scanfile, amma kawai yana bincika takamaiman fayil ɗin, ba tare da ƙoƙarin gyara shi ba.
• /offbootdir: yana ayyana kundin tsarin boot na shigarwar Windows da ke layi (misali, wani bangare ko faifai da aka saka akan wata kwamfuta).
• /offwindir: yana nuna hanyar zuwa babban fayil ɗin Windows na shigarwar layi.
• /offlogfile: yana ba ku damar saita fayil ɗin log daban kuma Zaɓi ba da damar shiga lokacin amfani da SFC a yanayin layi.

Ana iya haɗa duk waɗannan gyare-gyare akan layi ɗaya don ƙirƙirar takamaiman umarni, kamar nazarin shigarwar da aka cire wanda ke kan wata motar tare da rajistan ayyukan al'ada. Duk da haka, a cikin amfanin yau da kullum. sfc / scannow yawanci ya fi isa don warware yawancin ƙananan matsalolin kwanciyar hankali.

Sakamako na yau da kullun lokacin gudanar da SFC

A ƙarshe, SFC tana dawo da saƙon matsayi wanda yakamata a fassara shi daidai. saƙonnin matsayi. Mafi mahimmanci sune:

• "Kariyar Albarkatun Windows ba ta sami wani keta mutunci ba"Komai yana cikin tsari; Wataƙila matsalolin ku ba saboda fayilolin tsarin ba ne.
• "Kariyar Albarkatun Windows ta sami gurbatattun fayiloli kuma ta yi nasarar gyara su."An gano ɓatattun fayiloli kuma an maye gurbinsu ba tare da matsala ba. Ba a buƙatar ƙarin aiki, kodayake kuna iya duba log ɗin a % WinDir%LogsCBSCBS.log.
• "Kariyar Albarkatun Windows ta gano gurbatattun fayiloli kuma ya kasa gyara wasu daga cikinsu."A nan ne abubuwa suka yi tsanani. Yana nufin ma'ajin da SFC (WFP) ke amfani da shi na iya lalacewa. A wannan gaba, shawarar aikin shine Gudun DISM don gyara hoton Windows sannan sake kunna SFC.
• "Kariyar Albarkatun Windows ta kasa aiwatar da aikin da aka nema"An kasa kammala binciken. Yawancin lokaci ana warware wannan ta hanyar yin booting zuwa Safe Mode ko amfani da SFC daga kafofin watsa labarai na dawowa.

Yaushe yana da ma'ana don amfani da CFS?

Yana da kyau a yi amfani da SFC (Chronic Fatigue Syndrome) lokacin da kuka fara lura gazawa a cikin ainihin ayyukan Windows, shirye-shiryen tsarin da ke daina aiki, ɓacewar saƙonnin fayil, ko ƙananan halaye marasa kuskureIdan tsarin har yanzu yana yin takalma na yau da kullun amma yana nuna alamun da ba a saba gani ba, SFC mataki ne mai sauri kuma mara lahani. Bugu da ƙari, ga lokuta na shirye-shiryen da ke farawa ta atomatik, yana da kyau Yi amfani da Autoruns don cire shirye-shiryen da ke farawa ta atomatik cuando sea necesario.

Hakanan kayan aiki ne mai amfani sosai bayan tsaftacewa da kamuwa da cuta na malware: ƙwayoyin cuta da yawa Suna canza tsarin DLLs ko maye gurbin maɓalli masu aiwatarwaKuma SFC na iya ganowa da juyar da waɗannan canje-canje ta maye gurbin su da tsattsauran nau'ikan.

DISM: Manyan umarni don gyara hoton Windows

Lokacin da SFC bai isa ba, DISM yana shiga cikin wasa. Wannan kayan aiki yana aiki kai tsaye akan hoton tsarin aiki da kantin kayan aikin CBS, wanda shine inda ake adana fakiti, bayyananni, da metadata waɗanda Windows ke amfani da su don shigar da sabuntawa da fasali.

A cikin Windows 8, 8.1, 10 da 11, DISM shine kayan aikin tunani don warware matsalar cin hanci da rashawa na cikin gidamusamman idan akwai kurakuran Sabuntawar Windows, gazawar sabuntawa ta tarawa, ko saƙonnin CBS.log waɗanda ke ambaton ɓarnata bayyanannu, ɓacewar fakitin MUM/CAT, ko tsararrun bayanan da ba daidai ba.

Maɓallai zaɓuɓɓukan DISM don gyarawa:

• /CheckHealthYana yin bincike mai sauri sosai, yana tabbatar da ko an yi rikodin lalacewa a baya. Ba ya gyara komai; yana nuni ne kawai idan an gano lalatar hoto.
• /ScanHealthYana yin zurfin bincike mai zurfi game da hoton Windows na yanzu ta hanyar kwatanta shi da sanannen sigar tsafta, kuma yana rubuta kurakurai masu yiwuwa, amma Ba ya gyara suYana ɗaukar mintuna da yawa, ya danganta da yanayin tsarin.
• /Dawo da Lafiya: shine zaɓi mafi ƙarfi, tunda yayi nazari da gyara hotonYana nemo fayilolin da suka lalace kuma ya maye gurbinsu da siga masu kyau daga Sabuntawar Windows ko daga hanyar tushen da aka kayyade tare da /Source.

Odar da aka ba da shawarar ita ce: farko /CheckHealth, sannan /ScanHealth, kuma a ƙarshe /RestoreHealth, koyaushe yana jiran kowane aiki ya ƙare kafin ƙaddamar da na gaba. Tsallake wannan tsari ko katse hanyoyin na iya barin tsarin a cikin wani yanayi mafi muni.

DISM da Sabunta Windows: lambobin kuskure gama gari

Matsaloli da yawa tare da Sabuntawar Windows suna da alaƙa da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin kantin kayan aikin. A cikin waɗannan lokuta, lambobin kuskure kamar waɗannan sau da yawa suna bayyana: 0x80070002 (ba a samo fayil ɗin ba), 0x800f0831 (CBS_E_STORE_CORRUPTION), 0x800F081F (ba a samo tushe ba), 0x80073712 (lalacewar abun ciki) da sauran irin su.

Lokacin da Windows Update ya kasa shigar da wasu sabuntawa kuma yana ba da waɗannan kurakurai, Microsoft ya bada shawarar Yi amfani da DISM tare da /Dawo da Lafiya Don dawo da fayilolin CBS da WinSxS da suka lalace, ainihin umarnin zai zama:

DISM.exe /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth

Idan Windows Update kuma ba ya aiki ko kuma ba ku da damar intanet, zaku iya saka a madadin asali daga abin da za a maido da lafiyayyun fayiloli, misali rabon hanyar sadarwa ko Windows DVD/ISO:

DISM.exe /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth /Source:C:\RepairSource\Windows /LimitAccess

A wannan yanayin, babban fayil ɗin da aka nuna a ciki /Madogararsa Dole ne ya ƙunshi fayilolin shigarwa ko masu kai da ake buƙata don gyara hoton. Mai gyarawa / LimitAccess Yana gaya wa DISM kar ta yi amfani da Sabuntawar Windows kuma ta tsaya kan wannan hanyar.

Babban jagora: Gyara lalacewar CBS ta nazarin CBS.log

Don matsaloli masu tsanani, DISM yana samar da cikakkun bayanai a ciki % WinDir%LogsCBSCBS.log da CBS.persist.logWannan log galibi yana ƙunshe da shigarwar kamar "Ciɓin Ƙirar Kuɗi na CSI", "CBS MUM Bace" ko "CSI Mai Ba da Lamuni", yana nuna takamaiman fayiloli ko fakitin da suka lalace.

Ci gaban aikin waɗannan lamuran zai kasance kamar haka: na farko, Suna gano gurbatattun fayiloli ko fakiti a cikin CBS.logSa'an nan, an ƙayyade ko wane sabuntawa (KB) suke ta hanyar duba lambar ginin (UBR) da aka haɗa a cikin hanyar kayan aiki, ana neman waɗannan sabuntawa a cikin Microsoft Update Catalog, zazzagewa, ana fitar da fayilolin .msu da .cab, kuma ana kwafi fayiloli masu lafiya zuwa babban fayil kamar C: \ temp\Source.

Bayan haka, DISM ana sake gudanar da shi, yana ƙayyadadden babban fayil ɗin azaman tushen:

DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth /Source:C:\temp\Source /LimitAccess

Sannan yana da kyau a maimaita. DISM / Kan layi / Hoton Tsaftacewa /Lafiya ta Duba don tabbatar da cewa babu wani cin hanci da rashawa da ya rage da kuma sake duba CBS.log. Irin wannan hanya ta ci gaba sosai, amma ita ce tallafin Microsoft ke amfani da shi don warware ɓarnar CBS mai zurfi lokacin da tsarin ya ƙi sabuntawa.

DISM a cikin nau'ikan Windows daban-daban

A cikin Windows 8, 8.1, 10, da 11, DISM yana zuwa haɗe tare da duk fasalulluka na zamani, gami da gyaran layi akan Windows Update. Duk da haka, Babu DISM tare da waɗannan iyawar a cikin Windows 7.Madadin haka, Microsoft yana ba da Kayan Aikin Shiryewar Sabunta Tsari (SURT), wanda ke yin irin wannan aiki yayin gyara fayilolin tsarin da suka lalace lokacin da SFC ta gaza.

Hanyar da aka ba da shawarar a cikin wannan sigar ita ce fara farawa. SFCKuma idan hakan bai magance matsalolin ba, zazzagewa kuma kunna SURT daga Microsoft Update Catalog, wanda zai maye gurbin lalacewa ko rashin daidaituwa.

Bambance-bambancen aiki tsakanin CFS da DISM

Kodayake ana aiwatar da umarnin biyu daga na'urar wasan bidiyo, daban-daban matakin na tsarin Kuma yana da kyau kada a ruɗe su a hankali. Fahimtar aikin su da kyau yana hana ɓata lokaci ta amfani da kayan aikin da ba za su magance takamaiman matsalar ba.

Za mu iya taƙaita ayyukansu kamar haka: SFC tana gyara fayilolin Windows masu kariya, yayin da DISM ke gyara hoton Windows da ma'ajiyar kayan aiki.Yin amfani da su a daidai tsari yana ba ku damar warware yawancin kurakurai ba tare da sake kunnawa ba.

• SFCMafi dacewa ga ƙananan kurakurai masu matsakaita masu alaƙa da fayilolin tsarin, ayyukan Windows waɗanda ke daina aiki, ɓacewar saƙonnin fayil, da matsaloli bayan cire malware.
• DISMAna amfani da wannan lokacin da SFC ke nuna cewa ba zai iya gyara komai ba ko lokacin da akwai kurakuran Sabunta Windows, cin hanci da rashawa na CBS, matsalolin shigar da fasali, ko gazawar taya. Yana aiki azaman "babban tiyata" akan hoton Windows.

Dabarun gama gari don manyan matsaloli a cikin Windows 10 da Windows 11 shine fara farawa DISM / Kan layi /Tsabtace-Hoto /Mayar da Lafiya, sannan a sfc /scannow kuma, idan akwai alamun gazawar diski, cika tare da chkdsk /F/R akan babban naúrar. Wannan haɗin gwiwar ya ƙunshi kusan dukkan nau'ikan cin hanci da rashawa.

Yaushe ya fi kyau a sake shigar da Windows maimakon ci gaba da gyarawa?

Kodayake SFC da DISM kayan aiki ne masu ƙarfi, ba sa yin abubuwan al'ajabi. Akwai yanayi inda, komai nawa kuka dage, matsalolin sun dawo ko kuma ba a warware su gaba ɗaya ba. A irin waɗannan lokuta, gwada ƙoƙarin gyara iri ɗaya kawai yana tsawaita abin da ba makawa, kuma abin da ya dace shine ... la'akari da cikakken sake shigarwa ko tsarin sake saiti.

Wasu yanayi inda ya dace a daina fada da farawa daga karce sune, misali, Ƙwararrun kwari waɗanda ke sake bayyana bayan kowane gyara, musamman zurfafan cututtukan malware, matsananciyar matsalolin aiki waɗanda ba sa ingantawa.sabuntawa masu mahimmanci waɗanda ba za a iya shigar da su ba ko manyan canje-canje na hardware kamar motherboard ko babban ajiya.

• Kurakurai masu dawowa bayan amfani da ci-gaba na SFC da umarnin DISM: Idan komai ya daidaita amma kurakurai iri ɗaya sun dawo bayan ƴan kwanaki, akwai yuwuwar ɓarna mai zurfi ko rikicin software da ke da wahalar ware. A cikin waɗannan lokuta, sake shigarwa mai tsabta yana adana lokaci.
• Babban tasiri malwareWasu barazanar sun mamaye kansu sosai a cikin tsarin wanda, ko da software na riga-kafi sun cire su, suna barin lalacewa mai ɗorewa ga ayyuka masu mahimmanci, direbobi, da abubuwan haɗin gwiwa. A waɗannan lokuta, kawai amfani da SFC ko DISM bazai isa ba.
• Matsanancin jinkiri da daskarewa akai-akaiIdan tsarin yana aiki akai-akai a iyakarsa, yana daskarewa akai-akai, kuma gyare-gyaren ba su inganta yanayin ba, matsalar na iya zama haɗuwa da batutuwan software, ragowar shirye-shirye, tsofaffin direbobi, da kuma yiwuwar matsalolin hardware. Wani lokaci sake shigarwa shine mafita mafi sauri.
• Muhimman sabuntawa waɗanda ba a taɓa shigar da su baLokacin da sabuntawar maɓalli na tarawa akai-akai ya gaza, ko da bayan amfani da ci-gaba na DISM da umarnin SFC, yana iya nuna rashin daidaiton murmurewa. Shigarwa daga ISO na baya-bayan nan shine mafi mahimmancin bayani.
• Manyan hardware canje-canjeBayan canza motherboard, CPU, ko canzawa zuwa sabon nau'in ajiya, sake shigar da Windows yana tabbatar da cewa duk direbobi da sabis sun dace da sabon yanayi.

Tambayoyi akai-akai game da ci-gaba na SFC da umarnin DISM

Kasancewar waɗannan umarni suna aiki kusa da tushen tsarin yana sa mutane da yawa su sami damuwa mai fahimta game da amincin su ko wanda ya kamata yayi amfani da su. Gaskiyar ita ce, tare da kulawa kaɗan, suna daidaitaccen sarrafawa ga kowane matsakaita mai amfani da ke bin cikakkun umarni.

Abu mai mahimmanci shine a gudanar da su tare da gata na mai gudanarwa, mutunta tsarin da aka ba da shawarar (musamman a cikin DISM), kuma, mafi mahimmanci, Kar a kashe kwamfutar ko rufe na'ura mai kwakwalwa yayin aiki..

• Idan umarnin ba su magance matsalar fa? A wannan yanayin, zaku iya amfani da masu warware matsalar da aka gina cikin Saituna, Mayar da Tsarin, ko, azaman makoma ta ƙarshe, sake shigarwa ko sake saiti na Windows yayin adana fayilolin keɓaɓɓen ku.
• Suna lafiya su gudu? Ee, muddin suna da gatan gudanarwa kuma ba a katse tsarin ba. Ana ba da shawarar samun bayanan baya-bayan nan.
• Har yaushe ake ɗauka? Ya dogara da girman faifai, adadin fayiloli, da matakin lalacewa. Yana iya ɗaukar ko'ina daga ƴan mintuna zuwa sa'o'i da yawa, musamman tare da DISM/Mayar da Lafiya.
• Za su iya share takarduna? Ba a tsara su don taɓa fayilolinku na sirri ba; manufar su ita ce gyara tsarin da faifai.

Kyakkyawan fahimtar ci gaba na SFC da umarnin DISM yana ba ku ƙwaƙƙwaran arsenal don Ganewa da gyara yawancin matsalolin Windows ba tare da tsarawa baTa hanyar haɗa waɗannan umarni, fassarar sakamakon su, da sanin lokacin da za a dakatar da sake shigarwa, za ku iya tsawaita tsawon lokacin shigarwar Windows ɗinku kuma ku ceci kanku da yawa matsala tare da bayananku da lokacinku.