DirectX 13 vs DirectX 12: Bambance-bambance, Ayyuka, da Makomar Gaskiya

Ko da yake a yau babban jigo a duniyar caca shine DirectX 12Mutane da yawa suna mamakin abin da zai faru tare da tsinkayar DirectX 13: ko zai zo nan da nan kuma idan yana da daraja jira don siyan GPU. A cikin wannan labarin, za mu bayyana da kwatanta. DirectX 13 vs DirectX 12 bisa ga abin da aka sani.

Akwai wata hujja guda daya da bai kamata a manta da ita ba: DirectX 12 ya kasance tun daga 2015, kuma babban tsallensa ya zo tare da Ultimate version, wanda ya kara mahimman fasahohi kamar binciken ray, shading mai canzawa, da ƙari. A halin yanzu, Microsoft bai ba da sanarwar sakin DirectX 13 a hukumance ba. Hasali ma, wasu masana ma suna shakkun cewa zai bayyana cikin kankanin lokaci.

Menene DirectX da yadda ake duba sigar ku

DirectX saitin API ne na Microsoft wanda aka tsara don ba da damar wasanni da aikace-aikacen multimedia don sadarwa da inganci tare da kayan aikin PC. A wasu kalmomi, yana aiki azaman gada tsakanin wasan, da GPU da direbobin CPUtabbatar da cewa kowa yana magana da harshe ɗaya kuma an daidaita shi yadda ya kamata.

Lokacin da muke magana game da DirectX, ba muna magana ne ga API guda ɗaya ba, amma ga yanayin muhalli wanda ya ƙunshi abubuwa da yawa. Wasu daga cikin sanannun sune: Direct3D (Hotunan 3D don wasanni da aikace-aikacen kimiyya), Direct2D (hanzari 2D graphics), Kai tsaye Rubuta (marar rubutu mai inganci), DirectX Math (algebra madaidaiciya don vectors da matrices) ko DirectML (haɗin koyon injin). Dukkansu sun samar da kunshin da ke tasowa tun zamanin Windows 95.

Bayan al'amuran, sadarwa yana biye da kwararar haske: aikace-aikacen ya dogara da Direct3D da DXGI (DirectX Graphics Infrastructure), yanayin mai amfani da kernel-mode, kuma a ƙarshe, ana samun damar kayan aikin. Ta wannan hanyar, wasan yana ba da babban aiki tare da ayyukan samun damar kayan aiki zuwa API don tabbatar da daidaiton aiki. A cikin amfanin yau da kullun, Wannan shine abin da ke ba da damar kusan komai Yana aiki ba tare da kun yi yaƙi da tsarin ba.

Akwai wasu APIs masu iya gudanar da wasanni akan PC, kamar OpenGL o VulkanWaɗannan hanyoyin da ake mutuntawa ne da ake amfani da su a ayyuka daban-daban. Duk da haka, DirectX ya kasance babban zaɓi akan Windows saboda haɗin tsarin sa, tallafin direba, da haɓakawa da Microsoft ya aiwatar cikin shekaru.

DirectX 12 Ultimate: Abubuwan da ke haifar da bambanci

Tsallakewa zuwa DirectX 12 Ultimate Ya kara da tsarin fasahar da suka ayyana yanayin zane-zane na 'yan shekarun nan. Shahararriyar ita ce DirectX Ray Tracing (DXR), wanda ke ba da damar gano ainihin ray akan katunan NVIDIA da AMD masu jituwa. Sigar DXR 1.1 tana haɓaka yadda ake sarrafa kira kuma yana haɓaka matakai na ciki da yawa, yana ƙarfafa wannan dabarar a cikin injunan wasa da wasanni na yanzu.

Baya ga DXR, DirectX 12 Ultimate yana haɗa abubuwa kamar VRS (Maɓallin Ƙimar Shading), wanda ke ba da damar bambanta ƙimar shading bisa ga mahimmancin gani na kowane yanki; Samfur feedback, da amfani don sarrafa laushi da hankali; da kuma raga shaderswanda ke buɗe sabbin dama a cikin yadda ake samar da geometries da sarrafa su akan GPUs.

Wasu bincike kuma sun ambaci Shading Adaftan Abun ciki (CAS) a matsayin dabara mai alaƙa don daidaita nauyin shading zuwa hangen nesa na wurin. Duk wannan fasahar arsenal yana haɗuwa akan ra'ayi ɗaya: don yin ƙarin tare da albarkatu iri ɗaya, haɓaka rufin hoto ko inganta haɓakar ruwa dangane da fifikon mai haɓakawa.

Zuwan waɗannan iyawar yana nuna dalilin da yasa DX12 ya wuce "sabon sigar" kawai: yana faɗaɗa kewayon dabarun da ake da su kuma yana jaddada ingantaccen sarrafa albarkatun. Ga mai kunnawa, tasirin gaske shine mafi hadaddun al'amuran ko mafi kyawun aiki, Koyaushe batun aiwatarwa ya kasance daidai gwargwado.

Ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo: kwanciyar hankali, FPS, da keɓanta

A aikace, yawancin ƴan wasa suna son ganin haɓakawa tare da DX12 idan aka kwatanta da DX11 a cikin taken zamani, musamman a cikin kwanciyar hankali na lokaci da kuma rage ƙananan stuttering. Wannan saboda DX12 yana sarrafa zaren da layin aiki mafi kyau., guje wa ɓangarorin aikin kwatsam waɗanda ke shafar jin daɗin ruwa.

Wannan ya ce, akwai lokuta inda nau'in DX11 na wasan ke ba da FPS mafi girma fiye da nau'in DX12, yawanci saboda rashin haɓakawa ko yadda takamaiman kayan aikin ke aiki tare da takamaiman take. Yana da sauƙi: idan ɗakin studio bai inganta yadda ya kamata ba ta hanyar DX12, fa'idar da ake tsammani na iya ɓacewa. A cikin waɗannan yanayi, gwada APIs biyu da zaɓar wanda ya fi dacewa yana da kyau. mafi kyawun sakamako na zahiri na ƙungiyar ku Zabi ne mai hankali.

Wasu wasanni, kamar Fortnite, suna ba ku damar canzawa tsakanin DX11 da DX12 a cikin saitunan su. Wannan ita ce cikakkiyar hanya don kwatanta aikin PC ɗin ku, saka idanu FPS, da gano duk wani hargitsi. Duk da haka, gabaɗaya, yana da ma'ana don zaɓar DX12. DX12 azaman zaɓi na tsoho, tunda ita ce hanya mafi dacewa a nan gaba kuma wacce ke ba da damar Ray Tracing da sauran fasahohin zamani.

Wani shawarwarin da ke aiki koyaushe: ci gaba da sabunta tsarin ku. Sabunta direbobi, amfani da facin wasa, da amfani da sigar Windows na baya-bayan nan yana rage rashin daidaituwa. Ka tuna cewa DirectX 12 yana buƙatar Windows 10 ko samaDon haka idan kuna zuwa daga tsarin da suka gabata, tsalle-tsalle zai ba ku damar ingantawa da dacewa na dogon lokaci.

Hakanan akwai lokutan da AMD GPUs da alama suna yin aiki mafi kyau tare da DX12 fiye da NVIDIA GPUs a wasu wasannin, waɗanda aka danganta da “ƙarfin ɗanyen” su da kuma yadda aka rarraba aikin. Waɗannan al'amuran suna canzawa tare da sabunta direbobi, amma suna nuna hakan DX12 yana fitar da tsoka na gaske na hardware lokacin da injin ya san yadda ake amfani da shi.

DirectX 13: halin yanzu da abin da za a yi tsammani

Babban tambaya: menene game da DirectX 13? Har zuwa yau, no hay anuncio oficial Daga Microsoft, DirectX 12 an sake shi a cikin 2015 kuma tun daga lokacin ya tattara bita-bita, musamman maƙarƙashiyar Layer tare da fasalulluka waɗanda suka sa ya zama mai sauƙin gaske. Har wala yau, DX12 ita ce sigar mafi dadewa a tarihin DirectX, ba tare da an tabbatar da magaji a gani ba.

Wasu manazarta sun nuna cewa "DX13" zai zama abin sha'awa, wanda ke dawo da wasu daga cikin abin da DX11 ya yi da kyau a cikin direbobinsa (sauƙaƙe mahimman bayanai), amma ba tare da sadaukar da ƙananan iko da 'yanci na DX12 ba. Tunanin zai kasance nemo a daidaita tsakanin sauƙi da ikorage rikitarwa inda ba ya ƙara ƙima da kiyaye ikon samun mafi kyawun kayan aikin.

Wata hanya mai ban sha'awa ita ce haɗawa, a daidaitacciyar hanya, ayyuka waɗanda a halin yanzu ke zaune a cikin takamaiman APIs na wasu samfuran, kamar ... NVIDIA Shader Execution da makamantansu. Sanya waɗancan damar su zama wani ɓangare na “mafi ƙarancin gama gari” na muhalli zai sauƙaƙa rayuwa ga masu haɓakawa da haɓaka ɗaukan abubuwan ci-gaba a cikin masana'antun.

Har ma an yi barkwanci cewa, saboda camfi, ana iya barin sunan "13" kuma za su iya kai tsaye zuwa "14". Bayan wargi, saƙon da ke ƙasa shine, idan sabon sigar ya zo, ɗaukarsa ba zai kasance nan take ba. Irin waɗannan manyan canje-canje suna buƙatar... dogon lokacin mika mulkiKuma zai ɗauki watanni (ko shekaru) don wasanni su yi amfani da sabbin fasalolin da gaske.

Akwai waɗanda, suna kallon kalanda, suna hasashen cewa sabon sigar na iya zuwa suna kwankwasa kofa "a cikin 2022" saboda ci gaban tarihi mai tsafta (DX10→2009→2015→…). Gaskiya taurin kai: daga yau. Babu bayyanannun alamun ƙaddamarwa.Shi ya sa mutane da yawa ke shakkar cewa yana da daraja jinkirta sayayya ko tsare-tsare yayin jiran DX13 da ba a ma sanar da shi ba.

Shin zan sayi GPU yanzu ko jira don ganin idan DX13 ya fito?

Wannan tambaya ce gama gari. Idan kuna neman katin zane kuma kuna damuwa game da fitowar DirectX 13 cikin dare, yana da kyau a raba tsammanin daga gaskiyar: Babu tabbaci na hukuma Microsoft bai fitar da kwanan wata da zai ba mu damar hango komai ba. A halin yanzu, ana haɓaka wasannin na yanzu tare da DX12 (da kuma bambance-bambancensa na ƙarshe) a cikin tunani, a cikin ingantaccen yanayin muhalli. Idan kuna tunanin siyan GPU ko kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka na caca, duba ... Abin da za ku nema idan kuna son siyan kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka mai girman gaske don jagorance ku a cikin shawarar ku.

A matsayinka na babban yatsan hannu, idan buƙatar haɓakawa ta gaske ce (da kyar kuke yin aiki ko kuma kuna son cin gajiyar fasahar kamar Ray Tracing), abin da ya kamata a yi shi ne siye dangane da ƙirar yanzu: a DX12 Ultimate mai jituwa GPU Yana ba ku damar yin amfani da sifofi da ayyukan da ɗakunan studio ke aiki a yanzu. Jiran hasashe DX13 ba tare da wani takamaiman labari na iya nufin ɓata lokaci ba.

Ka tuna kuma cewa duka Windows 10/11 da Xbox Series X|S sun dogara da wannan tushe na fasaha. Gaskiyar cewa consoles na Microsoft suna daidaitawa tare da yanayin yanayin DX12 yana ƙarfafa ra'ayin ci gaba da tallafi mai zurfi daga injunan zane. Idan sabon API ya zo, zai sami canji a hankaliKuma ba zai sa GPU ɗin ku ya daina aiki dare ɗaya ba.

A cikin yanayin da ba za a iya yiwuwa ba cewa an sanar da "DirectX 13" a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, zai zama watanni kafin mu ga sunayen kasuwanci waɗanda ke haɗa shi da ma'ana. Tsakanin SDKs, direbobi, facin inji, da gwaji, tsarin yana jinkirin. A hakika, DX12 ya ci gaba da girma tsawon shekaru ba tare da buƙatar canza lambobi ba, musamman ta hanyar Ultimate.

Mahallin tarihi da kuma dalilin da yasa ake yawan magana game da DX13

DirectX 11 ya isa a cikin 2009, yana maye gurbin DX10 tare da ingantaccen haɓakawa a lokacin (lokacin da aka saba samun cores 2 CPU). Ya sauka a 2015. DirectX 12 tare da canjin yanayin zuwa ga ƙananan matakan sarrafawa da kuma babban zaren multithreading, wanda ya fi dacewa da zamanin 4, 6, ko 8.

Tun daga wannan lokacin, mun ga haɓakar haɓakar haɓakawa da, sama da duka, Kunshin Ƙarshe, alhakin haɓakar fasahohi kamar binciken ray na zamani, VRS, da inuwa na raga. Akwai babban bita na ƙarshe a kusa da 2019, kuma tun daga lokacin API ɗin ya kasance ƙashin bayan ci gaban PC. Wannan ci gaba ya bayyana Me yasa DX12 ke da tsayi haka? ba tare da rasa dacewa ba.

Don haka daga ina ne kutuwar DX13 ta fito? Daga cirewa daga lokutan baya da tunanin cewa tsalle yana kusa. Amma hawan keke yana canzawa, kuma abubuwan da suka fi dacewa suna canzawa suma: a yanzu, masana'antar tana girbi amfanin DX12 da yanayin muhallinta, kuma babu tabbataccen alamun maye. Shi ya sa da yawa manazarta ke ba da shawarar adawa da hakan. jinkirta yanke shawara bisa zato.

Ra'ayin masana: daidaituwa da sauƙi

Daga cikin waɗanda suka yi mafarkin "madaidaicin DX13," wani tsari ya fito: don sake kama wasu abubuwan jin daɗi na matakin direba daga DX11 don rage rikice-rikice na ci gaba, yayin da suke riƙe da iko da sassauci na DX12. Zai zama API wanda ke daidaita ma'auni tsakanin 'yanci da sauƙisauƙaƙe rayuwa ga ƙananan ƙungiyoyi da rage kurakuran aiwatarwa waɗanda a halin yanzu ke azabtar da aikin.

Ana kuma buƙatar cewa fasalulluka a halin yanzu da suka dogara da hanyoyin mallakar mallaka ko takamaiman masu siyarwa a haɗa su, tare da manufar samar da manyan abubuwan da suka dace a matsayin ma'auni. Tsaya fasali kamar aiwatar da shader a ƙarƙashin laima na gama gari zai inganta daidaiton yanayin muhalli, ragewa rarrabuwa tsakanin GPUs.

Koyaya, sake fasalin wannan girman zai ɗauki lokaci. Tsalle daga inci 11 zuwa 12 ya riga ya canza a cikin tunani, kuma daidaita ta'aziyya da sarrafawa ba tare da sadaukar da aikin ba ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba. Kamar yadda abubuwa suka tsaya, ƙarshe a bayyane yake: DirectX 12 ya ci gaba da kasancewa mai da hankaliKuma duk abin da ke nuni ga wannan yana ci gaba muddin karɓar ayyukansa ya ci gaba da girma a cikin injuna da wasanni.

Idan babu sanarwar hukuma, kowane kwanan wata don DX13 (ko kowane sunan da ya ƙare yana da) hasashe ne kawai. Wasu annabta sakin windows kamar 2022 ko, daga baya, 2023/2024 "ko kuma daga baya," amma gaskiyar magana da kansu: Babu tabbacin jama'a wanda ke goyan bayan takamaiman lokacin ƙarshe.

Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi akai-akai

• Zan iya canzawa tsakanin DX11 da DX12? A wasu wasannin, i, daga menu na zane-zane. Idan kun lura da rashin zaman lafiya ko mafi muni a cikin DX12 a cikin takamaiman take, gwada DX11 kuma kwatanta tsarin lokaci da FPS.
• Ina bukatan Windows 10/11 don DX12? Ee. DirectX 12 yana samuwa akan Windows 10 da Windows 11. Idan kana amfani da tsofaffin tsarin, za a makale da DX11 ko a baya, tare da ƙananan siffofi da yuwuwar ƙarancin aiki.
• Shin akwai rayuwa bayan DirectX? Tabbas, OpenGL da, musamman, Vulkan suna da ƙarfi, madadin dandamali. Duk da haka, akan Windows, yawancin wasannin kasuwanci sun fi son DirectX saboda haɗin kai da goyan bayan sa.
• Shin DX12 GPU na zai zama mara amfani idan DX13 ya fito? Ba lokaci guda ba. Ko da an sanar da sabon sigar, wasanni suna ɗaukar lokaci don ɗauka. GPU da ke aiki da kyau a yau tare da DX12 da fasalinsa na zamani zai sami tsawon rayuwarsa na shekaru.

Duk wanda ke la'akari da siyan GPU zai iya hutawa cikin sauƙi: tare da yanayin yanayin yanzu, DirectX 12 da bambance-bambancensa na ƙarshe shine mayar da hankali ga ɗakunan studio da injunan wasa, suna ba da fasahohin yanke-tsaye da tabbatar da ikonsu na tura CPUs masu yawa da GPUs na zamani zuwa iyakokin su. Idan sabon sigar ya bayyana a nan gaba, matsalar DirectX 13 vs. DirectX 12 zai sake kasancewa kan tebur.

Labarin da ke da alaƙa:

Me yasa wasu wasannin suka yi karo ba tare da gargadi ba yayin amfani da DirectX 12

Daniel Terrasa

Edita ya ƙware a fannin fasaha da al'amuran intanet tare da gogewa fiye da shekaru goma a cikin kafofin watsa labaru na dijital daban-daban. Na yi aiki a matsayin edita da mahaliccin abun ciki don kasuwancin e-commerce, sadarwa, tallan kan layi da kamfanonin talla. Na kuma yi rubutu a shafukan yanar gizo na tattalin arziki, kudi da sauran fannoni. Aikina kuma shine sha'awata. Yanzu, ta hanyar labarai na a ciki Tecnobits, Ina ƙoƙarin bincika duk labarai da sababbin damar da duniyar fasahar ke ba mu kowace rana don inganta rayuwarmu.