Idan madannai naku baya aiki a VirtualBox: jagora ga dalilai da mafita

Lokacin da madannai ba zato ba tsammani ya daina ba da amsa a cikin injin kama-da-wane, jin yana ɗaya daga cikin jimlar kullewa: ba za ku iya shiga ba, linzamin kwamfuta ba ya aiki, kuma bayan ƙoƙarin ɗan lokaci, da alama VM ya daskare. Wannan yanayin ya fi kowa fiye da yadda ake gani a VirtualBoxmusamman tare da takamaiman haɗe-haɗe na kayan masarufi, mai masaukin baki da OS baƙo, da wasu saitunan maɓalli.

A cikin wannan labarin za ku sami cikakken bita na ainihin dalilai da gyare-gyare dangane da lamuran irin su Windows 10 mai masaukin baki tare da Oracle VirtualBox 6.1 da Kali Linux bako wanda yayi aiki mai kyau akan taya ta farko amma, bayan rufewa da sake farawa, Ko madanni ko linzamin kwamfuta ba su amsa ba, kuma nan da nan VM ya daskare.Za mu kuma kalli yanayin ciwon kai na yau da kullun tare da maɓallin Ctrl a cikin Debian da kuma abin mamaki na koma baya akan maɓallan maɓallan Jamusanci (AltGr +ß) a cikin Linux, da kuma matsala ta al'ada: Jihar Num Lock ba ta daidaita tsakanin mai masauki da baƙo. Bari mu koyi duka game da shi. Idan madannai naku baya aiki a VirtualBox, ga matakan gyara shi.

Da farko: fahimtar mahallin da alamun bayyanar

Akwai bayanan martaba da yawa da aka tattara a cikin ainihin lokuta: ɗayan su shine mai watsa shiri na Windows 10 da VirtualBox 6.1.22 r144080 tare da Kali Linux bako ba tare da Ƙarin Baƙi ko Ƙarfafa Mai watsa shiri baBayan shigo da VM kuma an fara shi, komai yayi kyau; amma bayan rufewar farko, bayan sake kunnawa, maballin baya bugawa, linzamin kwamfuta baya motsawa, kuma bayan wasu mintuna, injin kama-da-wane ya daskare.

A cikin wannan mahalli, an canza saitunan ƙwaƙwalwar RAM da na bidiyo, an tweaked zaɓin shigarwa, kuma an goge abubuwan tace USB kuma an ƙara, ba tare da nasara ba. An kunna AMD-V (idan kuna buƙatar jagora don ba da damar ingantaccen aiki akan PC na) kuma babu alamar Hyper-V. A cikin layi daya, akwai shakku tare da maɓallin Mai watsa shiri (wanda ke cikin VirtualBox wanda ke maye gurbin haɗuwa kamar Ctrl + Alt) da kuma yadda ake rubuta backslash \ a cikin Kali baƙo ta amfani da tsarin Jamusanci (mai amfani ya gwada Ctrl + Alt +ß, Mai watsa shiri + ß da kowane nau'in haɗuwa).

A wani gaba, masu amfani tare da baƙon Debian Squeeze da ke gudana akan rundunar Wheezy sun ba da rahoton hakan Maɓallin Ctrl baya aiki a cikin baƙon.Misali, a cikin nano, danna ^X zai nuna “x” mai sauƙi akan allon. Bambance-bambance kamar amfani da hagu ko dama Ctrl da canza Mai watsa shiri key zuwa maɓallin tambarin dama, tare da shimfidar madannai na tsoho a cikin Ingilishi (Amurka), an gwada su, amma kwaro ya ci gaba a wasu lokuta.

Bincika mahimman abubuwa: kama maɓalli, maɓallin masauki, da rikice-rikice

VirtualBox yana da zaɓi da ake kira "Maɓallin kamawa ta atomatik". Idan an kashe shi, madannai na iya kasancewa a kan mai watsa shiri kuma bugun jini ba ya kaiwa baqoJe zuwa Fayil> Zaɓuɓɓuka> Shigarwa kuma tabbatar da cewa an kunna kama ta atomatik. Hakanan, bincika idan iyakar taga VM ta nuna cewa an mayar da hankali a ciki.

Maɓallin Mai watsa shiri (ta tsohuwa, Dama Ctrl) maɓalli ne. Idan kun canza shi zuwa AltGr (Dama Alt) ko zuwa maɓalli da kuke buƙata a cikin baƙon (misali, don rubuta "\" a cikin Jamusanci tare da AltGr+ß), zaku sami matsala saboda VirtualBox yana fassara wannan maɓallin azaman maɓallin Mai watsa shiri. Guji daidaita AltGr azaman maɓalli mai masauki.Yi amfani da maɓallin tambarin dama na Ctrl ko dama, kuma tabbatar da cewa VirtualBox baya sace maɓallan haɗin da baƙo ke buƙata.

Wani duba da alama a bayyane amma yana taimakawa: gwada Hagu Ctrl da dama CtrlAkwai rubuce-rubucen lokuta inda ɗayan biyun ya amsa ɗayan kuma bai yi ba, saboda yadda tsarin tsarin baƙo ko yadda takamaiman aikace-aikacen (nano, X ko na'ura wasan bidiyo) ke karanta abubuwan da suka faru na keyboard.

Kulle Lamba ya ƙare aiki tare tsakanin mai gida da baƙo

Akwai dabi'ar tarihi a cikin VirtualBox ta yadda za a iya "juyawa" jihar Num Lock tsakanin mai masaukin baki da baƙo: lokacin da aka kunna shi akan mai watsa shiri, Yana bayyana azaman naƙasasshe a cikin VMkuma akasin haka. Wannan yana sa faifan maɓalli na lamba yayi kama da kibiyoyi a gefe ɗaya yayin aiki azaman lambobi a ɗayan.

Maganin shine a tilasta VirtualBox don dakatar da aiki tare da LEDs na madannai tare da baƙo. A kan Windows, buɗe umarni da sauri azaman mai gudanarwa, kewaya zuwa babban fayil ɗin shigarwa na VirtualBox (yawanci "C: \ Fayilolin Shirin \ Oracle \ VirtualBox") kuma gudanar da umarni mai zuwa, daidaita ainihin sunan VM ɗin ku:

VBoxManage setextradata "Nombre de la máquina virtual entrecomillado" GUI/HidLedsSync "0"

Lokacin da aka yi amfani da wannan, lokacin da aka kunna Num Lock akan kwamfutar mai masaukin ku, Hakanan zai kasance a cikin baƙoHanya ce mai sauri don guje wa sauyawa akai-akai tsakanin tsarin biyu. Idan kun yi amfani da numpad da yawa, zai cece ku da yawa matsala.

Maɓallin baya a cikin Linux tare da madannai na Jamusanci: AltGr, Ctrl da maɓallin Mai watsa shiri

A cikin rabe-rabe kamar Kali tare da rarraba Jamusanci, yawanci ana rubuta su da baya AltGr+ßA yawancin mahallin Linux, ana fassara Ctrl + Alt a matsayin daidai da AltGr, don haka yana aiki. Koyaya, idan kun sanya maɓallin mai watsa shiri zuwa AltGr a cikin VirtualBox, haɗin ba zai isa ga baƙon ba.

Don gyara wannan, duba cikin Fayil> Zaɓuɓɓuka> Shigar da abin da maɓallin Mai watsa shiri yake kuma zaɓi wanda bai yi karo da AltGr ba. Ƙimar tsoho (Ctrl dama) yawanci ita ce mafi hankali.Na gaba, a cikin tsarin aiki na baƙo, bincika shimfidar madannai: a cikin Kali, zaku iya canza shi daga mahaɗar hoto ko tare da setxkbmap. Misali:

setxkbmap de

Idan har yanzu ba za ku iya rubuta koma baya ba, gwada bambance-bambancen taswirar "Jamus (nodeadkeys)" a cikin zaɓuɓɓukan maɓalli na mahallin tebur ɗin ku. Gujewa matattun maɓallan yana taimakawa wajen sa AltGr ya zama kai tsayeKuma ku tuna: kar a yi amfani da haɗuwa tare da maɓallin Mai watsa shiri don bugawa; maɓallin Mai watsa shiri don gajerun hanyoyin VirtualBox ne, ba na baƙo ba.

Lokacin da Ctrl baya aiki a Debian ko nano yayi watsi da gajerun hanyoyi

Gaskiyar cewa a cikin nano, lokacin da ka danna ^X, "x" yana bayyana maimakon rufewa, yana nuna hakan Ba a gano Ctrl azaman mai gyarawaWannan na iya zama saboda taswirar madannai da ba daidai ba, Layer X wanda baya ɗaukar mai gyara, ko rikici tare da maɓallin Mai watsa shiri.

Shawarwari masu dacewa dangane da ainihin lokuta tare da baƙo na Debian Squeeze akan mai masaukin Wheezy: tabbatar da cewa taswirar baƙo daidai ne ("mu" idan madannai ɗin ku Amurka ce) tare da "sake saita keyboard-daidaita dpkg" ko "localectl" akan sababbin tsarin. Canza maɓallin Mai watsa shiri zuwa maɓalli banda Ctrl Babu AltGr, misali, ko maɓallin tambarin dama. Kuma gwada gajerun hanyoyin duka biyu a cikin na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa (TTY) da kuma cikin X don taƙaita matsalar.

Idan kawai ya gaza a cikin takamaiman tashoshi mai hoto, gwada wani (misali, maye gurbin tsohuwar tashar tare da xterm ko gnome-terminal) don ganin ko batun kama gajeriyar hanya ce. Wasu emulators suna satar haɗuwa kuma suna buƙatar kashe su a cikin abubuwan da suke so.

Saitunan VirtualBox waɗanda ke shafar madannai da linzamin kwamfuta

A cikin saitunan VM, ƙarƙashin System> Motherboard, duba na'urar mai nuni: "PS/2 Mouse", "USB Tablet" ko "USB Multi-Touch Tablet". Ga baƙi Linux da yawa, Kebul na kwamfutar hannu yana inganta haɗin kai.Idan ka ga linzamin kwamfuta ya daskare, kunna tsakanin waɗannan zaɓuɓɓuka kuma duba.

A cikin Tsari> Mai sarrafawa, guje wa ba da damar ƙarin hanzari fiye da larura idan kun sami faɗuwa bayan ƴan mintuna kaɗan. Ko da an kunna AMD-V, Ba kwa buƙatar taɓa nsting ko ci gaba paravirtualization. Don yin aikin madannai, mayar da hankali kan sashin shigarwa.

A kan USB, cire duk wani tacewa da ba ku amfani da shi. Abubuwan tacewa na USB da ba daidai ba na iya... Ɗauki madanni na zahiri ko linzamin kwamfuta a wajen mai masaukin bakiWannan yana barin ku ba tare da sarrafawa ba a cikin Windows yayin da VM ke ƙoƙarin "kama" shi. Idan kuna buƙatar USB 2.0/3.0 a cikin baƙo, shigar da Fakitin Extension wanda ya dace da ainihin nau'in VirtualBox ɗin ku, saboda idan ba tare da shi ba, tallafin USB na ci gaba ba zai yi aiki da kyau ba. Don duba tsarin VM, yi amfani da zaɓuɓɓukan da ke cikin mahallin VirtualBox.

Ƙarin Baƙi da Kunshin Ƙarfafawa: Yaushe suke yin bambanci?

Rashin shigar da Ƙarin Baƙi ko Ƙarfafa Mai watsa shiri (Packon Extension) baya hana ainihin madannai aiki, amma Haɗin kai yana haɓaka sosai tare da Ƙarin BaƙiDon Kali ko Debian, shigar da kanun kernel kuma ku tattara samfuran:

sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y build-essential dkms linux-headers-$(uname -r)
sudo sh /media/<usuario>/VBox_GAs_*/VBoxLinuxAdditions.run

Bayan an sake farawa, haɗaɗɗen linzamin kwamfuta da allon allo yawanci suna aiki mafi kyau. Ƙarin Baƙi baya gyara maɓallin Mai watsa shiri da ba daidai baDuk da haka, suna hana kurakuran shigarwa kuma suna hanzarta zane-zane, wanda a wasu lokuta ya haifar da hadarurruka. Idan kuna buƙatar takamaiman umarni don sabunta VirtualBox Guest Additions Tuntuɓi jagorar da ta dace.

Game da Fakitin Extension: shigar da shi a kan mai watsa shiri kawai idan kuna buƙatar shi USB 2.0/3.0, VRDP ko PXE don Intel. Daidaita sigar daidai (misali, 6.1.22 r144080 tare da Fakitin Tsawo naku 6.1.22) don guje wa rashin jituwa.

Idan komai ya karye bayan sake farawa na farko: tukwici da gyare-gyare

VM yana aiki akan taya ta farko sannan kuma ya kasa kasawa yawanci yana nuna canje-canjen da ke faruwa yayin rufewa: Aiki tare na LED (Num Lock), maido da maɓalli, Kebul tace masu kunnawa, ko takamaiman kwaro a cikin takamaiman nau'in VirtualBox.

Ingantattun jagororin a cikin wannan yanayin (Windows 10 mai masaukin baki + Kali baƙo):
- Kashe duk matatun USB na ɗan lokaci kuma tada. Idan madannai ta dawo kunne, kun sami mai laifi. kuma zaku iya tace tace daga baya.
- Canja na'urar mai nuni tsakanin PS/2 da kwamfutar hannu na USB don ganin idan linzamin kwamfuta ya daina daskarewa.
- Tabbatar da kama maɓallin atomatik kuma maɓallin Mai watsa shiri ba AltGr ba.
- Aiwatar da saitin Kulle Num tare da GUI/HidLedsSync «0» don hana jujjuyawar jihohin.
- Haɓakawa zuwa sabon juzu'i mai ƙarfi na reshe 6.1 (ko mafi girma) idan kun kasance akan 6.1.22 r144080; Ana gyara kwari da yawa tsakanin ginin r*.

Idan kun yi zargin Hyper-V amma ku gaskanta cewa baya aiki, tabbatar a cikin Windows tare da "Kuna ko kashe fasalin Windows" kuma cire alamar Hyper-V, Windows Hypervisor Platform, da WSL2 idan ba ku buƙatar su. Hyper-V na iya tsoma baki tare da haɓakawakoda lokacin da AMD-V ke aiki a BIOS.

Taswirorin allo da shimfidawa tsakanin mai masauki da baƙo

Yana da mahimmanci cewa shimfidar madannai na baƙo ya dace da shimfidar madannin madannai na zahiri. Idan madannai naku Jamusanci ne kuma baƙo yana tunanin Amurka ce, Ci baya ba zai kasance inda kuke tsammani ba.Daidaita a cikin Linux ta amfani da kayan aikin hoto ko umarni:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration
# o
setxkbmap de
# variantes útiles
setxkbmap de nodeadkeys

A cikin mahallin hoto, kuma duba zaɓin "Dead keys" kuma a kashe shi idan kuna yawan amfani da gajerun hanyoyi tare da AltGr. Taswirar da ta dace tana hana 80% na hatsarori. tare da alamomi irin su \, @ ko | cewa canza tsakanin rabawa.

Gajerun hanyoyin VirtualBox waɗanda zasu iya tsangwama

VirtualBox yana da gajerun hanyoyin kansa ta amfani da maɓallin Mai watsa shiri, misali, zuwa saki siginan kwamfuta ko canza yanayin alloIdan ba da gangan ka mamaye su da gajerun hanyoyin baƙo, VirtualBox zai "nasara." A cikin Zaɓuɓɓuka> Input> Gajerun hanyoyi, bita kuma kashe duk gajerun hanyoyin da suka ci karo da ayyukan aikinku, musamman idan kuna yin shirye-shirye da yawa ko gyarawa a cikin tashar.

A classic: idan ka sanya Host+Del zuwa "Saka Ctrl+Alt+Del", za ka iya gwada amfani da irin wannan haɗuwa a cikin baƙo kuma ka yi mamakin baƙon hali. Bar kawai mahimman aiki don rage gogayya.

Gano gaggawa mataki-mataki

Lokacin da komai ya gaza, yi amfani da wannan ƙaramin zane-zane, wanda ke taƙaita abubuwan da muka gani a cikin lamurra na ainihi da matakan da suka yi aiki:
- Shin taga VM yana mai da hankali kuma yana aiki da kama maɓalli? Idan ba haka ba, kunna shi. Ba tare da mayar da hankali ba, baƙon ba ya karɓar kome..
- Shin Maɓallin Mai watsa shiri AltGr? Canja shi zuwa Ctrl dama ko maɓallin tambarin dama.
- Shin Num Lock yana juyawa tsakanin mai masauki da baƙo? Aiwatar da GUI/HidLedsSync "0".
- Shin matattarar USB suna aiki? Kashe su kuma a sake gwadawa.
– Shin taswirar madannai daidai ne akan baƙo? Daidaita tare da setxkbmap ko dpkg-sake saitawa.
Shin yana kasawa a X kawai ko a cikin TTY kawai? Gwada wani tasha na daban ko duba gajerun hanyoyin kwaikwaiyo.
- Kuna amfani da tsohuwar sigar VirtualBox? Sabunta zuwa sabon sigar don reshen ku.
- Kuna buƙatar USB 2.0/3.0? Shigar Fakitin Tsawo wanda yayi daidai da sigar ku.

Idan VM har yanzu yana daskarewa bayan duk wannan, ƙirƙiri sabon VM mai nuni zuwa faifai iri ɗaya don kawar da ɓarnawar sanyi. Sau da yawa faifan yana da kyau kuma fayil ɗin .vbox ne ke haifar da matsalaDon fahimtar yadda ake buɗewa ko gyara a .vbox fayil Tuntuɓi jagorar da ta dace. Sake shigo da kayan aiki (OVA) shima mafita ce mai sauri idan wannan shine farkon ku.

Abin da muka koya daga ainihin lokuta

Game da yanayin Windows 10 + VirtualBox 6.1.22 + Kali: hadewar rashin Samun Ƙarar Baƙi ko Fakitin Tsawo, tare da matattarar USB da shakku game da maɓallin Mai watsa shiri, Ya ƙare a cikin yanayin mataccen madannai da linzamin kwamfuta Bayan rufewar farko, saita maɓallin Mai watsa shiri zuwa dama Ctrl, kashe matattara na USB, da ba da damar kama maɓallin atomatik da aka dawo da shigarwar. Daidaita Aiki tare na Kulle Num ya hana rashin daidaituwa lokacin sauyawa tsakanin tsarin.

A cikin yanayin Debian Squeeze: tare da tsohuwar taswirar Amurka da maɓallin Mai watsa shiri ya koma maɓallin tambarin dama, wasu masu amfani ba za su iya amfani da Ctrl a nano ba. yayin da wasu sun sami damar yin kwafin Ctrl + X ba tare da fitowar baBambancin? Mahallin (console vs X), mai kwaikwayon tasha, da kama gajeriyar hanya. Ɗaukar shi zuwa TTY da duba wurin ya taimaka wajen ware matsalar daga ɓangaren zane.

Kuma game da batun AltGr +ß: VirtualBox ba laifi bane idan taswirar baƙon ba daidai bane ko kuma idan muka saci AltGr don maɓallin Mai watsa shiri. A Linux, AltGr mai tsarki ne ga alamomi kamar \ ko | a wasu rarraba; ajiye wannan maɓalli don VirtualBox yana kama da ƙirƙirar shingen da aka sanya kansa.

FAQ mai sauri

Shin ina buƙatar shigar da Ƙarin Baƙi don maballin ya yi aiki? A'a, maɓalli na asali yana aiki ba tare da su baAmma haɗin kai ( linzamin kwamfuta , allon , allo ) yana inganta da yawa tare da Ƙari kuma sau da yawa yana kawar da rashin daidaituwa.

Shin Hyper-V zai iya karya madannai a cikin VirtualBox? A kan Windows Machines, Hyper-V na iya tsoma baki tare da haɓakawa Gabaɗaya. Kashe shi idan ba kwa buƙatarsa ​​(kuma sake farawa) don kawar da rikice-rikice.

Me yasa kawai ya kasa a nano? Domin nano, tashar tashar, ko X na iya zama intercepting ko sake fassara masu gyaraGwada amfani da TTY (Ctrl+Alt+F2) don bincika ko matsala ce ta tsarin ko zane-zane.

Me zai faru da Num Lock lokacin fara VM? Wasu nau'ikan VirtualBox Suna jefar da yanayin LED tsakanin mai gida da bako. Saitin GUI/HidLedsSync "0" yana barin shi ƙarƙashin ikon mai watsa shiri.

Bayan gwada duk waɗannan hanyoyin, madannai yawanci yakan dawo rayuwa ta hanyar gyara maki uku: guje wa AltGr a matsayin maɓallin Mai watsa shiri, daidaita taswirar madannai na baƙo tare da taswirar madannai ta zahiri na mai masaukin baki, da kuma kawar da desynchronization na Num Lock tare da umarnin VBoxManage. Idan kuma kuna tsaftace abubuwan tace USB, kunna kama ta atomatik, kuma tabbatar da cewa kuna amfani da nau'ikan VirtualBox masu jituwa da Fakitin Tsawaitawa.Matsalolin linzamin kwamfuta na "fatalwa" da maballin madannai sun ɓace. Kuma idan kun sami kanku makale da maɓallin Ctrl ba ya aiki a cikin Debian ko ɗan damfara a cikin Kali tare da shimfidar Jamusanci, ku tuna: gwada TTY, duba gajerun hanyoyin tasha, kuma kada ku sanya VirtualBox maɓallin da Linux ke buƙatar buga mahimman alamomi.