Menene Prism akan Windows akan Arm kuma ta yaya yake gudanar da aikace-aikacen x86/x64 ba tare da rikitarwa ba?

Menene Prism a cikin Windows akan Arm kuma ta yaya yake ba ku damar gudanar da aikace-aikacen x86/x64? Idan kuna sha'awar Windows akan na'urori masu sarrafa Arm, sunan Prism zai fara yin sauti sosai. Wannan injin kwaikwayo ne wanda ke ba da damar aikace-aikacen x86 da x64 na gargajiya suyi aiki akan Arm. ba tare da mai amfani ya yi wani abu na musamman ko shigar da ƙarin kayan aikin ba. Tunanin mai sauƙi ne: cewa ɗimbin yanayin yanayin software na Windows yana nan lokacin da kuka canza gine-ginen kayan aikin ku.

Yana da kyau a fayyace wannan tun daga farko: Emulation wani bangare ne na Windows kuma yana da gaskiyaA cikin Windows 11 akan Arm, Prism ya zo azaman gagarumin juyin halitta tare da sigar 24H2, yana haɓaka aiki idan aka kwatanta da fasahar da ta gabata da rage yawan amfani da CPU a cikin hanyoyin da aka kwaikwaya. Kuma a, Windows 10 akan Arm shima yana yin koyi, kodayake ɗaukar hoto yana iyakance ga ƙa'idodin 32-bit x86.

Menene Prism kuma me yasa yake da mahimmanci a cikin Windows akan Arm?

Prism shine sabon emulator wanda aka haɗa a ciki Windows 11 24H2 don kwamfutocin Arm. Manufar su ita ce sanya software da aka haɗa don x86/x64 ta gudana akan ARM64 tare da mafi ƙarancin hukunci.Microsoft ya gabatar da shi tare da kwamfutoci na Copilot+, tare da mai da hankali na musamman kan na'urori masu sarrafa Qualcomm Snapdragon X Elite da X Plus, inda kamfanin ya daidaita injin ɗin don cin gajiyar microarchitecture ɗin sa.

Bayan kasancewar sunan alamar da ya ɓace, Prism yana wakiltar ƙwaƙƙwaran haɓakawa idan aka kwatanta da abin da ya gabataYana fassarawa da tsara lambar yadda ya kamata kuma yana iyakance nauyin CPU a cikin al'amuran duniya na ainihi. A aikace, Microsoft yana ba da rahoton haɓakawa tsakanin 10 zuwa 20% a cikin fassarar binary tare da 24H2 akan kayan masarufi iri ɗaya, yana ba da haɓakawa ga ƙa'idodin da suka yi gwagwarmaya a baya.

Bayan tallace-tallace, akwai mahimmin mahallin: Yawancin software na PC har yanzu x86 Kuma kundin tarihin yana da girma. Idan Microsoft yana son Windows akan Arm ya zama mai aiki - kuma yayi gasa kai-da-kai tare da Apple Silicon Macs - kwaikwayi dole ne ya kasance cikin sauri da jituwa. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa Prism wani muhimmin sashi ne na shirin, musamman yayin da ƙarin aikace-aikacen ke ɗaukar binaries na ARM64 na asali.

Yadda kwaikwaya ke aiki: daga x86/x64 zuwa ARM64 a cikin ainihin lokaci

Hanyar Microsoft tana ɗaukar hanyar fassarar JIT (Just-In-Time). Prism hot-compiles x86/x64 umarnin toshe zuwa umarnin ARM64Wannan ya haɗa da amfani da haɓakawa don tabbatar da cewa lambar da aka fitar ta yi inganci akan kernels Arm. Wannan yana rage girman kan gudanar da binaries ba na asali ba.

Don gujewa sake lissafin abu ɗaya koyaushe. Windows caches da aka fassara tubalan lambobiSabis na tsarin yana kula da waɗannan cache ta tsarin, ta yadda sauran aikace-aikacen za su iya sake amfani da su a farkon taya, ta yadda za a rage jinkiri da ba da damar ingantawa lokacin da aka sake kunna wannan lambar.

A cikin duniyar 32-bit x86, Layin WOW64 yana aiki azaman gada akan sigar ARM64 na Windows (kamar yadda yake akan sigar x64 na Windows). Wannan ya haɗa da tsarin fayil ɗin na yau da kullun da jujjuyawar rajista don kiyaye dacewa, keɓance daidai abin da kowane app ke tsammanin yana gani.

Tare da aikace-aikacen x64 tsarin yana canzawa: Babu WOW64 Layer ko kwafin tsarin binaries/ manyan fayilolin rajistaMadadin haka, Windows yana amfani da binaries ARM64X a cikin tsarin PE wanda tsarin zai iya ɗauka cikin duka x64 da ARM64 tafiyar matakai daga wuri guda, ba tare da juyawa ba. Sakamakon haka, aikace-aikacen x64 na iya samun dama ga tsarin (fiyiloli da rajista) ba tare da lambar musamman ba.

Akwai, duk da haka, iyaka mai mahimmanci: Kwaikwayi kawai yana rufe lambar yanayin mai amfaniDuk wani abu da ke da alaƙa da kwaya (direba, alal misali) dole ne a haɗa shi don ARM64. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa wasu tsofaffi ko na'urori na musamman na iya buƙatar takamaiman direbobi ko a cire su gaba ɗaya.

Ganewa da hali: menene aikace-aikacen da ke ƙarƙashin kwaikwayo "duba"

Aikace-aikacen x86/x64, sai dai idan an tambaye shi a sarari, bai san cewa yana aiki akan kwamfutar hannu ba. Idan kuna tambaya APIs kamar IsWoW64Process2 ko GetMachineTypeAttributesZai gano iyawar mai watsa shiri ARM64 da kwaikwayar kanta. Don dacewa, GetNativeSystemInfo yana dawo da cikakkun bayanai na CPUs da aka kwaikwayi lokacin da aka kira su daga ƙa'idar da ke gudana.

Wannan yana hana aikace-aikace da yawa yin faɗuwa saboda yawan gano yanayin. Ainihin, app ɗin yana "ganin" mai sarrafa kayan aikin da ya dace don aiwatar da shi, tare da saitin umarni da metadata wanda Prism ya yanke shawarar fallasa dangane da shari'ar.

Menene sabo a cikin Prism: ƙarin umarnin CPU da mafi kyawun dacewa

Ofaya daga cikin sabbin fasalulluka masu ƙarfi sun zo a cikin ginin Insider na Windows 11 24H2, kamar 27744. Microsoft yana kunna tallafi don haɓaka x86 da ake buƙata sosai ta software na zamani: AVX, AVX2, BMI, FMA, da F16C, da sauransu. Ana yin wannan ta hanyar CPU mai kama-da-wane wanda ke kwaikwayon x64 apps "duba".

Mene ne? Ƙarin wasanni da kayan aikin ƙirƙira waɗanda a baya ma ba za su tashi daga ƙasa ba yanzu suna wucewa ta tace Domin sun daina kasawa saboda buƙatun CPU. Wannan kuskuren "AVX/AVX2 ya ɓace" wanda aka yi amfani da shi don toshe wasu wasannin bidiyo da gyare-gyaren suites yana zama abin da ya wuce a lokuta da yawa, kamar yadda gwaje-gwajen Adobe Premiere Pro 25 suka nuna akan ARM.

Muhimmin nuance: A wasu sigogin farko, ƙa'idodin x64 ne kawai ke gano waɗannan sabbin kariMicrosoft ya ayyana wannan a cikin bayanin sanarwa na 27744. A cikin wasu ginanniyar Insider, an kunna saitin “opt-in” ta yadda wasu aikace-aikacen x86 (32-bit) suma su sami damar samun damar wasu ƙarin tallafin daga Kaddarorin → Compatibility/Emulation. Idan kuna gwada gine-gine daban-daban, al'ada ne don nemo bambance-bambance.

Kamfanin yana tambayar Insiders don bayar da rahoton koma baya da al'amurran da suka dace ta hanyar Hub mayar da martani (Win + F)a cikin nau'in Apps kuma tare da takamaiman sunan software ɗin da abin ya shafa. Wannan ita ce hanyar da za a tace dacewa kafin fitowar ta gabaɗaya.

Prism da Rosetta 2 da rawar Copilot+ PC

Microsoft ba ya ɓoye wahayinsa: Prism shine "Rosetta 2" na WindowsApple ya nuna tare da fassarar fassararsa cewa sauye-sauyen gine-gine na iya zama maras kyau idan kayan aikin na tallafa musu. Yanzu, tare da kwamfutoci na Copilot+ da kwakwalwan kwamfuta na Snapdragon X, Microsoft yana son yin tasiri iri ɗaya a cikin yanayin yanayin Windows.

Kamfanin ya yi nisa da ikirarin hakan Kwaikwayonsa na iya zama "mai inganci kamar Rosetta 2" Har ma ya yi alƙawarin yin aiki cikin sauri a wasu yanayi, kodayake wannan ya dogara sosai akan kayan aikin da aka kwatanta da nau'in kaya. A yanzu, yana da ma'ana a yi tsammanin aiki mai mutuntawa a cikin aikace-aikace da yawa da aiki mai ban mamaki a cikin aikace-aikacen ARM64 na asali, amma babu abin da ke yin alƙawarin mu'ujjizan duniya.

Bayan taken, akwai hujja mai amfani: Fassara tare da Prism a cikin 24H2 suna tsakanin 10 da 20% cikin sauri akan ƙungiya ɗayaWannan yana ƙarfafa jin daɗin ruwa kuma yana rage kwalabe inda gwaninta a baya ya rushe ƙarƙashin nauyinsa.

Ayyukan duniyar gaske, rayuwar batir, da inda iyaka ya kwanta

Yin aiki a ƙarƙashin kwaikwayi ya dogara da aikace-aikacen da yadda aka tsara shi. Prism yana rage hukuncin kuma, a wasu lokuta, kwaikwayi apps suna yin kamar na asali ne. a cikin na'urorin x86 da suka gabata (tunanin Surface Laptop 5 ko Surface Pro 9), godiya ga tsalle cikin inganci da ikon Snapdragon X kanta.

Game da cin gashin kai, Windows 11 akan Arm yana neman haɓaka ingantaccen makamashi Ana amfani da katunan zane na asali da na asali. Rayuwar baturi, duk da haka, koyaushe za ta dogara ne akan nauyin aiki: gyaran bidiyo, nunawa, da wasan kwaikwayo suna ci gaba da kasancewa cikin yanayin yanayin da ke cinye ƙarfi fiye da ayyukan haske.

Akwai tabbataccen iyaka: Kwaikwayo baya tallafawa direbobi ko abubuwan kernelDon haka, wasu tsofaffi ko manyan abubuwan da suka dogara da masana'anta suna da direbobin ARM64. Kuma, dangane da, wasu wasannin da ke da anti-cheat waɗanda ba su da sigar ARM ko waɗanda ke buƙatar OpenGL sama da 3.3 na iya yin aiki har sai an sabunta su.

A bangaren tsaro, Daidaita riga-kafi na ɓangare na uku ya ingantaDuk da haka, yana da kyau a bincika bisa ga kowane hali. Tsaron Windows yana nan a matsayin cikakken ɗaukar hoto idan mai siyar bai riga ya ba da binaries na ARM64 ba.

Wadanne apps ne riga na asali kuma me yasa kuke sha'awar ƙaura?

Kwaikwayi yana da kyau don farawa da, amma sararin sama na asali ne ARM64. Microsoft 365 (Kungiyoyi, PowerPoint, Outlook, Word, Excel, OneDrive da OneNote) yanzu yana gudana na asali., kamar mashahuran apps kamar Chrome, Spotify, Zoom, WhatsApp, Blender, Affinity Suite ko DaVinci Resolve, tare da kyakkyawan aiki.

Har ila yau, Adobe ya kasance yana yin motsi tare da Photoshop na asali, Lightroom, da Firefly.Microsoft ya sanar da nau'ikan ARM na Premiere Pro da Mai zane. Microsoft yana tsammanin kusan kashi 90% na jimlar amfani za su fito daga ƙa'idodin ƙasa, godiya ga ingantattun kayan aiki, SDKs, da tallafi.

Ga masu haɓakawa, akwai abin fasaha mai ban sha'awa: ARM64EC yana ba da damar haɗa binariestare da sassan x64 da sannu a hankali aka maye gurbinsu da lambar ARM64 don hanzarta sassa masu mahimmanci ba tare da sake rubuta aikin gaba ɗaya ba. Hanya ce ta gaskiya don ƙaura a hankali.

Windows 11 24H2, Windows 10 akan Arm da jita-jita "Windows 12".

Idan kuna mamakin tsarin Copilot+ PC: Yana da Windows 11 tare da manyan canje-canje don amfani da kayan aiki da sababbin abubuwan AI. 24H2 babban haɓakawa ne a wannan batun; Jita-jita na "Windows 12" ba ta cika da wannan motsi ba.

A cikin babban hoto, Windows 11 akan Arm yana kwaikwayon x86 da x64Yayin da Windows 10 akan Arm ya kasance a x86. Idan har yanzu kuna aiki tare da Windows 10 akan Arm, haɓakawa zuwa Windows 11 24H2 yana da dacewa don dacewa, aiki, kuma, ba shakka, Prism.

Daidaituwa, kayan aiki, da fasaha na taimako

Don tabbatar da cewa komai yana tafiya lafiya. Dole ne masu sarrafawa su kasance ARM64Na'urorin bugawa da na'urar daukar hotan takardu yawanci suna aiki idan an haɗa direban a cikin Windows 11 ko kuma idan masana'anta suka samar da shi don Arm; in ba haka ba, kuna iya gwada shigar da shi daga Saituna → Printer. Koyaya, wasu abubuwan kamar Windows Fax da Scan bazai samuwa ba.

A cikin tsarin tsarin, Wasu abubuwan amfani waɗanda ke canza ƙwarewar Windows (IME, abokan ciniki na girgije tare da haɗin kai mai zurfi) na iya samun iyakataccen aiki idan ba a inganta su don Arm64 ba.

Dangane da samun dama, hangen nesa yana inganta: NVDA ta riga ta sabunta mai karanta allo don Windows 11 akan Arm Kuma JAWS yana ƙara dacewa. Shawarwari mai ma'ana: duba tare da mai ba ku idan app ɗin taimako da kuka fi so ya shirya don Arm64.

Mahalli na kamfani: Filaye tare da Snapdragon X da manyan turawa

Surface Pro (bugu na 11) da Laptop na Surface (bugu na 7) tare da Snapdragon X an tsara su don yin tsalle ba tare da rauni ba. Suna ba da aiki, tsawon rayuwar batir, da dacewa tare da ƙa'idodin ƙasa da kwaikwayo., haɗawa ba tare da matsala ba tare da Microsoft 365 da sauran kayan aikin yau da kullun.

Don kasuwanci, App Assure Microsoft FastTrack Yana da ceton rai: yana taimakawa ba tare da ƙarin farashi ba (ga abokan cinikin da ke da ingantaccen Microsoft 365 ko tsare-tsaren Windows) don warware tubalan dacewa da aikace-aikacen, gami da LOBs na al'ada da software na ɓangare na uku, macros, da ƙari.

Dabarar a bayyane take: Aiwatar da Arm ba tare da barin tushen software ɗin da kake da shi ba, amfana daga cin gashin kai da aiki kuma, ba zato ba tsammani, tura masu samar da ku don sadar da nau'ikan ARM64 a cikin gajeren lokaci da matsakaici.

Yadda ake kunna (idan akwai) ƙarin tallafi akan 32-bit x86

A cikin wasu ginin Insider, Microsoft ya ƙara saiti don ƙyale ƙa'idodin x86 (32-bit) don cin gajiyar sabbin damar CPU ƙarƙashin kwaikwaya. Idan ginin ku ya ba shi damar, buɗe Abubuwan Abubuwan Aikace-aikacen → Compatibility/Emulation tab kuma ba da damar tallafi mai tsayi. Idan kuna da wasu tambayoyi, tuntuɓi takaddun ginin ko al'umma.

A kowane hali, Duk x64 apps suna amfana ta atomatik daga sabon saitin umarni fallasa ta Prism inda aka tallafa. Idan kuna son bincika abin da app ɗinku yake "gani," abubuwan amfani kamar Coreinfo64.exe na iya nuna ƙarin abubuwan da aka gano.

Shigar da apps daga wajen Shagon Microsoft da sauran tambayoyin da ake yawan yi

Tambaya ta gargajiya: Zan iya shigar da shirye-shirye daga wajen Shagon? Ee, Windows 11 akan Arm yana ba ku damar shigarwa da gudanar da aikace-aikacen Win32 na gargajiya.Idan 'yan asalin ARM64 ne, cikakke; idan ba haka ba, Prism za ta shigo cikin wasa don yin koyi da su tare da ƙara gamsarwa.

Idan wani abu bai yi aiki ba, Na farko, tabbatar da direbobi da abin dogaro. (musamman idan yana buƙatar kernel), duba idan akwai nau'in ARM64 ko ARM64EC, sannan ku ba da rahoton duk wani koma baya akan Hub ɗin Feedback idan kun kasance Insider. Tsarin halittu yana ci gaba da sauri; kowane sabuntawa yana inganta hoto gaba ɗaya.

Dogon titin Windows akan Arm da juyi

Microsoft ya dade yana bin iyawar Windows akan Arm tsawon shekaru. Bayan koma baya kamar Surface RT, Copilot+ PC yana sake buɗe wannan ƙofar Tare da gasa kayan aiki da babban kwaikwayi Layer, canjin Apple ya saita sandar tsayi sosai, kuma tare da Prism, Redmond yana da niyyar daidaita wannan matakin a cikin aiki da dacewa.

Har yanzu akwai ƙalubale, ba shakka: Tsarin muhalli na Win32 yana da fa'ida kuma iri-iri.Tare da dubban masu haɓakawa da yanayin da Microsoft ba ta ma sani ba, ba da tabbacin goyon bayan 100% ga duka kasida a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci ba zai yiwu ba. Koyaya, kowane sabon haɓaka yana goyan bayan, kowane direban ARM64 ya fito, kuma kowane app da aka tattara don ARM64 yana rage juzu'i.

Don haka, saƙon biyu yana da ma'ana: Prism yana gadar gibin yau don ku iya aiki, wasa, da ƙirƙiraKuma a lokaci guda, kasida ta asali tana girma mako-mako. A halin yanzu, ci gaban 24H2 da Insider yana ci gaba da haɓaka kewayon aikace-aikacen da ke aiki ba tare da faci ba.

Daga mahallin mai amfani, abin da za ku lura shi ne Ana samun ƙarin aikace-aikacen da a da ke haifar da matsala yanzu suna farawa Kuma suna aiki mafi kyau. Idan kayan aikin maɓallin ku ya riga ya kasance ARM64, mai ban mamaki; idan ba haka ba, Prism yana ba ku damar ci gaba ba tare da canza tsarin aikin ku ba.

Yana da kyau a tuna ra'ayoyi huɗu: Emulation atomatik ne kuma wani ɓangare na tsarinDole ne masu sarrafawa su kasance ARM64; x64 binaries suna amfana daga ARM64X don haɗin kai maras kyau; da daidaitawar CPU (AVX/AVX2, BMI, FMA, F16C) yana zuwa ga ginin don haka ƙarin wasanni da ƙa'idodin ƙirƙira zasu iya gudana cikin sauƙi. Tare da waɗannan abubuwan haɗin gwiwa, Windows akan Arm a ƙarshe yana jin kamar dandamali wanda zaku iya aiki da jin daɗin rayuwa ba tare da babban sulhu ba.