Menene Ofishin Jakadancin Farawa kuma me yasa yake damu Turai?

Kira Ofishin Jakadancin GenesisAikin, wanda Fadar White House ta ƙaddamar kwanan nan, ya zama babban abin da ake tattaunawa a kai a duniya kan fasahar kere-kere, kimiyya, da kuma ikon siyasa. Aikin yana da nufin sake tsara yadda ake samar da ilimin kimiyya a Amurkakuma, a sakamakon haka, zuwa don saita taki ga sauran kasashen duniya a tseren neman mamaye fasahar kere-kere ta duniya.

Duk da yake a Washington ana maganar a yunƙuri daidai gwargwado da manyan cibiyoyi na ƙarni na 20A cikin Turai - musamman a Spain - mutane suna lura tare da cakuda sha'awa, taka tsantsan, da wasu rashin jin daɗin yadda hakan yake. Babban sadaukarwa ga AI ya shafi kimiyya Zai iya sake fasalta wanda ke jagorantar tattalin arzikin ilimi a cikin shekaru masu zuwa.

Menene aikin Farawa da gaske?

Ofishin Jakadancin Farawa umarni ne na zartarwa wanda Shugaban Amurka Donald Trump ya sanya wa hannu wanda ya ba da shawara yunƙurin haɗin kai na ƙasa don amfani da hankali na wucin gadi ga kimiyyaGwamnatin da kanta ta bayyana shi a matsayin aikin "mai kama da gaggawa da kuma buri ga aikin Manhattan," shirin sirri wanda ya haifar da bam din nukiliya na farko, da kuma "mafi girman tattara albarkatun kimiyya na tarayya tun daga shirin Apollo".

Wannan ba sabon dakin gwaje-gwaje bane ko cibiyar bincike keɓe, amma a maimakon haka bayanai, kwamfuta, da gine-ginen haɗin gwiwar da aka tsara don canza tsarin kimiyyar Amurka.

Mahimmin ra'ayin shine ƙirƙirar nau'in "kwakwalwar kimiyya" ta kasa: don haɗa duk bayanan kimiyya da aka samar tare da kuɗin jama'a zuwa dandamali guda ɗaya, haɗa su da ikon manyan kwamfutoci na Ma'aikatar Makamashi, da ƙara ƙarfin bincike na jami'o'i, dakunan gwaje-gwaje na ƙasa, da manyan kamfanonin fasaha.

Manufar da aka bayyana ita ce hanzarta gano abubuwa a fannoni kamar su maganin halittumakamashi, sabbin kayan aiki, robotics, ko ƙididdigar ƙididdiga, ta amfani da Na'urorin AI na ci gaba waɗanda ke da ikon gano ƙira, ba da shawarwari, da haɓaka matakai akan sikelin da ba zai yuwu ga ƙungiyoyin ɗan adam ba. da kansu.

A cewar masu haɓaka aikin, girman aikin zai iya haifar da wani babban koma-baya. " juyin juya halin masana'antu"Ta hanyar haɗa shekarun da suka gabata na bayanan tarwatsawa da haɗa su tare da iyawar ƙididdigewa da ƙirar AI na zamani, makasudin shine a gajarta lokutan binciken kimiyya: abin da yanzu ke ɗaukar shekaru ko shekaru da yawa don ganowa na iya ragewa, aƙalla bisa ka'ida, zuwa ƴan watanni.

Wani dandamali mai mahimmanci a sabis na AI

Dokar zartarwa ta zayyana a dandalin tarayya don haɗin gwiwar jama'a da masu zaman kansu wanda ya sanya manyan kamfanonin fasaha a tsakiyar aikin. Kamfanoni kamar OpenAI, Google, Microsoft, Meta, Anthropic, Nvidia, da SpaceX suna cikin abokan haɗin gwiwa da aka fi so, duka don ba da gudummawar kayan aikin kwamfuta da fasahar AI da haɓaka aikace-aikacen kimiyya na ci gaba dangane da wakilai da mataimaka na gaba.

Shirin ya ƙunshi haɗa bayanan kimiyyar da gwamnatin tarayya ke bayarwa Kuma ta hanyar daidaita ikon sarrafa kwamfuta na dakunan gwaje-gwaje na Amurka 17, da cibiyoyin bayanai da manyan kamfanoni ke gudanarwa a fannin. A aikace, wannan yana nufin tattara babban kaso na dabarun Amurka—daga ayyukan kiwon lafiya da fasahar kere-kere zuwa kwaikwaiyon yanayi, binciken makamashi, da gwaje-gwajen kimiyyar lissafi mai ƙarfi—zuwa gine-ginen AI guda ɗaya.

Wannan sabon kayayyakin more rayuwa zai dogara ga na gaba tsara Wakilan AI da mataimakaWaɗannan tsarin suna da ikon aiwatar da sarƙaƙƙiyar jerin ayyuka tare da ƙaramin sa hannun ɗan adam. Bayan amfani da yau da kullun-kamar sarrafa ajiyar ajiya ko sarrafa tsarin amfani da sarrafa kansa-za a tura su a cikin yankuna masu tasiri: ƙirƙira sabbin magunguna, gano abubuwan haɓaka masana'antu, haɓaka hanyoyin sadarwa na makamashi, da hasashen bala'in bala'i na zamani, a tsakanin sauran fannoni.

Odar da kanta ta bayyana cewa ita ce gwamnatin tarayya Zaɓi kamfanonin da za su shigaƘayyade damar yin amfani da bayanai da ababen more rayuwa da ayyana manufofi game da mallakar fasaha, lasisi, sirrin ciniki, da hanyoyin kasuwanci don sakamakon. Ta wannan hanyar, Ofishin Jakadancin Farawa kuma yana aiki kamar manufofin masana'antu mai ƙarfi, an nannade shi a cikin jawabin tsaro na kasa, wanda ke ƙarfafa matsayin wasu kamfanoni da kuma ƙarfafa tasirinsu akan tsarin kimiyya da fasaha na Amurka.

Race da kasar Sin da kasadar tattara iko

An tsara Ofishin Jakadancin Farawa a fili a cikin gasa dabarun da kasar Sin don rinjayen basirar wucin gadi da fasahar zamani. Umurnin da kansa ya bayyana wannan a fili: Amurka tana la'akari da kanta a cikin tseren jagorancin duniya a cikin AI kuma tana ganin shirin a matsayin mayar da martani ga ci gaban da aka samu a cikin sauri na giant na Asiya, duka a cikin fitarwa na kimiyya da haƙƙin mallaka, da kuma a cikin robotics, motsi mai cin gashin kansa, da tsarin AI wanda aka haɗa cikin masana'antu da kayayyakin more rayuwa.

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kasar Sin ta shigar da dubunnan na'urorin mutum-mutumi na masana'antu sanye da na'urori masu basira, ta kuma samar da na'urorin AI wadanda a cewar wasu manazarta. Sun yi aiki a matsayin "Sputnik" na fasaha. ta hanyar nuna cewa buɗaɗɗen gine-gine na iya fin waɗanda aka rufe. Takunkumin da aka kakaba wa masana kimiyya da kamfanoni na kasar Sin ya sa aka kara karfafa tsarin muhallin da ya dace da kansa, wanda a yanzu ke fafatawa da manyan 'yan wasan Amurka da na Turai.

A cikin wannan mahallin, an fassara Ma'anar Farawa a matsayin nau'i na sake tattara albarkatun jama'a da masu zaman kansu Don ci gaba da fa'idar Amurka kuma, ba zato ba tsammani, dorewar tattalin arziƙin ya dogara sosai kan saka hannun jari a AI. Manyan kamfanonin kere-kere bakwai ne suka mamaye kasuwar kasa da ta duniya, tare da kimar da suka yi sama da fadi saboda farewar da suka yi kan bayanan sirri da kuma manyan cibiyoyin bayanan da suke ginawa. Matsalar ita ce, har yanzu wani muhimmin kaso na waɗannan jarin bai fayyace zuwa fayyace riba ba, wanda masana da yawa suka bayyana a matsayin sabon kumfa mai kwatankwacin kumfa dot-com.

Bayan yanayin tattalin arziki, aikin yana buɗe gaba mai laushi: maida hankali na kimiyya da bayanai ikon a hannun ƴan wasan kwaikwayo kaɗan. Duk wanda ke kula da dandali na Ofishin Jakadancin Farawa, wasu manazarta suna jayayya, zai sarrafa abin da aka bincika, abin da aka ba da fifiko, da abin da ya rage. Kuma a cikin duniyar da ilimi shine babban injin tattalin arziki da yanayin siyasa, ikon yanke shawara ya fi dacewa da sarrafa manyan masu amfani da ikon duniya.

Gargadi game da mulki, nuna gaskiya da xa'a

Muryoyi daga masana kimiyya da al'ummar kimiyya na duniya sun fara mai da hankali kan hadarin da ke tattare da data tsakiya da kuma AI mega dandamali cewa ya dogara da muradun siyasa da kamfanoni na kasa daya. Tsoron shine, a ƙarƙashin alƙawarin ƙaddamar da dimokuradiyya samun damar samun ilimi, mafi girman ƙarfin ilimin kimiyya a cikin tarihin kwanan nan zai ƙare yana ƙarfafawa, tare da ikon jagoranci ajandar bincike na duniya.

Marubutan da suka yi nazarin gama kai hankali da kuma rarraba tsarin Sun yi nuni da cewa idan aka tattara bayanai a hannun ‘yan kadan, za a samu gibi mai zurfi tsakanin masu sarrafa bayanan da wadanda suka dogara da su.Maimakon haɓaka buɗaɗɗen yanayi da haɗin kai, haɗarin yana haifar da "hamadar ilimi" a cikin manyan yankuna na duniya, inda cibiyoyi ba su da damar yin amfani da bayanai na gaske da ikon lissafin da ake bukata don yin gasa a filin wasa.

Daga mahangar hanyar kimiyya, tambayoyi masu mahimmanci kuma suna tasowa. Kimiyya ba kawai game da nemo alamu a cikin manya-manyan bayanai ba; yana bukata gano abubuwan da ba su dace ba, tambayi zato na baya, zaɓi tsakanin tunanin kishiya da kuma shawo kan al'ummar ƙwararru ta hanyar tattaunawa a fili da bitar takwarorinsu. Canja wurin ikon yanke shawara mai yawa zuwa tsarin AI mara kyau, wanda aka horar da shi akan binciken da ya gabata, na iya ƙarfafa kafaffen filayen da rufe ra'ayoyin da ke tasowa, waɗanda yawanci farawa da ƙarancin bayanai, ƙarancin ƙididdiga, da ƙarancin kuɗi.

Masu bincike kamar Akhil Bhardwaj sun nuna cewa manyan labarun nasara a kimiyyar AI, kamar AlphaFold a cikin ilimin halitta, suna aiki saboda An haɗa su cikin tsarin muhallin da mutane ke jagorantainda ƙungiyoyin ɗan adam ke kulawa, tabbatarwa, da gyarawa. Shawarwarinsu a bayyane yake: Ya kamata Ofishin Farawa ya ɗauki AI a matsayin saitin kayan aiki masu ƙarfi a hidimar al'ummar kimiyyaba a matsayin matuƙin jirgin sama ba yana yanke shawara game da abin da zai bincika, yadda za a fassara sakamakon, ko abin da za a fassara zuwa manufofin jama'a.

Hakazalika, masana a fannin nanotechnology da canja wurin fasaha sun dage da cewa yanke shawara ta ƙarshe akan abin da za a bincika da kuma yadda za a yi amfani da binciken dole ne ya kasance a hannun mutane. Bayar da ayyuka masu mahimmanci ga ƙirar da ba a taɓa gani ba na iya ƙarfafa kurakurai masu hankali, “hallunation” na kimiyya, ko son zuciya waɗanda, da zarar an yaɗa su a cikin adabi, zai yi wuya a gyara. Tashin abin da ake kira "AI Slop"-ƙananan abubuwan kimiyya marasa inganci waɗanda AI suka haifar - yana nuna girman matsalar."

Idan aka fuskanci wannan yanayin, maganin da masana kimiyya da yawa suka gabatar ya haɗa da ƙarfafawa Buɗaɗɗen kimiyya, bin diddigin abubuwa, da kuma binciken kuɗi mai zaman kansa na tsarin AI da aka yi amfani da su a cikin bincike. Ana buƙatar tsari, bayanai, da hanyoyin yanke shawara su kasance masu tantancewa, tare da bayyanannun ƙa'idodin gudanar da mulkin jama'a da ingantattun hanyoyin sarrafa dimokuradiyya, ta yadda masu zaman kansu ba za su iya yin shiru ba su sanya ajandarsu akan moriyar gama gari.

Amsar Turai: samfurin kansa na AI na kimiyya

A Turai, ƙaddamar da Ofishin Jakadancin Farawa ya sake dawo da muhawara game da rawar da nahiyar ke takawa a tseren AI na duniya. Ga masu bincike kamar Javier García Martínez, darektan dakin gwaje-gwaje na Nanotechnology na Molecular a Jami'ar Alicante da wata hukuma ta duniya kan canja wurin fasaha, "Turai ba za ta iya samun faduwa a baya ba, saboda makomar tattalin arzikinmu ta dogara da jagoranci a cikin AI.Batun, in ji ya fayyace, ba wai kwafi shirin Amurka bane, amma ƙirƙira wata babbar dabarar Turai wacce ta dace da ƙimarta.

Hukumar Tarayyar Turai ta fara yin yunƙuri tare da taswirar hanya biyu: a gefe guda. Fadada AI a cikin masana'antu da gudanar da jama'a; ga wani, don sanya Turai ta zama cibiyar kimiyya mai amfani da fasahar AIJigon wannan bangaren kimiyya shine RAISE, wata cibiya mai kamanceceniya wacce ke da alhakin daidaita bayanai, ikon sarrafa kwamfuta, da baiwa ta yadda Masu bincike na Turai na iya yin amfani da hankali na wucin gadi a wurare kamar lafiya, yanayi, ko makamashi.

Tsarin al'umma yana hasashen saka hannun jari Yuro miliyan 58 don jawo hankali da riƙe masana AI, fiye da miliyan 600 don inganta samun dama ga masu bincike da farawa zuwa supercomputers da "AI gigafactories" na gaba, da kuma Sau biyu na ƙoƙarin AI na shekara-shekara a cikin shirin Horizon Turai, cewa Wannan zai wuce Yuro biliyan 3.000Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da aka ba da fifiko shi ne gano gibin bayanai na dabarun da gina manyan bayanai masu inganci waɗanda AI kimiyya ke buƙatar zama masu amfani kuma abin dogaro.

García Martínez, wanda ya hada rahoton Taswirar hanya don ƙididdigewa a lokuta masu wuyar gaske (INTEC 2025) Ga Rafael del Pino Foundation, an jaddada cewa AI ya kasance ginshiƙi na wuraren bincike da yawa shekaru da yawa. Daga manyan na'urorin hangen nesa zuwa na'urar kara kuzari, kungiyoyin kimiyya Suna haifar da ɗimbin bayanan da ba za a iya sarrafa su ba tare da nagartattun algorithms bawanda ke ba da damar nemo alamu, daidaita al'amura masu rikitarwa, da haɓaka sauye-sauye daga bincike zuwa kasuwa.

Misalai suna ƙaruwa: godiya ga AI, an gano abaucine, daya daga cikin 'yan maganin rigakafi masu iya yakar daya daga cikin manyan kwari wanda WHO ke ganin a matsayin babbar barazana saboda juriyarta ga magungunan da ake dasu. A fannin kayan aiki, kamfanoni kamar Kebotix da kamfanin ExoMatter na Jamus suna amfani da ƙirar AI na tsinkaya don gano abubuwan haɓaka masana'antu, waɗanda suke ba da lasisi kai tsaye ga kamfanoni, wanda ke rage yawan keɓancewar ƙirƙira. Wadannan nau'ikan lokuta suna nuna cewa AI ba kawai yana hanzarta binciken kimiyya ba amma yana ƙarfafa gasa na waɗanda ke haɗa shi cikin ayyukan su.

Matsayin Spain da buƙatar haɗin kai

A cikin yuwuwar sigar Turai ta Ofishin Jakadancin Farawa, Spain na iya taka muhimmiyar rawaKasancewar manyan kayan aikin kwamfuta na duniya, kamar MareNostrum 5 a Barcelona, ​​​​yana sanya ƙasar a cikin matsayi mai fa'ida don zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan nodes na hanyar sadarwar AI ta Turai da ake amfani da su a kimiyya. Wannan zai ba wa ƙungiyoyin Spain da na Turai damar samun damar yin amfani da kayan aikin kwamfuta masu mahimmanci, masu mahimmanci don yin gasa tare da manyan ayyukan Amurka da China.

Koyaya, samun supercomputers bai isa ba. Babban kalubalen, kamar yadda masana da dama suka nuna, shine yadda ya kamata daidaita albarkatu, baiwa da damar kimiyyaTurai tana da manyan masu bincike, manyan jami'o'i da cibiyoyin fasaha na ma'auni, amma galibi tana fama da rarrabuwar kawuna, wuce gona da iri da matsaloli wajen canja wurin bincike daga dakin gwaje-gwaje zuwa bangaren samar da kayayyaki da saurin da gasar duniya ke bukata.

Dan jarida kuma masanin da'a na AI Idoya Salazar, Co-kafa na Observatory of Social and Ethical Impact of Artificial Intelligence (OdiseIA), ya nace cewa "zai zama rashin da'a kada a yi amfani da cikakken amfani" na AI amfani da bayanan Turai. Kamar yadda ta bayyana. Turai tana da ƙarfin fasaha, abubuwan more rayuwa, da kuma gadon ɗabi'a mai mahimmanci wanda zai iya zama tsari mai amfani don inganta ilimin kimiya mai nauyi. Amma don cimma wannan, in ji shi, ya zama dole a rage cikas da tsarin mulki wanda har yanzu ke hana ayyuka da yawa, da kuma yin fito na fito da AI da ke karfafa ingancin kimiyyar nahiyar.

Salazar da sauran ƙwararrun masana sun yi imanin cewa nasarar dabarun Turai ya dogara da agile tsarin mulkiiya daidaitawa da saurin da AI ke tasowa. Samfuran na yanzu, bisa tsarin al'ada sosai, suna haɗarin gazawa idan ba a sabunta su da sauri ba. A cikin yanayin da wakilan AI za su kasance masu cin gashin kansu wajen aiwatar da ayyuka masu rikitarwa, tsari da tsarin kulawa ba za su iya kasancewa koyaushe matakai da yawa a baya ba.

Zuwa ga manufa ta duniya, buɗe kuma ta hanyar dimokuradiyya

Ya bambanta da tsarin Amurka, wanda aka nuna ta hanyar tsakiya da jagorancin wasu manyan kamfanoni, yawancin masu bincike na Turai suna jayayya cewa aikin ilimin duniya bisa AI ya kamata ya kasance. budewa, haɗin kai, rarrabawa da haɗin kaiMaimakon megaplatform na ƙasa guda ɗaya, Sun himmatu ga hanyar sadarwa ta duniya da ta ƙunshi dakunan gwaje-gwaje, jami'o'i, cibiyoyin jama'a, da al'ummomin kimiyya raba bayanai a ƙarƙashin ma'auni gama gari da tsarin gudanarwa da aka rarraba.

Wannan samfurin zai dace da mafi kyau tare da al'adar Turai kimiyyar bude ido, kare hakkin hakkoki da sarrafa dimokiradiyyaManufar ba shine a watsar da buri ko sikelin ba, amma don gina wani madadin da ya haɗu da ikon AI tare da ingantacciyar kariya don bayyana gaskiya, sa ido, da rarraba fa'idodi daidai. Wannan yana nufin, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, cewa mahimman yanke shawara game da fifikon bincike, amfani da mahimman bayanai, ko tallace-tallacen sakamako bai kamata a bar su kaɗai a hannun ƙaramin rukunin kamfanoni ko gwamnati ɗaya ba.

Ba kamar tsarin Amurka ba, wanda mutane da yawa suka dauka a matsayin "komai ya tafi" inda Layukan ja ba koyaushe suke bayyana ba.Turai na da damar da za ta ba da wata hanya ta daban, ta zana a kan tsarin da ya dace da kuma al'adun da ke daraja ma'auni tsakanin bidi'a da hakkoki. Don cimma wannan, yunƙurin kimiyyar AI na Turai na gaba dole ne su buƙaci tsarin gaskiya, ganowa, da tsarin tantancewa, kuma dole ne ka'idodin wasan su hana buƙatu masu zaman kansu yin tasiri a kan ajanda na duniya.

A duka Amurka da Turai, mabuɗin zai zama hakan Bari mutane su ba da jagora, manufa, da tsarin ɗabi'a zuwa ga hankali na wucin gadi. Idan Ofishin Jakadancin Farawa ya ƙare aiki a matsayin wahayi ga sauran duniya don neman ƙarin buɗewa, alhakin, da haɗin gwiwar ayyukan AI na kimiyya, ɗan adam zai iya kasancewa a kan gaɓar tsalle mai inganci a cikin ikonsa na fahimta da canza gaskiya. Idan, a gefe guda, ya zama sabon alama na tattara iko da rashin daidaito wajen samun ilimi, haɗarin shine babban juyin fasaha na gaba zai bar mutane da yawa a baya fiye da yadda muke zato.

Alberto navarro

Ni mai sha'awar fasaha ne wanda ya mayar da sha'awar "geek" zuwa sana'a. Na shafe fiye da shekaru 10 na rayuwata ta yin amfani da fasaha mai mahimmanci da kuma yin amfani da kowane nau'i na shirye-shirye saboda tsantsar son sani. Yanzu na kware a fasahar kwamfuta da wasannin bidiyo. Wannan shi ne saboda sama da shekaru 5 ina yin rubutu a gidajen yanar gizo daban-daban kan fasaha da wasannin bidiyo, ina ƙirƙirar kasidu da ke neman ba ku bayanan da kuke buƙata cikin yaren da kowa zai iya fahimta.

Idan kuna da wasu tambayoyi, ilimina ya bambanta daga duk wani abu da ya shafi tsarin aiki na Windows da kuma Android don wayoyin hannu. Kuma alƙawarina shine a gare ku, koyaushe a shirye nake in yi ƴan mintuna kaɗan in taimaka muku warware duk wata tambaya da kuke da ita a duniyar Intanet.