Yadda ake Binciken Boot Windows tare da BootTrace: Cikakken Jagora tare da ETW, BootVis, BootRacer, da Gyaran Farawa

¿Yadda za a bincika boot ɗin Windows tare da BootTrace? Lokacin da PC ɗin ku ya ɗauki tsawon lokaci fiye da yadda ake tsammanin za a tada, yana yiwuwa wani abu a cikin tsarin farawa yana hana wannan. A cikin duniyar Windows, zamu iya kallon wannan tare da a BootTrace, ban da aunawa lokaci, keɓe rikice-rikice, kuma, idan ya cancanta, gyara mai ɗaukar kaya. Idan wannan ya yi kama da gibberish a gare ku, kada ku damu: akwai cikakkun kayan aikin da ke jagorantar ku mataki-mataki, daga kayan aikin tsofaffi waɗanda ke zana zane-zane zuwa binciken tsarin tsarin da ke duba kayan aikin.

A cikin wadannan Lines zan gaya muku, tare da m m, yadda za a yi nazarin farkon da dabaru na bin diddigin taron (ETW), Waɗanne shirye-shirye kamar BootVis suna ba da damar ganin ƙwanƙwasa da haɓakawa, yadda za a auna sakanni na ainihi tare da BootRacer, lokacin da yake da kyau don yin taya mai tsabta don nemo rikice-rikice na software, kuma idan duk ya kasa, yadda ake amfani da Windows RE tare da Bootrec.exe don gyara farawa. Hakanan za ku ga yadda ake gudanar da bincike na pre-boot da abin da za ku yi idan kun fuskanci saƙo kamar "ba a sami matsakaicin taya ba".

Menene BootTrace kuma me yasa zaku iya kulawa

BootTrace ba kome ba ne face yin rikodi, tare da daidaitaccen millimetric, abin da Windows ke yi daga lokacin da ka danna maɓallin wuta har sai ya bar ka a kan tebur. Wannan rikodin ya dogara ne akan iyawar Binciko abubuwan da suka faru don Windows (ETW), wanda ke kama ayyukan kwaya, direbobi, da sauran masu samar da taron yayin aikin taya.

Tunanin ba sihiri ba ne: alamar tana nuna muku wanda ke cin lokaci (dirabai, ayyuka, aikace-aikacen da suka fara da tsarin) don haka za ku iya yin aiki daidai. Hanya ce mai kima wacce ke amfani da ita data kasance kayan aikin sa ido, ba tare da buƙatar ƙirƙira wani sabon abu ba, kuma wanda ya cika da kyau tare da kayan aiki tare da ƙirar hoto don fassara bayanan.

A cikin wannan yanki akwai takamaiman zama mai suna "Logger na Duniya», wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don ɗaukar abubuwan da suka faru daga farko. Yana da kyau, amma yana da daraja a kiyaye iyakokinta: Ba duk abin da za a iya kamawa ba, kuma a kowane farashi, kuma ba da damar masu samarwa da yawa na iya (na ɗan lokaci) rage gudu yayin da aka rubuta alamar.

A cikin amfani na yau da kullun, haɗa alamar taya tare da ma'aunin lokaci da takalmi mai tsabta yana ba ku kyakkyawar taswira: da farko kun gani. inda ya makale tsarin, sannan ku auna tasirin canje-canjenku kuma, a ƙarshe, ta hanyar keɓance sabis na waje da shirye-shiryen za ku gano idan matsalar matsala ce ta software ko kuma direban da ba daidai ba ne.

Yi nazari da haɓaka farawa tare da BootVis

Daga cikin kayan aiki na yau da kullun, BootVis ya kasance na tsawon shekaru kayan aikin "gida" don ganin yadda takalman Windows ke aiki da matakin direba (Wannan jagorar akan Yadda za a hana Steam farawa ta atomatik akan Windows 11 Yana taimaka muku sanin abin da ke farawa lokacin da kuka shiga Windows). Tare da shi zaku iya lura da lokuta a cikin zane-zane, duba halayen direbobi kuma, ƙari, ƙaddamar da a ingantawa ta atomatikKo da yake ita tsohuwar soja ce, har yanzu tsarinta yana da amfani don fahimtar abin da ke faruwa a ƙarƙashin hular.

Hanyar asali, wanda aka bayyana a fili kuma tare da nuances na zamani, shine: kafa kayan aiki, gudanar da shi, kuma ƙirƙirar alamar taya. Don ƙarin bincike mai zurfi, za ku iya yin rikodin ba kawai boot ɗin ba amma har ma da ɗaukar nauyin direbobin tsarin.

1. Sauke kuma shigar da shirin kamar yadda aka saba. Lokacin da ka buɗe shi, za ka ga babban menu, inda aka ƙirƙiri alamar. Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa tsarin na iya yin tafiya a hankali kaɗan yayin kamawa. gaba ɗaya al'ada.
2. Je zuwa menu na fayil kuma zaɓi ƙirƙirar sabon alamar taya: zaɓuɓɓuka kamar "Boot na gaba" ko "Next Boot + Drivers" (ƙarshen don ƙarin cikakkun bayanai masu kula).
3. Bayan tabbatarwa, za ku ga ƙidaya: na'urar za ta sake yin aiki don fara ɗauka daga farkon aikin taya, yana barin alamar ta cika.
4. Yayin sake kunnawa, kayan aiki zai tafi abubuwan rikodi na kernel, ayyuka, da direbobi. Kada ku firgita idan ya ɗauki ɗan lokaci kaɗan fiye da yadda aka saba; yana adana bayanai.
5. Da zarar Windows yayi lodi, BootVis zai nuna hotuna tare da lokutan da aka tattara. Kuna iya ɗaukar lokacinku a can: gano hanyoyin tafiyar hawainiya, direbobi waɗanda ke rage lodawa, da sabis ɗin da yakamata a kashe.
6. Lokacin da kuka gama bita, gwada fasalin "Haɓaka Tsari" a cikin menu na ganowa. Mai amfani yana sake tsarawa kuma yana ba da fifiko ga bangaren loading don inganta lokutan farawa.
7. Sake kunnawa idan an buƙata kuma a sake aunawa. Manufar ita ce bincika idan farawa ya yi sauri bayan ingantawa kuma, idan ba haka ba, da hannu magance duk wani matsala da aka gano.

Hanya ɗaya don tabbatar da canjin ita ce kwatanta yanayin "kafin" da "bayan" yanayin. A baya, ko da a kan kwamfutoci masu sassaucin ra'ayi (misali, Pentium 4 GHz 1,4 tare da 512 MB na RAM), haɓaka ya kasance sananne. A yau, tare da kayan aiki na zamani, gefe sau da yawa batun cirewa ne software ballast da sarrafa direbobin da suka makale a boot.

Auna ainihin lokacin taya tare da BootRacer

Abu ɗaya ne don duba graphs, amma wani don saita lokaci don ganin tsawon lokacin da za a ɗauka don isa ga allon shiga da tebur. Don haka, BootRacer ƙaramin aboki ne wanda ke gaya muku daƙiƙa nawa kuke kashewa akan kowane lokacin taya kuma yana adana su. tarihin aunawa don haka zaku iya kwatanta sakamako bayan canje-canje.

Ƙarfinsa sun haɗa da auna lokacin lodawa da lokacin samun damar tebur, yin rikodin karatu akan tsarin, bayar da sauƙi mai sauƙi, da ba da damar gwajin a cikin "Marar ganuwa». A matsayin maƙasudai, kar a yi tsammanin zane-zane masu ban mamaki, fitarwar bayanai ba ta fi dacewa a duniya ba kuma Fassara yana iya zama ɗan ingantawa.

Yana da sauƙi don amfani: zazzage shi (misali, daga gidan yanar gizo sananne) kuma shigar da shi. Bayan ƙaddamar da farko, za ku iya gudanar da "Full Boot Test" don yin cikakken ma'auni. Mayen zai sa ka sake farawa: danna "Fara Gwaji" kuma bari PC ta ci gaba da zagayowar. Sannan zai ba da shawarar "Tsaftataccen Boot Gwajin" don auna tsaftataccen taya, ba tare da shirye-shiryen farawa da aka saba ba, da kwatanta. Dukansu suna buƙata sake farawa a jere, amma ana yin su a cikin walƙiya.

1. Farawa: Zaɓi "Cikakken Gwajin Boot" don auna daidaitaccen taya. Tsarin zai sake yin aiki ta atomatik, kuma app ɗin zai yi rikodin lokuta masu mahimmanci.
2. Yanayi mai tsabta: Bayan rukunin farko, zaɓi "Tsaftace Gwajin Boot" don maimaita ma'auni tare da taya "tsabta". Danna "Fara Gwaji" kuma bar shi yayi aikin.
3. Sakamako: Yi amfani da "Duba Sakamako" don duba ma'auni biyu da "Neman Slowdown" don gane isowa a tebur.

A ƙarshe, zaku ga jimlar ku da lokutan raba ku, mafi kyawun lokacinku, da abubuwan farawa waɗanda suka fi azabtarwa. Tare da wannan bayanin, yana da sauƙin yanke shawara. abin da za a kashe a ƙasa ko kuma idan takalma mai tsabta yana da daraja don ƙara ware matsalar.

Tsaftace taya a cikin Windows 10 da 11 don farautar rikici

Matsalar Windows na zamani na iya zama mai rikitarwa ta hanyar haɗar direbobi, saituna, da shirye-shiryen da ke tare. A"takalma mai tsabta» cikakke ne don kawar da rikice-rikice na software: Windows yana farawa ne kawai da mahimman ayyukansa da direbobi, yana barin sauran.

Yi haka a cikin Windows 10 ko 11: Buɗe bincike daga maɓallin Fara, rubuta "msconfig," kuma je zuwa Tsarin Tsarin. A shafin Sabis, zaɓi "Boye duk ayyukan Microsoft" sannan ka danna "Musaki duk." A kan Farawa shafin, buɗe Task Manager kuma kashe shirye-shiryen farawa masu tuhuma; rufe shi kuma tabbatar da Ok. Daga karshe, sake kunna kwamfutar.

1. Danna-dama Fara> Bincike> rubuta "msconfig" kuma danna Shigar don buɗe Tsarin Tsarin.
2. Je zuwa "Sabis," zaɓi "Boye duk sabis na Microsoft," sannan zaɓi "Kashe duk" don kashe sabis na ɓangare na uku.
3. Je zuwa "Fara" kuma danna "Buɗe Task Manager." Nemo shirye-shiryen farawa waɗanda za su iya yin kutse kuma danna "A kashe." Maimaita ga duk wasu da kuke la'akari. matsala.
4. Rufe Task Manager (X), komawa zuwa taga Tsarin Kanfigareshan, sannan danna Ok. Sake kunnawa

Lokacin da kake son maido da dabi'un al'ada, maimaita tsarin a baya: koma zuwa "msconfig", a ƙarƙashin Sabis ɗin duba "Boye duk ayyukan Microsoft" kuma wannan lokacin zaɓi "Enable all". Sannan, sake kunna shirye-shiryen farawa daga Task Manager (waɗanda kuke buƙata kawai) kuma sake farawa. Ta wannan hanyar za ku dawo da tsarin. saba farawa ba tare da rasa iko ba.

1. Bude “msconfig”> Sabis> “Boye duk ayyukan Microsoft”> “Kuna kunna duka” kuma cire alamar sabis ɗin da kuka gano yana da rikici.
2. A cikin "Fara"> "Buɗe Task Manager", sake kunna shirye-shiryen farawa tare da "Enable" bisa ga bukatun ku.
3. Rufe komai kuma tabbatar da "Ok". A ƙarshe, danna "Sake farawa" don amfani da canje-canje kuma tabbatar da cewa kuskuren bai sake bayyana ba. rikici.

Gyara matsalolin farawa mai tsanani tare da Windows RE da Bootrec.exe

Idan kwamfutarka ba za ta shiga cikin Windows kwata-kwata ba, za ka iya amfani da Muhalli na Farko (Windows RE). Na farko, gwada Gyaran farawaIdan hakan bai magance matsalar ba ko kuma kuna buƙatar shiga tsakani da hannu, matsa kan kayan aikin Bootrec.exe, wanda ke gyara MBR, sashin boot, da ajiyar BCD.

Don zuwa Bootrec.exe: Boot daga shigarwa DVD/USB don nau'in Windows ɗin ku (misali, Windows 7 ko Vista), zaɓi yarenku da shimfidar madannai, danna "Gyara kwamfutarka," sannan zaɓi tsarin aiki da kuke son gyarawa. A cikin Zaɓuɓɓukan farfadowa da na'ura, je zuwa "Command Prompt" kuma rubuta bootrec.exe.

1. Tara daga kafofin watsa labarai na shigarwa, danna maɓalli lokacin da aka sa, kuma zaɓi yaren ku, lokaci/kuɗin ku, da hanyar shigarwa kafin ci gaba da "Na gaba."
2. Danna "Gyara kwamfutarka," zaɓi shigarwar Windows da aka yi niyya, sannan buɗe "Command Prompt."
3. Gudun Bootrec.exe kuma yi amfani da zaɓuɓɓukan da suka dace kamar yadda ya dace: za ku ga cewa kowane siga ya ƙunshi buƙatu daban-daban na taya.

Zaɓuɓɓuka masu mahimmanci daga Bootrec.exe:

• /FixMbr: Yana rubuta MBR mai dacewa da nau'in Windows na yanzu ba tare da taɓa teburin ɓangaren ba. Yi amfani da wannan don lalata MBRs ko don cire lambar da ba ta dace ba daga MBR.
• /FixBoot- Yana haifar da sabon sashin taya mai jituwa. Yi amfani da wannan idan sashin boot ɗinku ya lalace, idan an maye gurbinsa da wanda bai dace ba, ko kuma idan, bayan shigar da Windows na zamani, kwamfutarku tana ƙoƙarin farawa da NTLDR maimakon. bootmgr.
• /ScanOs: Neman shigarwar Windows masu jituwa akan duk faifai kuma yana nuna waɗanda ba a jera su a cikin shagon BCD ba. Da amfani sosai lokacin shigarwa"fades tafi» daga menu na taya.
• /Sake gina Bcd: Bincike, yana ba ku damar zaɓar kayan aiki, da sake gina BCD gaba ɗaya. Idan sake ginawa bai isa ba don gyara kuskuren "Bace Bootmgr", zaku iya fitarwa da share BCD kuma zata sake farawa. /Sake gina Bcd don tilasta cikakkiyar nishaɗin sa.

Muhimmi: Don taya daga DVD/USB, saita BIOS/UEFI don saita waccan kafofin watsa labarai azaman na'urar taya ta farko. Idan baku san yadda ake yin wannan ba, tuntuɓi takaddun kwamfutarka ko tuntuɓi masana'anta. Wannan matakin farko yana da mahimmanci don samun dama Windows RE kuma kunna Bootrec.exe.

Pre-boot diagnostics: hardware cak

Kafin zargi Windows, yana da kyau a duba kayan aikin ku tare da gwaje-gwajen riga-kafi. Yawancin masana'antun sun haɗa da tsarin bincike wanda za ku iya aiki ko da lokacin da tsarin aiki ba zai yi lodi ba. A cikin yanayin Dell, kayan aikin bincike SupportAssist Pre-Boot yana ba da “Gwajin Saurin” da “Babban Gwajin” tare da tabbataccen sakamako da matakai na gaba.

Bayan kammala gwajin sauri, zaku ga zaɓuɓɓuka biyu: komai daidai ne ko kuma an gano kuskure. Idan duk gwaje-gwajen sun wuce, zaku iya bincika lambar QR don ƙarin bayani, fita tare da "EXIT" don sake kunnawa, ko samun damar "CIGABA DA TEST" don gudanar da takamaiman gwaji. Idan kuskuren hardware ya bayyana, za ku sami hanyoyin haɗi zuwa labarai tare da mafita, zaɓi don ba da rahoton matsalar ta hanyar lambar QR da hanyar yin rajistar shari'ar tare da alamar sabis ɗinku, lambar kuskure, da lambar tabbatarwa.

A cikin gwaji na ci gaba, tsoho yawanci shine "Zaɓi duka." Idan kuna son gwada takamaiman wani abu, cire alamar akwatin kuma zaɓi gwaje-gwajen da kuke sha'awar kawai. Don ƙarin nazari mai zurfi, kunna "Thorough mode" kuma danna "RUN TEST." Bayanan kula akan kwamfyutoci: ana iya buƙatar hulɗar mai amfani yayin gwajin LCD. Bayan kammalawa, idan komai yayi kyau, zaku iya komawa zuwa Quick Start ko fita; idan ba haka ba, za ku ga sakon da ke bayyana wanne bangare. Falla da yadda za a ci gaba.

Waɗannan abubuwan amfani kuma suna nuna ƙarin bayani a cikin shafuka kamar "Bayanin Tsari" (Tsarin, Matsayi/Health da Firmware) da tarihin "Logs" tare da sakamakon gwaje-gwajen da suka gabataBinciko waɗannan sassan yana taimaka muku fahimtar gabaɗayan matsayin kayan aikin ku da batutuwan daftarin aiki don tallafin fasaha.

Dangane da iyaka, waɗannan kayan aikin masana'antun yawanci suna rufe kewayon tebur, hasumiya, AIO, da kwamfutocin kwamfyutoci. A cikin sararin samaniyar Dell, alal misali, zaku iya tsammanin dacewa da iyalai kamar Alienware, Dell All-in-One, Dell Pro (gami da Plus, Max, Premium, da Rugged bambance-bambancen), Inspiron, Latitude, OptiPlex, Vostro, XPS, gami da ƙayyadaddun wuraren aiki na wayar hannu, da saiti. masu sana'a takamaiman (kamar jerin XE da nau'ikan Micro, Slim, Tower da ƙari daban-daban). Jerin yana da tsawo, amma ra'ayin iri ɗaya ne: pre-system diagnostics don kawar da matsalolin jiki.

Lokacin da "Ba a sami kafofin watsa labarai na boot" ya bayyana

Yana iya faruwa: ka kashe shi, kunna shi, kuma kwamfutar tana nuna sako kamar "ba a sami boot media ba." Bayan ƴan yunƙuri, yana yin takalma akai-akai, kuma an bar ku kuna mamaki. Yana da sauƙi a yi tunanin cewa canjin sanyi a cikin rukunin zane (misali, iyakance FPS a cikin rukunin kula da GPU ɗinku) ya haifar da gazawar, amma sau da yawa fiye da haka, wannan saƙon yana da alaƙa da oda BIOS/UEFI, gano faifai na wucin gadi, ko mai haɗawa wanda baya yin hulɗa mai kyau.

Idan wannan ya faru da ku, ya kamata ku bincika cewa faifan tsarin ya fara bayyana a cikin tsarin taya, cewa an gane injin ɗin daidai, kuma babu wani na'urorin waje da ke fifikon "sata". Hakanan yana da kyau a gudanar da a gwajin hardware tsarin (kamar waɗanda aka ambata) don tabbatar da cewa ajiyar yana da lafiya. Daga can, idan matsalar ta ci gaba, yana da kyau a yi amfani da takalma mai tsabta don kawar da software kuma, a ƙarshe, je zuwa. bootrec.exe daga Windows RE.

Nasiha mai amfani don inganta farawa mara zafi

Baya ga kayan aiki, akwai halaye da ke taimakawa. Guji samun shirye-shirye da yawa a farawa: yawancin masu sakawa suna ƙara abubuwan zama waɗanda ba su ba da gudummawar komai don farawa. Yin amfani da BootRacer don aunawa, sannan kuma takalmi mai tsabta da duban hannu a cikin Mai sarrafa Aiki, yawanci yana ba da saurin dawowa. karamin ƙoƙari.

Idan kuna binciken wani lamari mai rikitarwa, musanya tsakanin bincike da aiki: kama alamar taya (BootTrace) don ganin matsalar da gaske; gudu BootVis ingantawa don samun "kyauta" seconds; auna ainihin tasiri tare da BootRacer; kuma a ƙarshe, tsaftace sabis da shirye-shirye na ɓangare na uku don tabbatar da cewa matsalar ba a rikici Idan kun gano ɓangarori na taya ko BCDs, haɓaka zuwa Windows RE tare da Bootrec.exe ba tare da bata lokaci ba.

A kan kwamfutoci masu alamar da ke da kayan aikin bincike, kar a raina pre-boot: yana ceton ku lokaci idan akwai gazawar ƙirar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, faifai tare da ɓangarori marasa kyau, ko baturin kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka wanda ke shafar aiki. A ƙarshe, ingantawa abu ɗaya ne, kuma gyara abin da ya karye: ba tare da kayan aikin lafiya ba, duk wani haɓaka zai zama walƙiya a cikin kwanon rufi.

Lokacin da kake shirye don rubuta shari'ar (don kanka ko don tallafi), lura da lokacin taya kafin da bayan, takamaiman matakai (abin da kuka kashe kuma a cikin wane tsari), lambobin kuskuren bincike, da kuma ko kun gudu / FixMbr, / FixBoot, / ScanOs, ko / RebuildBcd. Wannan ganowa yana ceton ku daga maimaita gwaje-gwaje kuma yana ba ku haske. Clara me ya yi aiki da gaske.

Tare da tsari mai tsari-bincike takalmi tare da ETW, dubawa na gani tare da BootVis, aunawa tare da BootRacer, taya mai tsabta don ware, gyara tare da Bootrec.exe lokacin da ya cancanta, da binciken tsarin tsarin-yana yiwuwa a fahimta da inganta farawa Windows ba tare da yin hauka ba. Tare da waɗannan guda, zaku iya ganowa inda kuke bata lokaci PC ɗinku, yi amfani da gyare-gyare cikin adalci kuma ku tabbatar da bayanai idan abubuwa suna samun gyaruwa, wanda shine mahimmanci.

Labari mai dangantaka:

BitLocker yana neman kalmar sirri a duk lokacin da kuka yi boot: ainihin dalilai da yadda ake guje mata

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