Sanin abubuwan da ke cikin motherboard da yadda yake aiki yana da matukar amfani wajen gina kwamfuta ko maye gurbin kayan masarufi. Wannan sinadari kuma ana kiranta da motherboard, da Ana amfani dashi don haɗa duk sauran sassan kayan aiki. A cikin wannan shigarwa za mu gano kowanne daga cikin sassan da ke cikin motherboard da aikinsa.
Babban abubuwan da motherboard
Lokacin da muka bincika hardware hardware, mun sami wani muhimmin yanki don aikinsa: motherboard. Wannan hadedde katin da'ira ne ke da alhakin haɗi da ba da damar sadarwa tsakanin duk sauran sassan tsarin. Ita kuma ana kiranta da motherboard, kuma ita ce babba kuma mafi muhimmanci a kowace kwamfuta.
Za mu iya tunanin motherboard a matsayin a dandalin tsakiya inda aka haɗa sauran kayan aikin. Na'ura mai sarrafawa, memories, ma'ajiyar kayan aiki, katunan fadadawa da sauran kayan aiki suna hawa a wurin. Idan ba tare da motherboard ba, ɗayan abubuwan haɗin gwiwar ba za su iya yin hulɗa da juna yadda ya kamata ba.
Bugu da kari, ya kamata a lura da cewa Ƙaƙƙarfan iyawa da ƙayyadaddun iyaka na kwamfuta an ƙaddara su ta hanyar halayen motherboard. Misali, an ƙera motherboards don dacewa da wasu nau'ikan na'urori masu sarrafawa. Hakanan, suna goyan bayan nau'in musamman kuma suna iya tallafawa matsakaicin adadin RAM.
Adadin masu haɗawa (na ciki da waje) da kuma zaɓin faɗaɗawa su ma motherboard suna ƙaddara. Don haka, lokacin zabar motherboard dole ne ku kimanta abubuwan da kuke buƙata na yanzu da na gaba. Ta wannan hanyar, an tabbatar da hakan kwamfutar za ta iya canzawa kuma ta dace da sababbin abubuwa da fasaha.
processor soket
Daya daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da uwa uba uwa uba shine socket din processor, wanda kuma aka sani da soket. Wannan rukunin shine inda ake sanya processor ko CPU. ta yadda zai yi mu’amala da motherboard. Kamar yadda kuka riga kuka sani, CPU (Central Processing Unit) ita ce kwakwalwar kwamfuta ta gaskiya, wacce ke da alhakin aiwatar da duk umarnin.
Kamar yadda muka fada a baya. An ƙera allon allo don dacewa da wasu nau'ikan na'urori masu sarrafawa. Misali, motherboard Asus ROG Strix Z690-E Yana da soket na LGA 1700 wanda ya dace da na'urori na Intel na ƙarni na 12 kamar i9-12900K.
Babban adadin tafiyar matakai da ke faruwa a cikin CPU yana sa wannan kashi yayi zafi. Don haka, Socket yawanci ya haɗa da tsarin sanyaya, wanda zai iya haɗawa da magoya baya, heatsinks, da garkuwar zafi. Katunan zane da sauran kayan aikin uwa-uba suma yawanci suna da tsarin sanyaya.
Ramin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya
Kusa da soket ɗin akwai ramukan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, wani babban kayan aikin motherboard. Ana saka ƙwaƙwalwar RAM cikin waɗannan ramummuka., alhakin adana bayanai na ɗan lokaci don inganta aikin kayan aiki. Yawancin ramukan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, mafi girman adadin RAM da za a iya sakawa, har zuwa iyakar da masana'anta suka kafa.
Waɗannan ramummuka suna da siriri, siffa mai tsayi, tare da tsarin kulle don riƙe abubuwan tunawa. Tsarin ramin yana ƙayyade nau'in ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da za a iya shigar (DDR3, DDR4, DDR5), wanda hakan yana rinjayar saurin gudu da ƙarfin tsarin duka.
Chipset tsakanin abubuwan da ke cikin motherboard
Ko da yake ba a iya gani fiye da sauran abubuwan da ke cikin motherboard, kwakwalwar kwakwalwar wani bangare ne na asali. Yana da a saitin kwakwalwan kwamfuta ko na'urorin lantarki waɗanda ke taimaka wa na'ura mai sarrafawa, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, da sauran abubuwan haɗin gwiwa don canja wurin bayanai. Tare, waɗannan kwakwalwan kwamfuta suna aiki kamar dai na'ura ce da aka haɗa a cikin motherboard.
Chipset ya kasu kashi biyu: Northbridge (arewa gada) da kuma Southbridge (gadan kudu). Sashi na farko yana kula da sadarwa tsakanin CPU, RAM da graphics card. A nata bangaren, gadar kudu tana gudanar da sadarwa tare da sauran na'urori da na'urorin ajiya.
Kujerun fadada
Ramin faɗaɗa suna kama da ramukan ƙwaƙwalwa, amma an yi nufin su saka katunan fadada (graphics, sauti, cibiyar sadarwa, da dai sauransu). Ana kiran waɗannan ramummuka da PCIe (Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙaƙwalwa) ko bayyana haɗin haɗin gwiwa.
Duk mahaifiyar kwamfuta suna da ramummuka na PCIe, amma waɗannan ba koyaushe ake amfani da su ba. Allon allo sun riga sun sami haɗe-haɗe da zane-zane, sauti da abubuwan cibiyar sadarwa. Duk da haka, waɗanda suke buƙatar haɓaka waɗannan damar, irin su 'yan wasa ko masu zane-zane, sun ƙare amfani da ramummuka don ƙara katunan fadada.
Wadannan sassa na motherboard Sun zo da girma daban-daban da ƙimar saurin gudu: x1, x2, x4, x8, x16. Kowane samfurin yana da bandwidth daban-daban, tare da ramin tare da mafi yawan hanyoyi shine wanda ke da mafi girman bandwidth.
Masu haɗin ajiya
A cikin abubuwan da ke cikin motherboard akwai na'urorin haɗi, kamar su SATA (Serial ATA) da M.2 tashar jiragen ruwa. Ana amfani da tashoshin jiragen ruwa na SATA don haɗa faifai na ajiya: Hard Drives, ƙwararrun faifan jihohi da masu karatu na gani. A nasu bangaren, ramukan M.2 an tsara su ne don saka raka'o'in ajiya na SSD, kama da ingantattun abubuwan tafiyar da jihar amma da sauri.
Mai haɗa wutar lantarki
Ba tare da masu haɗin wuta ba, babu ɗayan abubuwan da ke kan motherboard da zai iya aiki. Wadannan masu haɗawa Suna da alhakin karɓar wutar lantarki daga tushen wutar lantarki. Suna da ƙira na musamman da kuma daban-daban don yin sauƙi da fahimta kamar yadda zai yiwu don gano su da yin haɗi ba tare da kurakurai ba.
Babban haɗin wutar lantarki akan motherboards yawanci shine 24-pin ATX, wanda ke ɗaukar ƙarfin lantarki na 3.5v, 5v da 12v. Akwai kuma masu haɗin haɗin gwiwa, ana amfani da shi don ɗaukar wuta zuwa wasu abubuwa, kamar CPU. Sauran tashoshin jiragen ruwa ne kusa da fadada ramummuka kuma ana amfani da su don ƙarfafa katunan zane-zane da aka keɓe da sauran ƙarin abubuwan haɗin gwiwa.
External bangaren tashar jiragen ruwa na motherboard
Tashar jiragen ruwa na waje duka ne waje motherboard haši, na baya da gaba. Sun haɗa da tashar shigarwa/fitarwa kamar tashoshin USB, Ethernet, abubuwan sauti, HDMI, DisplayPort da sauransu. Ana amfani da su don haɗa kowane nau'i na kayan aiki, daga madannai da linzamin kwamfuta zuwa na'urorin ajiya na waje da ƙari.
Tun ina karama ina sha'awar duk wani abu da ya shafi ci gaban kimiyya da fasaha, musamman wadanda ke saukaka rayuwarmu da nishadantarwa. Ina son ci gaba da sabuntawa tare da sabbin labarai da abubuwan da ke faruwa, da raba abubuwan da na gani, ra'ayoyi da shawarwari game da kayan aiki da na'urori da nake amfani da su. Wannan ya sa na zama marubucin gidan yanar gizo sama da shekaru biyar da suka wuce, na fi mayar da hankali kan na’urorin Android da tsarin aiki na Windows. Na koyi bayanin abin da ke da rikitarwa a cikin kalmomi masu sauƙi don masu karatu su fahimci shi cikin sauƙi.