Cikakken jagora don dacewa da tsofaffin wasanni akan Windows na zamani

Nostalgia yana yin zafi sosai lokacin da kuke ƙoƙarin ƙaddamar da wasan gargajiya akan PC na zamani kuma ku sami saƙon "Wannan aikace-aikacen ba za a iya sarrafa shi akan kwamfutarka ba". A cikin wannan jagorar za ku samu Duk hanyoyi masu amfani don buɗe tsoffin wasanni da aikace-aikace a cikin Windows 10 da 11, daga ginannen saitunan daidaitawa zuwa zurfin kwaikwaya tare da simintin retro hardware.

Kafin mu fara, yana da mahimmanci mu fahimci dalilin da ya sa: canje-canje na gine-gine (daga 16/32 zuwa 64 bits), direbobin da ba su da amfani, APIs da aka manta da su (kamar Glide), da kuma Tsohon DRM kamar SafeDisc ko SecuROM Suna dagula abubuwa. Duk da haka, tare da kayan aikin da suka dace da ɗan haƙuri, yawancin lakabi na yau da kullun za a iya dawo dasu ba tare da yin asara a cikin limbo na dijital ba. Bari mu fara da cikakke Jagoran dacewa don tsofaffin wasanni akan Windows na zamani.

Da farko, yi amfani da mayen da yanayin dacewa da Windows.

Windows ya hada da tsarin dacewa aikace-aikace wanda "ya yi kama" a matsayin nau'ikan tsarin da suka gabata, yana daidaita sigogin hoto kuma yana aiwatar da gyare-gyare na gama gari don haɓaka damar yin booting.

Don gwada shi, danna-dama akan executable ko gajeriyar hanyar sa, sannan shigar Properties > Daidaitawa kuma zaɓi "Gudanar da wannan shirin a yanayin dacewa don" ta zaɓar nau'in (daga Windows 95 zuwa Windows 8). A cikin Windows 11 tsari iri ɗaya ne, tare da wannan shafin da zaɓuɓɓuka.

Baya ga yanayin, akwai wasu saitunan masu amfani da ake samu lokacin da wasan ya fara amma baya nunawa ko yin daidai. Daga cikin mafi inganci akwai: Rage yanayin launi, 640 × 480, Kashe haɓakar cikakken allo, Run a matsayin shugaba, Yi rijista wannan shirin don sake farawa y Canja saitin DPI mai girma don gyara kayan tarihi na gani akan masu saka idanu na yanzu.

Idan baku san inda za ku fara ba, latsa "Gudun matsalar mai dacewa"Wannan mayen yana nazarin abubuwan aiwatarwa kuma yana ba da shawarar daidaitawa na yau da kullun don sanannun lokuta, adana gwaji da kuskure.

Hanyoyi masu sauri waɗanda ke magance matsaloli da yawa

Kafin shiga cikin hadaddun kwaikwayo, gwada abubuwan yau da kullun: kashe azaman mai gudanarwa (danna dama> Gudu azaman mai gudanarwa), sabunta graphics da sauti direbobi y shigar da DirectX End-User Runtimes Tallafin Microsoft don tsofaffin ɗakunan karatu waɗanda wasanni da yawa ke buƙata.

Wani kati na daji shine PCGamingWiki, tushen ilimin al'umma da aka kiyaye tare da faci, ƙayyadaddun gyare-gyare, sigogin saki, mafita mai faɗi, da bayanin kula akan nau'ikan kantin sayar da dijital. Nemo wasan ku a can kafin ku rikitar da abubuwa. tare da wasu hanyoyin.

Don taken 3D daga ƙarshen 90s da farkon 2000s, yi la'akari da abubuwan rufewa waɗanda ke fassara tsoffin APIs zuwa na zamani: dgVoodoo2 (Glide da DirectX har zuwa 8.1), nGlide (Glide don 3dfx) ko DxWnd (ƙarfafa yanayin taga, launi daidai, ƙudurin sikelin). Tasirinsa akan kwanciyar hankali da inganci yawanci nan take..

Idan kun fi son ciwon kai, yi la'akari da siyan bugu da aka riga aka yi a GOG.com (yawanci suna zuwa faci, tare da haɗin DOSBox idan ya cancanta) ko akan Steam tare da gyare-gyare na hukuma/na hukuma. Ita ce hanya mafi kai tsaye zuwa wasa ba tare da gwagwarmaya da saiti ba..

Dalilan fasaha na rashin daidaituwa (da kuma yadda ake rage su)

64-bit tsarin ba su yarda 16-bit binary Haka kuma baya tallafawa direbobin gado; Windows 10/11 yana amfani da WOW64 don tsarin 32-bit, amma anan ne ya tsaya. Shi ya sa wasu wasannin ke buƙatar masu sakawa ko ɗakunan karatu 16-bit. Ba sa farawa ba tare da taimako baBugu da ƙari, canje-canje a cikin sarrafa ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, tsaro, da direbobi suna karya zato na tsohuwar software.

Dangane da zane-zane, APIs da direbobi sun samo asali: Glide da DirectX 5/6/7 Ba sa karɓar tallafi na asali, kuma ƙima zuwa 4:3 akan masu saka idanu mai faɗi ya zama gurɓatacce. Wannan shi ne inda [waɗannan suka zo cikin wasa]. wrappers, fadi da faci (Fakitin Gyaran Madaidaicin Fakitin, Faɗin Maɗaukaki mara lahani) kuma yana gudana a cikin taga tare da sarrafawa mai sarrafawa.

Dangane da sauti, haɓaka kayan aikin DirectSound3D baya wanzu kamar haka. Wasu wasannin suna haɓaka ta hanyar kashe wannan haɓakar (idan sun yarda) ko ta amfani da su mafita kamar Creative ALchemy don taswira zuwa OpenAL. Sabunta direbobi Ya kasance wajibi.

Gudun yana kuma yaudara: Kwamfutocin zamani na iya gudanar da wasanni cikin sauƙi idan sun daidaita ta hanyar hawan CPU. Wannan iyaka... FPS tare da RTSS (RivaTuner Statistics Server) kuma, a cikin taken DOS, daidaita hawan keke a DOSBox. Sarrafa lokacin yana hana guduwar kimiyyar lissafi da rayarwa.

Yadda ake gudanar da wasannin MS-DOS: DOSBox mataki-mataki

Don taken DOS kawai, hanya mafi kyau ita ce DOSBoxKoyi ne na kyauta wanda ke sake ƙirƙirar yanayin DOS da aminci. Da zarar an shigar, buɗe shi daga menu na Fara kuma za ku ga na'urar wasan bidiyo ta gargajiya tana jiran umarni.

Don samun dama ga wasannin ku, kuna buƙatar "haɗa" babban fayil a kan PC ɗinku azaman rumbun kwamfutarka. Misali, don amfani da C:\DOOM, gudu mount c c:\DOOM sannan ya canza da C:. Tare da DIR Za ku jera fayiloli kuma, don aiki, rubuta sunan .EXE. Yana da sauƙi, sauri, kuma mai dacewa sosai..

Ka tuna, muna magana ne game da kwaikwaya: ƙila a sami bambance-bambancen sauti ko sauri idan ba ku daidaita Siga mai kyau ba, amma dacewa yana da kyau. Don sauƙaƙe abubuwa, gwada gaba-gaba kamar DBGL ko D-Fend Sake lodi, wanda ke tsara bayanan martaba da gajerun hanyoyi. Rufe DOSBox yana da sauƙi kamar danna X akan taga..

Idan kuna son madadin, jDosbox (dangane da Java) da vDOS Hakanan suna gudanar da software na MS-DOS da kyau akan Windows 64-bit, kuma FreeDOS yana ba ku damar SATA TSOHUWAR PC KO VM DOS KAWAI tare da tabbataccen sakamako.

Lokacin da yanayin dacewa bai isa ba: 86Box + gaba-gaba

Wasannin Windows 95/98/ME da ke adawa da DOSBox da yanayin dacewa galibi ana farfadowa da su 86Box, wanda ke kwaikwayi ƙananan kwamfutoci daga 80s har zuwa dandamali tare da bas ɗin PCI/AGP, gami da chipsets, BIOS, graphics da 3dfx katunan tare da kwaikwayi goyon bayan SLIWannan ya zarce kwaikwayo na VirtualBox/VMware cikin dacewa da software na lokacin.

Kodayake ana sarrafa 86Box ta hanyar layin umarni, ana samun ƙofofin gaba na hoto don sauƙaƙe amfani da shi. A tarihi WinBox Ya shahara sosai, kuma a yau ya fito fili. Avalonia86, mafi zamani da kuma rayayye masu tasowa. Dukansu suna sauƙaƙa ƙirƙira da daidaita injunan bege tare da dannawa biyu kawai..

Lokacin da ka fara ƙarshen gaba, idan bai gano 86Box ba, zai ba da damar zazzage ainihin ta atomatik. Yana da al'ada don wannan ya ɗauki ɗan lokaci kaɗan. Jira shi ya ƙare kuma za ku sami tushe a shirye don ƙirƙirar VMsIdan a kowane lokaci ba za ku iya samun binaries a cikin ma'ajiyar hukuma ba, nemi ingantattun madubai ko tattara daga lambar tushe na aikin.

Ƙirƙirar na'ura mai mahimmanci yana da sauƙi kamar sunansa, zabar babban fayil, da zaɓin dandamali. Misali, don Windows 95, haɗin gama gari shine 486 tare da PCI sannan a hada katin zane kamar Voodoo 1 (S3 Trio shima yana da kyau idan kuna son wani abu na asali). Kataloji na motherboards, chipsets, da katunan yana da girma..

Shigar da Windows 95/98 akan 86Box (dabarun ceton lokaci)

Zazzage tsarin ISO na tsarin (misali, Windows 95 OSR2 in Spanish) daga sanannun wuraren adanawa. Hana ISO azaman CD-ROM a cikin VM, amma ku tuna da daki-daki daga wannan zamanin: Kuna buƙatar faifan taya ta yadda mai sakawa ya gano faifan CD ɗin.

Boot daga waccan faifan floppy kuma, don sauƙaƙe ganowa, canza ƙirar CD-ROM a cikin tsarin 86Box zuwa ɗaya daga cikin alamar. NEC akan tashar IDE na biyu (0:1)floppy disk yawanci ya haɗa da direbobin NEC, wanda ke adana ciwon kai a farkon. Bayan loda direban, drive ɗin zai bayyana (misali, D:).

Tare da yanayin da aka shirya, lokaci yayi da za a shirya faifai: shigar da BIOS idan ya cancanta don bincika cewa ya gano HDD kuma saita taya zuwa A:. Boot daga faifan floppy, gudu FDISK don ƙirƙirar bangare na farko (ya yarda manyan fayafai (idan ya tambaye ku), sake farawa kuma tsara tare da tsarin c:. Lura cewa tare da shimfidar madannai na Amurka: ana buga colon da SHIFT+Ñ.

Za ka iya yanzu canza zuwa CD drive (misali D:) da kuma kaddamar da installer (a kan wasu kafofin watsa labarai umarnin ne SAURARADaga nan, shine mayen Windows 95 na yau da kullun: zaɓi abubuwan da aka gyara, shigar da maɓallin asali naku, sannan ku ci gaba. Don sauƙaƙe, yi amfani da Sauti Blaster 16 da katin zane wanda Windows ke ganowa ba tare da matsala ba..

Da zarar cikin tsarin, shigar da direbobin Voodoo idan kuna shirin kunna taken Glide. Ayyukan 86Box yana da kyau sosai, amma Ƙarfin ƙarfin CPU na PC ɗin ku, mafi kyawun kwaikwayi zai kasance.A kan tsofaffin kwamfyutocin yana iya isa kawai; akan kwamfutoci na zamani, yawanci cikakke ne.

Shigarwa daga kafofin watsa labarai na zahiri da madadin doka

Idan kun ajiye wasanni a ciki CD/DVD ko ma floppy disksKuna buƙatar tuƙi ta zahiri. Kuna iya koyaushe siyan mai karanta USB na waje don dawo da waɗannan fayilolin mai jarida. Ƙananan jari ne wanda ke sauƙaƙa adanawa..

Lokacin da ba ku da hanya ko fi son dacewa, nemi abubuwan dijital a GOG ko SteamYawancin nau'ikan ana sabunta su, faci, kuma an tattara su tare da kwaikwaiyo idan ya cancanta. Masu remasters (Kofar Baldur, Tsibirin biri, da sauransu) suna ƙara sauƙaƙe ƙwarewar.

A fagen ROMs na consoles, bincika haƙƙin ƙasarku: wasu taken haƙƙin mallaka ne, wasu ana la'akari da su. watsi da kuma wasu a cikin jama'a yankin ko homebrew. Samun cikakken bayani kuma ba da fifikon tashoshi na halal don guje wa matsaloli.

Injin Virtual: tsarin duniya B

Virtualizing shine ƙirƙirar "PC a cikin PC" tare da ainihin tsarin da wasan ke buƙata. VirtualBox y VMware Wurin Lantarki Waɗannan shahararrun zaɓuɓɓuka ne; a cikin Windows Pro kuna da Hyper VDon Windows 98/XP, ƙananan albarkatu sun wadatar (ko da 512 MB na RAM a lokuta da dama).

Kafin ka fara, duba cewa an kunna kama-da-wane (Task Manager> Performance> CPU). Idan ba haka ba, kunna shi a cikin BIOS/UEFI azaman "Fasahar Farko", "Intel VT-x", "AMD-V" ko "SVM". Idan ba tare da wannan ba, aikin zai kasance maras tabbas..

Lura: VMs suna yin koyi da na'urori masu mahimmanci kuma, yayin da suke aiki da kyau don aikace-aikacen ofis da yawancin wasannin 2D, za su iya kasawa a ciki. Ƙaddamar da tsohuwar makaranta 3DShi ya sa 86Box yakan yi nasara cikin dacewa da kayan masarufi na lokacin. Yi amfani da su azaman makoma ta ƙarshe don software mai taurin kai.

Masu sakawa 16-bit da tsofaffin shirye-shirye

64-bit Windows 10/11 baya gudanar da binary 16-bit. Don yin aiki a kusa da wannan ba tare da VM ba, gwada OTVDM (daidaitawar ruwan inabi): yana ba da damar ƙaddamar da masu sakawa da aikace-aikacen 16-bit har ma da wasu shirye-shiryen DOS tare da haɗin Windows. Ana iya sauke shi daga ma'ajiyar sa akan GitHub kuma ana aiwatar da shi ta hanyar zaɓar fayil ɗin don buɗewa.

Wata hanyar haɓaka software ta DOS ita ce vDOSwanda ke haɗawa da kyau tare da Windows 64-bit har ma yana ba da damar bugawa ta hanyar spooler na zamani. Don mahallin "ainihin" DOS, hawa FreeDOS akan tsohuwar PC ko a cikin VM zaɓi ne mai ƙarfi da nauyi. Duk waɗannan zaɓuɓɓukan kyauta ne..

Ingancin hoto na zamani: panoramic, masu tacewa da aiwatarwa

Idan HUD ta mike ko kuma wurin ya bayyana a karkace, nemi faci mai faɗi takamaiman akan PCGamingWiki ko ma'ajiyar bayanai kamar Fakitin Gyaran allo da Faɗin allo mara Aiki. Yawancin lakabi suna samun goyon bayan 16: 9/21: 9 tare da dannawa biyu.

Don inganta kyawawan halaye ba tare da taɓa wasan ba. SakeShade Yana ƙara tasirin aiwatarwa (haske, zurfin filin, kaifi) zuwa kusan kowane take. Wani lokaci saitattun saitattu suna buƙatar daidaitawa don guje wa asarar aiki. Nemo saitunan da al'umma suka raba don kunna shi lafiya..

Wasu al'adun gargajiya suna da alaƙa Fakitin rubutu ko samfurin HD (misali, System Shock 2, Half-LifeMorrowind). Lokacin da suke wanzu, tsallen gani na gani yana da kyau sosai. Ba duk wasanni suna da mods kamar wannan ba, amma yana da kyau a bincika..

Ayyuka da kwanciyar hankali: iyaka, direbobi, da dabaru

Idan wasan yana gudana da sauri da sauri kuma ya karya wasan kwaikwayo, yana iyakancewa FPS tare da RTSSA cikin DOSBox, daidaita Hawan keke ta yadda mai ƙididdige lokaci na cikin wasan ya daidaita inda ya kamata. Sarrafa rhythm da latency yana hana ƙwararrun physics, audio, ko AI.

Koyaushe sabunta zuwa sababbin direbobi daga GPU da audio. A wasu lokuta, kashe “cikakken allo” ko tilastawa Yanayin taga tare da DxWnd Yana kawar da kyalkyali, baƙar fata, ko manyan launuka. Kashe rayarwa da bayyanai Hakanan yana taimakawa a cikin Windows 11 don rage tsangwama na gani. Ƙananan canje-canje suna yin abubuwan al'ajabi.

Tare da hadedde katunan zamani, kunna GPU sikelin da anisotropy tacewa/smoothing daga nannade panel (misali, dgVoodoo2) goge gefuna da laushi. Kada ku tilasta komai zuwa 4K idan wasan bai goyi bayansa ba.Wani lokaci 960p/1200p yana ba da sakamako mafi kyau.

DRM na gado da sauran makullai na gama-gari

SafeDisc da SecuROM sun shigar direbobin matakin kernel wanda Windows yanzu ya ɗauki rashin tsaro. A wasu tsoffin juzu'ai, ƙoƙarin fara sabis da sc start secdrv Yana iya aiki (dangane da sigar), amma Yawancin lokaci ana kashe shi saboda dalilai na tsaro.Madadin da ke da alhakin shine neman bugu na kyauta na DRM ko faci na hukuma.

Akwai gyare-gyaren aiwatarwa waɗanda ke kawar da dogaro akan CD ko DRM, amma Koyaushe daraja halal a ƙasarku kuma ku ba da fifikon ingantattun mafita. Yadda ake siyan sabbin sigogin dijital. Lokacin kiyayewa shine makasudin, PCGamingWiki yana rubuta zaɓuɓɓukan da al'umma suka yarda da su.

Console emulators akan PC (idan al'adar ku ba ta Windows bane)

Idan wasan an fito dashi akan consoles kawai, kuna buƙatar kwaikwayi kwazo. RetroArch Yana tsakiya "cores" da yawa don Nintendo, Sega, Atari, da ƙari; tsarin karatunsa yana da matsakaici amma Kwarewar tana da ban mamaki.OpenEmu yana cika irin wannan rawar a cikin mahalli masu jituwa.

Ka tuna cewa abin koyi shine kawai "console"; wasan ya zo a cikin nau'i na ROM/ISO da shi Ana iya kiyaye rarraba ta haƙƙin mallakaBincika dokokin gida, kiyaye jujjuyawar ku idan zai yiwu, da goyan baya sake fitar da hukuma idan sun kasance.

Don na'urorin hannu akan PC (misali, Android), mafita kamar BlueStacks Suna kwaikwayon yanayin tare da babban dacewa, ko da yake a nan mun ƙaura daga ma'anar retro na al'ada. Ka'idar iri ɗaya ce: kwaikwayi ainihin hardware/OS.

A cikin amfani da yau da kullun, dacewa da baya akan PC ba zai yiwu ba: tare da yanayin dacewa, masu ɗaukar hoto, DOSBox don zamanin MS-DOS, 86Box lokacin da kuke buƙatar kayan aikin 90s, injunan kama-da-wane don takamaiman tsarin, da albarkatu kamar PCGamingWiki, Kuna da cikakken arsenal don dawo da kusan kowane al'ada zuwa rayuwa.Ee, ƙila za ku iya yin tinker da shi, amma kaɗan abubuwa sun fi jin daɗin ganin wasan da ya yi muku alama lokacin da pixels suka yi girma kuma labarai sun fara girma.