Cikakken jagora don shigarwa da amfani da Vagrant akan Hyper-V a cikin Windows 11

 

Shigarwa, Saita mahallin kama-da-wane cikin sauri da tsari a cikin Windows Yana kama da hadadden manufa. Sa'a, muna da kayan aiki kamar Rage kan Hyper-V domin ya yiwu. Kuma ko da yake amfani da shi yana da alaƙa da VirtualBox, kuma yana da cikakkiyar dacewa da wannan fasahar haɓakawa wacce aka riga aka haɗa ta cikin nau'ikan Windows da yawa.

Duk da haka, installing da kuma daidaitawa Baƙi a cikin Hyper-V ba shi da sauƙi kamar yadda ake gani. Akwai key matakai da keɓantattun na'urorin mai ba da ka'ida na Microsoft waɗanda ya kamata ku sani. A cikin wannan labarin, za mu samar muku da duk abin da kuke buƙata don ƙaddamar da mahallin kama-da-wane bin wannan dabarar ba tare da wata matsala ba.

Menene Vagrant kuma me yasa ake amfani da Hyper-V?

Baƙi Yana da kayan aiki na budewa Wannan damar gina wuraren kama-da-wane da za a iya maimaita su ta hanyar fayiloli masu sauƙi. An ƙirƙira shi don masu haɓakawa, masu gudanar da tsarin, ko duk wanda ke buƙatar daidaiton yanayi a cikin kwamfutoci, tare da goyan bayan tsarin aiki da yawa.

A nasa bangaren, Hyper-V shine hypervisor na asali na Microsoft, an haɗa su cikin Ƙwararrun, Kasuwanci, da nau'ikan Ilimi na Windows 8.1 da kuma daga baya. Yana ba da babban aiki da kwanciyar hankali, musamman amfani lokacin da sauran masu haɓakawa kamar VirtualBox rikici a cikin yanayin Windows na zamani.

Ɗaya daga cikin dalilan da ya fi dacewa don zaɓar Hyper V maimakon VirtualBox shine wasu samfuran, kamar Fuskar Docker ko WSL2 (Windows Subsystem don Linux), yana buƙatar kunna Hyper-V. Wannan yana haifar da rashin jituwa tare da VirtualBox, yin Hyper-V shine kawai ingantacciyar mafita idan ba ma son kunnawa da kashe ayyuka.

Shigar da Vagrant da Ba da damar Hyper-V

Kafin ka fara amfani da Vagrant akan Hyper-V, Tabbatar cewa kwamfutarka tana kunna Hyper-V. Yi hankali, domin ba yawanci ana kunna ta ta tsohuwa ba. Kuna iya yin wannan da hannu daga sashin "Kuna fasalin Windows" ko tare da umarni mai zuwa a cikin PowerShell (a matsayin mai gudanarwa):

Enable-WindowsOptionalFeature -Online -FeatureName Microsoft-Hyper-V-All

Bayan aiwatar da wannan umarni, ana buƙatar sake kunna kwamfuta don canje-canjen suyi aiki.

A cikin layi daya, dole ne ku Zazzagewa kuma shigar da Vagrant daga gidan yanar gizon hukuma. Mai sakawa ya ƙunshi duk abin da kuke buƙata don samun damar amfani da umarnin vagrant kai tsaye daga kowane tasha.

Da zarar an shigar, zaku iya tabbatar da cewa komai daidai ne ta hanyar gudanar da abubuwan da ke gaba a cikin tashar:

vagrant --version

Wannan umarnin yakamata ya dawo da sigar da aka shigar, misali 2.4.0 mai sauƙi.

Mataki 1: Shirya muhallin tushe

Vagrant ya dogara ne akan “akwatuna”, waɗanda su ne tushen hotunan tsarin da aka riga aka shigar. Ana zazzage waɗannan ta atomatik daga fihirisar jama'a da aka sani da Vagrant Cloud. Don farawa, kuna buƙatar ƙirƙirar babban fayil inda za ku yi aiki akan aikin ku. Misali:

mkdir mi_proyecto_vagrant
cd mi_proyecto_vagrant
vagrant init generic/alpine36

Wannan umarnin zai samar da fayil mai suna Vagrantfile wanda shine inda duk kwatancen injin kama-da-wane ke zaune. A ciki za ku buƙaci daidaita wasu sigogi masu mahimmanci don amfani da Hyper-V.

Kanfigareshan Mai Ba da Hyper-V

Ta tsohuwa, Vagrant zai yi ƙoƙarin amfani da VirtualBox azaman mai bayarwa. Don amfani da Hyper-V, zaku iya tantance wannan kowane lokaci ta hanyar gudu:

vagrant up --provider=hyperv

Ko, saita Hyper-V azaman tsoho mai bada ta hanyar saita canjin yanayi:

$env:VAGRANT_DEFAULT_PROVIDER="hyperv"

Ana iya yin wannan matakin daga PowerShell ko kai tsaye a cikin masu canjin yanayin tsarin ku.

A cikin Vagrantfile, Ana bada shawara don ƙayyade mai badawa tare da takamaiman saituna. Misali na asali zai kasance:

Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
  config.vm.box = "generic/alpine36"
  config.vm.provider "hyperv" do |h|
    h.vmname = "mi_vm_hyperv"
    h.memory = 2048
    h.cpus = 2
  end
end

Waɗannan sigogi suna ba ku damar sanyawa RAM, adadin cores, da sunan da injin zai samu a Hyper-V.

Hanyoyin sadarwa da haɗin kai a cikin Hyper-V

Ɗayan rauni na Hyper-V a cikin Vagrant shine cewa baya saita hanyar sadarwa ta atomatik. Don wannan dalili, kuna buƙatar zaɓar vSwitch da hannu tare da haɗin waje wanda aka riga aka ƙirƙira a Hyper-V.

Don haɗa cibiyar sadarwa mai zaman kansa ko zaɓi takamaiman vSwitch, zaku iya amfani da:

config.vm.network "private_network", bridge: "NombreDelvSwitch"

Da fatan za a lura cewa Hyper-V baya ba ku damar daidaita IPs kai tsaye daga Vagrant., don haka dole ne a saita su ta amfani da rubutun ko ta hanyar gyara saitunan tsarin aiki na baƙo.

 

Samun na'ura: SSH da sauran kayan aikin

Kodayake yana iya zama alama cewa ba za a iya amfani da SSH akan Windows ba, Vagrant ya haɗa da ginannen abokin ciniki na SSH, don haka za ku iya shiga ba tare da shigar da ƙarin shirye-shirye ba.

Shiga da:

vagrant ssh

Hakanan zaka iya amfani da PuTTY, amma a wannan yanayin zaka buƙaci Maida maɓallin keɓaɓɓen da Vagrant ya samar zuwa tsarin PPK (tare da PuTTYgen), saboda ba a tallafawa kai tsaye. Makullin yana wurin:

.vagrant/machines/default/hyperv/private_key

Wannan zai ba ku damar haɗawa da hannu daga kowane abokin ciniki na SSH da kuka fi so.

Bayar da rubutun

Ɗaya daga cikin manyan fa'idodin Vagrant shine tallafin sa samarwa ta atomatik, godiya ga rubutun. Kuna iya ƙaddamar da rubutun harsashi don shigarwa mai maimaitawa:

config.vm.provision "shell", path: "bootstrap.sh"

A cikin fayil din bootstrap.sh Kuna iya haɗawa da umarni kamar:

apk update
apk add git

Wannan zai gudana farkon lokacin da aka ƙirƙiri VM. Idan kuna son sake amfani da rubutun daga baya, kuna iya yin:

vagrant reload --provision

Yin aiki tare da injuna da yawa

Vagrant yana ba ku damar sarrafa inji fiye da ɗaya daga fayil guda. Wannan yana da amfani ga dakunan gwaje-gwaje ko gungu na uwar garken. Saitin na yau da kullun don lab yana iya haɗawa da ma'anoni da yawa:

Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
  config.vm.define "master" do |master|
    master.vm.box = "bento/ubuntu-20.04"
    master.vm.hostname = "master"
    master.vm.network :private_network, ip: "10.0.0.10"
  end

  (1..2).each do |i|
    config.vm.define "node#{i}" do |node|
      node.vm.box = "bento/ubuntu-20.04"
      node.vm.hostname = "node#{i}"
      node.vm.network :private_network, ip: "10.0.0.#{i + 10}"
    end
  end

  config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
    apt-get update
    apt-get install -y avahi-daemon libnss-mdns
  SHELL
end

Wannan yana bawa inji damar gane juna da sunaye kamar node1.local o master.na gida godiya ga amfani da mDNS.

Nasihun Ayyuka da Daidaituwa

Ayyukan mara kyau akan Hyper-V gabaɗaya yana da kyau, amma ya dogara da:

• Ƙarfin ƙungiyar mai masaukin ku (RAM, CPU, nau'in diski).
• Hoton tushe da aka yi amfani da shi (mafi kyau a yi amfani da ingantattun kwalaye).
• Yawan injunan aiki a lokaci guda.
• Amfanin faifai daban-daban da tanadin bakin ciki.

Al'adar gama-gari don rubutun yanayi da yawa shine ƙirƙirar a akwati na musamman wanda ya riga ya haɗa da duk nau'ikan ku: kayan aiki, sabis, hanyoyi, da sauransu. Wannan yana guje wa sake shigar da abu iri ɗaya a kowane misali.

Amfani da Vagrant akan Hyper-V akan Windows yana da yuwuwa gabaɗaya, ko da yake tare da wasu iyakoki waɗanda za a iya warware su tare da ƙananan gyare-gyare. Hyper-V yana ba da ƙarfi da dacewa tare da fasahohin Microsoft na zamani, yayin da Vagrant ke sauƙaƙe aiki da kai da ɗaukar yanayin ci gaba.