Menene yanayin AHCI da yadda ake kunna shi ba tare da karya Windows ba

Da zarar ka shiga BIOS/UEFI, jerin zaɓuɓɓuka (IDE, AHCI, ko RAID) suna bayyana ga tashoshin SATA. Mutane da yawa masu amfani ba su san ma'anarsu da manufarsu ba. Duk da haka, zaɓin da ya dace zai iya kawo babban canji a cikin aikin tsarin da kwanciyar hankali, musamman idan kana amfani da SSD. A cikin wannan labarin, za mu sake duba shi. Yanayin AHCI: menene kuma yadda ake kunna shi.

Za mu kuma bayyana fa'idarsa da yadda ya bambanta da IDE da zaɓuɓɓukan RAID. Za mu rufe wane tsarin aiki ke goyan bayansa, lokacin da yake da ma'ana don kunna shi, da kuma irin haɗarin da ke tattare da canza shi.

Menene yanayin AHCI kuma ta yaya yake aiki?

Yanayin AHCI, gajarce don Matsakaicin Mai Kula Mai GudanarwaƘayyadaddun bayanai ne da Intel ya ƙirƙira wanda ke bayyana yadda tsarin aiki ke sadarwa tare da Farashin SATA (hard drives da SSDs tare da Serial ATA connector). Ba nau'in tuƙi ba ne da kansa, amma yanayin aiki na mai sarrafa SATA wanda aka haɗa cikin motherboard.

Lokacin da kuka kunna AHCI a cikin BIOS/UEFI, tsarin zai iya yin amfani da fa'idar ci-gaban fasalin SATA waɗanda ba su cikin yanayin IDE na gado. Daga cikin wadannan siffofi akwai... layin umarni na asali (NCQ), musanya mai zafi da ingantaccen sarrafa buƙatun karatu da rubutu.

Kodayake AHCI Intel ne ya kirkiro, Yana da cikakken jituwa tare da AMD motherboards. Kuma yana aiki da kusan duk wani kwakwalwan kwamfuta na zamani wanda ke amfani da tashoshin SATA. Muhimmin abu ba shine alamar mai sarrafawa ba, amma mai sarrafa SATA yana aiwatar da ma'aunin AHCI kuma tsarin aiki yana da direbobi masu dacewa.

Ya kamata a lura cewa AHCI an tsara shi ne kawai don na'urori SATAMotocin NVMe, waɗanda ke amfani da bas ɗin PCI Express, suna amfani da ƙa'idodin kansu kuma ba za su iya aiki ta wannan yanayin ba; AHCI bai shafi su ba kuma babu ma'ana don saita su ta wannan hanyar.

Bambance-bambance tsakanin IDE, AHCI da RAID

Kafin ka fara canza abubuwa a cikin BIOS, yana da kyau a fahimci abin da kowane yanayin SATA ke bayarwa kuma a waɗanne lokuta yana da ma'ana don amfani da ɗaya ko ɗayan. Sunaye guda uku da kusan koyaushe za ku ga sune: IDE, AHCI da RAID.

Yanayin IDE: dacewa ga gado da 'yan farin ciki

Yanayin IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics) Yana kwaikwayi halayen tsofaffin kayan aikin PATA/IDE a cikin tashoshin SATA na zamani. Babban aikinsa shine tabbatar da jituwa tare da tsofaffin tsarin aiki waɗanda ba sa fahimtar ma'aunin SATA a asali, kamar Windows XP ba tare da ƙarin direbobi ko sigogin da suka gabata ba.

Lokacin da mai sarrafa SATA ke cikin yanayin IDE, tsarin yana ganin fayafai kamar na'urori ne classic LEGrasa kusan duk fa'idodin tsarin SATA na zamani. Ayyukan karantawa da rubutawa yawanci suna ƙasa da ƙasa, kuma fasalulluka kamar swap mai zafi da layin umarni na asali an kashe su.

A cikin wannan yanayin, Ba a tallafawa abubuwan ci gaba An ƙera shi don haɓaka damar shiga faifai, IDE yana ba da damar ƙaramin adadin tukwici don sarrafa su yadda ya kamata. IDE gaba daya ba a gama amfani da kwamfutoci na zamani ba kuma ana kulawa da su da farko dacewa da baya.

Yanayin AHCI: ƙa'idar zamani don abubuwan tafiyar SATA

Tare da yanayin AHCI, mai sarrafawa yana fallasa duk fasalulluka na SATA na zamani kuma yana ba da damar tsarin aiki don amfani da su. Wannan yana fassara zuwa mafi girma aiki, ƙarin kwanciyar hankali da ayyukan da ba su wanzu a cikin IDE.

Daga cikin fa'idodi mafi mahimmanci Yanayin AHCI ya haɗa da haɓaka maɓalli da yawa don HDDs da SSDs:

• Inganta aikin karanta/rubutu ta mafi kyawun sarrafa buƙatun tsarin.
• Ƙididdiga na Umurnin Ƙasa (NCQ), wanda ke sake tsara buƙatun samun dama don rage motsin kai mara amfani akan HDD.
• Musanya mai zafiyana ba ku damar haɗawa ko cire haɗin haɗin SATA tare da kwamfutar da ke kunne, wanda ke da mahimmanci a cikin sabobin da tsarin NAS.
• Kyakkyawan scalability, kyale don ingantaccen sarrafa raka'a idan aka kwatanta da yanayin IDE.
• Daidaituwar asali tare da SATA SSDs, Yin amfani da mafi kyawun damarsa a cikin iyakokin ma'aunin SATA.
• Tushen don daidaitawar RAID a yawancin BIOSes, tunda yanayin RAID yawanci ya haɗa da saitin fasalin AHCI.

Ga kowace kwamfuta ta zamani da ke aiki da Windows Vista ko kuma daga baya, Linux, ko macOS, Ana ba da shawarar samun mai sarrafa SATA a yanayin AHCI. sai dai idan akwai takamaiman dalili na rashin yin haka.

Yanayin RAID: ba ainihin maye gurbin AHCI ba ne

Yanayin RAID RAID a cikin BIOS sau da yawa yana haifar da rudani saboda yawancin masu amfani suna ganin shi azaman madadin AHCI, lokacin da a aikace yana da wani abu daban. RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) shine a tsarin kungiya na raka'a da yawa don samun ƙarin aiki, sakewa, ko duka biyun.

A yawancin uwayen uwa, yanayin RAID a ciki ya haɗa da damar AHCI don sarrafa SATA tafiyarwa, kuma a saman wannan, yana ƙara ma'anar RAID na kansa (RAID 0, 1, 5, 10, da dai sauransu). Shi ya sa ake cewa yanayin RAID yana da "duk abin da AHCI yake da shi da ƙari."

Koyaya, saita RAID akan tsarin inda akwai kawai naúrar jiki Ba shi da ma'ana; ba za ku sami komai ba kuma kawai za ku wahalar da booting da sarrafa direba. Yanayin RAID yana da ma'ana lokacin shigarwa mahara SATA tafiyarwa kuma makasudin shine hada karfinsu ko inganta hakurin kuskure.

Game da NVMe, wasu uwayen uwa suna ba da zaɓuɓɓuka don ƙirƙira NVMe SSD RAID tsararruKoyaya, an riga an sarrafa wannan akan bas ɗin PCIe kuma baya amfani da AHCI, amma sauran takamaiman masu kula da RAID don NVMe.

Fa'idodin gaske na yanayin AHCI a rayuwar yau da kullun

Matsayin AHCI bai iyakance ga ka'idar ba. A cikin amfani da duniyar gaske, duka a cikin kwamfutocin gida da kayan aikin ƙwararru, ana iya ganin tasirin sa a wasu mahimman abubuwan tsarin. aiki da amfani na tsarin.

• NCQ (Kwayoyin Umurnin Ƙasa)Wannan fasalin yana ba da damar rumbun kwamfutarka don karɓar saitin buƙatun karantawa/rubutu da aiwatar da su a cikin mafi kyawun tsari mai yiwuwa, rage girman motsi.
• Zafafan musanyawaGodiya ga AHCI, zaku iya haɗawa ko cire haɗin na'urar SATA ba tare da kashe kwamfutarka ba, muddin tsarin aiki ya goyi bayansa.
• Babban kwanciyar hankali da ƙarfi idan aka kwatanta da hanyoyin gado. An tsara direbobin Windows, Linux, da macOS na zamani tare da AHCI a hankali, wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin daidaituwar al'amurran da suka shafi da mafi kyawun sarrafa kurakurai don tafiyar da ajiya.
• Daidaituwa: Kusan duk tsarin aiki na PC na yanzu suna fahimtar AHCI ba tare da ƙarin gyare-gyare ba.

AHCI da SSD: menene da gaske suke bayarwa?

Tare da zuwan SSDs, ana yawan faɗi cewa rashin samun dama yana da ƙasa sosai har layin umarni na NCQ ya zama mara ma'ana. Gaskiya ne cewa SSD ba shi da sassa masu motsi kuma, don haka, Bai dogara da matsayin jiki na bayanan ba kamar rumbun kwamfutarka, amma wannan baya nufin AHCI baya bayar da wani cigaba.

A kan SSD, samun damar adreshin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya mai jujjuyawa baya tsada iri ɗaya da tsalle zuwa adiresoshin bazuwar gabaɗaya. Har yanzu mai kula da walƙiya dole ne ya sarrafa shafuka da tubalanKuma ba duk ayyuka suna da tsada iri ɗaya ba. Wannan shine inda wasu haɓakawa na ciki da kuma yadda mai sarrafawa ke tsara buƙatun na iya ƙara fa'ida daga ma'anar AHCI.

Sabili da haka, kodayake tsalle-tsalle tsakanin IDE da AHCI a cikin SATA SSD bai zama mai ban mamaki ba kamar a cikin HDD na inji, yanayin AHCI har yanzu yana nan. yana da mahimmanci don samun mafi yawan amfanin shi SATA dubawa da sauri (musamman a cikin ayyuka da yawa).

Saboda haka, yanayin AHCI ya zama kusan keɓanta ga na gargajiya SATA tafiyarwa (2,5 ″ HDD da SSD tare da mai haɗa SATA). Yana da mahimmanci a cikin duk waɗannan tsarin waɗanda ba su yi amfani da NVMe ba ko waɗanda suka haɗa nau'ikan ajiya guda biyu.

Daidaita tsarin aiki tare da AHCI

Kafin taɓa saitunan SATA a cikin BIOS, yana da mahimmanci don sanin ko Tsarin aiki da aka shigar yana goyan bayan AHCIsaboda karfin kayan aikin don farawa daidai bayan canjin ya dogara da shi.

Windows da AHCI

Microsoft ya gabatar da tallafin AHCI na hukuma wanda ya fara daga ciki Windows VistaWannan yana nufin cewa duk sigogin baya (Windows 7, 8, 8.1, 10 da 11) na iya aiki daidai a yanayin AHCI, muddin an kunna direbobin da suka dace yayin taya.

A cikin lamarin Windows Vista da Windows 7Idan an saita mai sarrafa SATA don IDE yayin shigarwa, tsarin bazai ɗora nauyin direbobin AHCI masu mahimmanci a farawa ba. Idan AHCI sannan aka canza zuwa cikin BIOS ba tare da shirye-shiryen tsarin da ya gabata ba, sakamakon da aka saba shine kuskure. blue allon ko sake yi madauki lokacin farawa.

Tare da Windows 8 da 8.1Microsoft ya inganta tsarin gano direba kuma ya sauƙaƙa canjin kaɗan, amma har yanzu ana ba da shawarar yin matakan farko (yanayin aminci, umarnin taya, da sauransu) don guje wa kurakurai lokacin kunna AHCI a cikin shigarwar da ke akwai.

En Windows 10 Tsarin direba yana canzawa kaɗan. Direban da ke sarrafa AHCI yawanci ana gano shi azaman StorahciKuma wajibi ne a tabbatar da cewa wannan sabis ɗin ya fara daidai ta hanyar canza wasu maɓallan rajista (ErrorControl, StartOverride, da sauransu) kafin canza tsarin SATA a cikin BIOS.

Madadin haka, Windows XP Kuma sigar farko ba su da goyan bayan asali ga AHCI. Za a iya loda takamaiman direbobi yayin shigarwa (na al'ada "latsa F6"), amma waɗannan tsarin ba su da tallafi kuma ba a ba da shawarar ba a zamanin yau, don haka yanayin IDE yana riƙe fiye da dalilai na tarihi fiye da ainihin amfani.

Linux, BSD da sauran tsarin

A cikin duniyar GNU/Linux, an gabatar da tallafin AHCI a cikin kwayan 2.6.19Sabili da haka, duk wani rarraba na zamani wanda ke karɓar ko da ƙaramin sabuntawa zai sami cikakken goyon baya. A aikace, kusan duk rarrabawar zamani suna gano yanayin AHCI ta atomatik ba tare da buƙatar kowane matakai na musamman ba.

Bugu da kari, sauran tsarin kamar OpenBSD (farawa daga sigar 4.1), FreeBSD, NetBSD y Solaris 10 (daga wasu nau'ikan) kuma sun haɗa da masu kula da AHCI, don haka aiki a cikin wannan yanayin ba shi da matsala.

macOS da AHCI

Tsarin aiki na Apple, wanda aka sani a yau kamar macOS (tsohon OS X)Hakanan yana ba da tallafi na asali don AHCI akan tsarin tare da faifan SATA. Babban bambanci idan aka kwatanta da PC shine Macs ba sa fallasa BIOS/UEFI na gargajiya ga mai amfani don canza yanayin SATA.

A kan Macs, ana sarrafa tsarin yadda tsarin ke sadarwa tare da faifan ajiya a cikin a m ta hanyar macOS kanta, ba tare da buƙatar shigar da menu na firmware ba ko canza yanayin sarrafawa da hannu.

Yaushe yana da ma'ana don kunna ko kashe AHCI?

Babban tambaya ga yawancin masu amfani shine ko Yana da kyau a kunna yanayin AHCI akan kwamfutarka kuma a cikin wane yanayi zaka bar ta a cikin IDE ko RAID. Amsar, a mafi yawan lokuta, a bayyane take.

Idan kana amfani da tsarin aiki daidai ko daga baya fiye da Windows Vista (ciki har da Windows 10 da 11), rarraba Linux na yanzu ko macOS, kuma manyan faifan ku sune SATA faifai, shawarar ita ce. Yi amfani da AHCI koyausheYanayin IDE ba shi da fa'ida a cikin waɗannan yanayin kuma, a zahiri, yana iyakance aiki da abubuwan da ake samu.

Yana da ma'ana kawai kiyaye yanayin IDE lokacin gudanar da a tsohon tsarin aiki ba tare da goyon bayan AHCI bairin su Windows XP ba tare da takamaiman direbobi ko software na musamman waɗanda ba su aiki daidai da masu sarrafa AHCI na zamani. Waɗannan lokuta suna ƙara zama mai wuya a zamanin yau.

Sauran yanayin da bai dace da kunna AHCI ba shine lokacin da kwamfutar ba ta amfani da ita babu SATA driveMisali, idan duk abubuwan tafiyarku NVMe SSDs ne, yanayin AHCI na mai sarrafa SATA ya zama ba shi da mahimmanci, tunda waɗannan injinan suna aiki akan PCIe tare da ka'idar NVMe kuma basu dogara da saitunan BIOS SATA ba.

Hakanan ana iya samun masu amfani waɗanda suke so kashe AHCI Don takamaiman dalilai: gwaji tare da tsofaffin kayan aiki, kwaikwayon tsofaffin tsarin, ko dacewa tare da takamaiman masu sarrafawa. A cikin waɗannan lokuta, kashe AHCI ana yin shi ta hanyar bin matakai iri ɗaya kamar na canjin baya, amma zaɓi IDE a cikin BIOS maimakon AHCI.

Yadda ake kunna AHCI a cikin Windows ba tare da sake kunnawa ba

Idan an riga an shigar da Windows tare da mai sarrafawa a yanayin IDE kuma kuna son canzawa zuwa AHCI ba tare da tsarawa baKuna buƙatar bin jerin matakai na farko don tabbatar da cewa tsarin yana loda madaidaicin direbobi a farawa. A hanya bambanta dan kadan dangane da Windows version.

Kunna AHCI a cikin Windows 7 da Windows Vista ta amfani da wurin yin rajista

A cikin Windows Vista da Windows 7, hanyar gargajiya ta ƙunshi amfani da Editan rajista (regedit) don gaya wa tsarin don taya mai sarrafa AHCI maimakon mai sarrafa IDE akan farawa na gaba.

El gama gari hanya Ga yadda abin yake:

1. Rufe duk aikace-aikacen kuma buɗe taga "Run" tare da Maɓallin Windows + R.
2. Yana rubutu regedit kuma danna Ok. Idan taga Ikon Asusun Mai amfani ya bayyana, tabbatar yana gudana azaman mai gudanarwa.
3. Shiga cikin maɓallan har sai kun isa: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE → SYSTEM → CurrentControlSet → Services → msahci.
4. A cikin ɓangaren dama, gano ƙimar da ake kira Fara kuma canza shi zuwa 0 (idan ba a riga ba; yawanci yana da darajar 3).
5. Idan kana amfani da Intel ko wani mai sarrafa alamar RAID, kuma gano maɓallin madaidaicin (iaStor ko iaStorV) ƙarƙashin Sabis kuma saita ƙimar farawa zuwa 0 kuma.
6. Rufe editan rajista kuma sake kunna kwamfutarka ta shigar da BIOS/UEFI.
7. A cikin menu na ci gaba na BIOS, canza maɓallin Yanayin SATA daga IDE zuwa AHCI ko RAID dangane da abin da kuke son amfani da shi.
8. Ajiye canje-canje kuma bari Windows ta fara kullum; tsarin zai shigar da sababbin direbobi kuma ya nemi faifan direba na motherboard ko haɗin Intanet idan ya cancanta.

Idan duk abin da aka yi daidai, Windows za ta loda ba tare da wani blue allon kuma za ku yi aiki da shi. An kunna yanayin AHCI don SATA tafiyarwa.

Kunna AHCI a cikin Windows 8 da 8.1 ta amfani da yanayin aminci

A cikin Windows 8 da 8.1 ya zama ruwan dare don amfani da dabarar taya a yanayin aminci don haka tsarin yana ɗaukar ƙaramin saƙon direbobi kuma ya gano canjin yanayin SATA ba tare da matsala ba.

The taƙaitaccen matakai Waɗannan su ne:

1. Buɗe taga na Umarnin Umarni a matsayin mai gudanarwa (dama danna → Yi gudu azaman mai gudanarwa).
2. Buga umarni mai zuwa kuma danna Shigar: bcdedit / saita {na yanzu} safeboot kadan.
3. Sake kunna tsarin ku kuma shigar da BIOS/UEFI na mahaifar ku (yawanci tare da F2, Share ko makamancin haka lokacin kunna).
4. Nemo saitunan tashar tashar SATA kuma canza yanayin zuwa AHCI.
5. Ajiye canje-canje kuma bari kwamfutar ta taso; Windows zai yi wannan. yanayin aminci kuma zai gano sabbin direbobin SATA, sanya su a bango.
6. Sake buɗe Umurnin Umurni a matsayin mai gudanarwa.
7. Gudun wannan umarni don dawo da farawa na yau da kullun: bcdedit / deletevalue {current} safeboot.
8. Sake kunnawa kuma wannan lokacin yakamata Windows ta fara a yanayin al'ada tare da AHCI aiki.

Kunna AHCI a cikin Windows 10 ta hanyar daidaita storahci

A cikin Windows 10, ana kiran direban da ke sarrafa yanayin AHCI gabaɗaya StorahciKuma domin tsarin ya yi taya daidai bayan canza BIOS, dole ne a daidaita dabi'u biyu a cikin rajista.

El shawarar tsari zai zama kamar haka:

1. Bude editan rajista tare da regedit (kamar a cikin Windows 7, tare da Windows Key + R da buga regedit).
2. Kewaya zuwa hanyar HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE → SYSTEM → CurrentControlSet → Sabis → storahci.
3. A cikin madaidaicin panel, nemi ƙimar KuskureControlDanna sau biyu kuma canza darajarsa daga 3 zuwa 0.
4. A cikin storahci, nemo maɓalli na ƙasa StartOverride kuma ka zaɓa shi.
5. A hannun dama za ku ga shigarwa, yawanci ana kiranta 0. Canza darajar sa kuma saita shi zuwa 0 (maimakon 3).
6. Rufe editan rajista kuma sake kunna kwamfutarka ta shigar da BIOS/UEFI.
7. Canza canjin SATA zuwa yanayin AHCI a cikin menu na ajiya.
8. Ajiye kuma sake farawa. Windows 10 ya kamata yanzu taya tare da direban storahci mai aiki da kuma Yanayin AHCI yana aiki.

Idan tsarin ya yi daidai, ba zai zama dole a sake shigar da Windows ba kuma za ku iya cin gajiyar AHCI akan faifan SATA da SSD ɗinku ba tare da rasa bayanai ba.

Yadda ake kashe AHCI kuma komawa IDE

Ko da yake ba al'ada ba ne, kuna iya sha'awar hakan a wani lokaci. kashe yanayin AHCI da komawa zuwa IDE, misali don gwada tsohuwar tsarin aiki, warware takamaiman matsalar daidaitawa, ko yin gwaje-gwaje tare da kayan aikin gado.

Hanyar juyawa daga AHCI zuwa IDE kusan iri ɗaya ne da na juyawa baya, musamman akan tsarin da ke amfani da dabarar ... yanayin lafiya tare da bcdedit:

• Samun damar Command Command a matsayin mai gudanarwa kuma kunna bcdedit / saita {na yanzu} safeboot kadan.
• Sake farawa don shigar da yanayin lafiya.
• Yayin farawa, shigar da BIOS/UEFI ta amfani da maɓallin da ya dace.
• Nemo saitunan SATA a cikin zaɓuɓɓukan ajiya kuma canza yanayin zuwa AHCI zuwa IDE.
• Ajiye sauye-sauye kuma bari tsarin ya tada cikin yanayin aminci.
• Sake buɗe faɗakarwar umarni azaman mai gudanarwa kuma kunna bcdedit / deletevalue {current} safeboot.
• Sake kunnawa na ƙarshe don Windows ta yi takalmi a yanayin al'ada tare da mai sarrafawa da ke cikin IDE.

A cikin ƙarin tsarin yanzu tare da kayan aikin zamani, al'ada ce ba ku da wata bukata ta gaske don amfani da IDE, amma yana da mahimmanci a san cewa akwai hanyar dawowa kuma dole ne ku bi irin wannan tsari don guje wa kuskuren taya.

A bayyane yake cewa yanayin AHCI ya kasance kuma yana ci gaba da kasancewa maɓalli mai mahimmanci a cikin juyin halittar tushen ajiya na SATA. Kodayake a yau NVMe SSDs da ka'idar NVMe suna ɗaukar matakin tsakiya dangane da saurin gudu, a cikin dubban gida da na'urori masu sana'a Motocin SATA sun kasance daidaitattun ma'auni, kuma samun mai sarrafawa a cikin yanayin da ya dace yana haifar da bambanci tsakanin tsarin sluggish da wanda yake agile, barga, kuma a shirye yake don samun mafi kyawun abubuwan sarrafa kayan sa.