Ba ni da intanet akan injin kama-da-wane.

Zaɓin yanayin hanyar sadarwa da ya dace (NAT ko gada) da guje wa rikice-rikice na subnet yana magance mafi yawan fita.
Sabis na Hypervisor (NAT/DHCP), direbobi, da riga-kafi/tacewar zaɓi suna tasiri kai tsaye ga haɗin kai.
A cikin Azure, yi amfani da Mai duba hanyar sadarwa, duba NSG, kuma daidaita hanyoyi/IP na farko don maido da shiga intanet.

¿Ba ni da intanet akan injin kama-da-wane.Kada ku damu, wannan matsala ce ta gama gari fiye da yadda kuke tunani, kuma tare da cikakken bita, yawanci ana iya warware ta. A cikin wannan jagorar, zaku sami komai daga saitunan cibiyar sadarwa na asali zuwa ci-gaba da bincike na musamman ga VMware, VirtualBox, KVM/mai sarrafa-virt, Daidaici, da yanayin girgije kamar Azure. Manufar ita ce ku gano tushen dalilin kuma kuyi amfani da gyaran da ya dace a cikin ƴan matakai kaɗan..

Kafin mu nutse cikin tsarin, yana da mahimmanci mu fahimci wani abu: VM yana aiki azaman kwamfuta mai zaman kanta a cikin injin ku. Don haka, Idan tsarin runduna, hypervisor, ko cibiyar sadarwar VM ba a daidaita ba, haɗin kai na iya raguwa.Manufofin canjawa, dokokin Tacewar zaɓi/DHCP, rikice-rikice na subnet, direbobin cibiyar sadarwa, ko ma dakatar da sabis na hypervisor na iya taka rawa.

Yadda injunan kama-da-wane ke aiki da kuma dalilin da yasa suke tasiri hanyar sadarwar

VM yana gudana godiya ga hypervisor wanda Yana rarraba albarkatun jiki na mai watsa shiri (CPU, RAM, disk, NIC) zuwa tsarin baƙo.Wannan keɓewa yana da mahimmanci don haɓakawa da gwaji, saboda yana ba ku damar yin gwaji ba tare da lalata babban tsarin ba. A cikin kamfanoni, ana amfani da shi don haɗa sabar zuwa ƙasan kayan masarufi. ajiye farashin da sauri matsar da ayyukan aiki tsakanin runduna. Bugu da ƙari, ikon clone, ɗaukar hoto, da dawo da yanayin VM Yana sauƙaƙe wariyar ajiya da farfadowa a yayin da aka gazaBugu da ƙari, akwai Shafukan yanar gizo masu dogaro don zazzage na'urorin kama-da-wane kyauta.

Cibiyar sadarwa ta kama-da-wane wani Layer ne wanda hypervisor ke kwaikwaya: Adaftar kama-da-wane ta VM ta “fulogi” cikin NAT, gada, na ciki, ko cibiyoyin sadarwa-kawai dangane da tsarin ku.Zaɓin yanayin da ba daidai ba, ko cin karo da manufofin tsaro akan hanyar sadarwa ta zahiri, na iya barin VM ba tare da shiga intanet ba ko da mai watsa shiri yana lilo ba tare da matsala ba.

Abũbuwan amfãni da rashin lahani na mahallin kama-da-wane

Bayan haɗin kai, VMs suna ba da fa'idodi masu fa'ida: jituwa tsakanin tsarin (Windows, Linux, macOS, BSD), daidaitawa 'yancin kai, da kuma saurin adanawa / canja wuri ta hanyar cloning. Idan VM ɗaya ya gaza, sauran suna ci gaba da gudana ba tare da wani tasiri ba.

Ba komai bane cikakke: An iyakance ku da kayan masarufiLat ɗin hanyar sadarwa yawanci ya ɗan fi na babban OS, kuma a matakin ƙwararru ana iya samun farashi don hypervisor ko lasisin tsarin baƙo.

Hannun hanyoyin sadarwa na yau da kullun da kuma yadda suke tasiri damar shiga intanet

Dangane da hypervisor, zaku ga sunaye daban-daban, amma ra'ayoyin iri ɗaya ne. Zaɓin yanayin daidai shine maɓalli don ba da damar intanet na VM.:

NAT: VM yana shiga intanet "ta" mai watsa shiri. Wannan yawanci yana aiki ta tsohuwa kuma shine zaɓi na tsoho a cikin VMware/VirtualBox. Yana ba VM damar samun damar hanyar sadarwa ta zahiri da intanet, amma sabobin na zahiri ba sa “gani” VM kai tsaye.
Adaftar da aka gada: VM yana haɗawa kamar wata na'ura akan hanyar sadarwa ta zahiri, da IP dinsaMafi dacewa don wasu na'urori don sadarwa tare da shi, amma yana iya cin karo da manufofin canji ko na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa.
Mai watsa shiri kawai: hanyar sadarwa mai zaman kanta tsakanin mai watsa shiri da VM. Babu Intanet.
Cibiyar sadarwa ta ciki: ke ware VMs daga juna a rufaffiyar cibiyar sadarwa. Babu intanet kuma..
NAT Network (VirtualBox): ya haɗu da NAT tare da rarrabuwa, Yana ba da damar intanet da sadarwa tsakanin VMs akan waccan hanyar sadarwar NAT.

A cikin VMware zaku iya daidaita komai a cikin "Editan hanyar sadarwa ta Virtual": Zaɓi NIC na zahiri don gada, canza tashar tashar NAT, kunna DHCP, da buɗe tashoshin jiragen ruwaHakanan zaka iya iyakance bandwidth kuma canza adireshin MAC a cikin "Babba". A cikin VirtualBox, kuna sarrafa hanyoyin sadarwar NAT tare da tsarin su, DHCP, IPv6, da dokokin tashar jiragen ruwa daga "Fayil> Preferences", kuma a cikin kowane VM zaku zaɓi NAT, Bridge, Internal, Mai watsa shiri-kawai, ko Network NAT.

Keɓaɓɓen abun ciki - Danna nan Microsoft ya musanta alaƙa tsakanin Windows 11 da gazawar SSD

Ingantawa: ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, girman, bandwidth, da haɓakawa

Idan VM yana yin ƙasa da albarkatu, za ku lura da ƙwanƙolin hanyar sadarwa. Ware isassun RAM Don tabbatar da baƙo na iya ɗaukar buƙatun ba tare da an shayar da su ba, daidaita girman VM kamar yadda ake buƙata, kuma idan akwai VM da yawa, iyakance bandwidth ta hanyar VM don guje wa jikewa. Wasu dandamali suna bayarwa hanzarin hanyar sadarwa wanda ke rage latency kuma inganta canja wuri.

Idan kuna amfani da NAT kuma ba ku da damar Intanet

Tare da NAT, idan mai watsa shiri yana da damar intanet, VM yakan yi ma. Matsala ta al'ada ita ce rukunin yanar gizo na NAT na kama-da-wane ya zo daidai da hanyar sadarwa ta zahiri.Baƙon bai san yadda ake fita ba. Canja subnet na NAT a cikin editan cibiyar sadarwa (VMware: VMnet8; VirtualBox: ƙirƙira/zaɓi hanyar sadarwa ta NAT tare da wani yanki daban) don guje wa rikici da babban LAN ɗin ku.

Idan kuna amfani da gada kuma ba ku da damar intanet

A cikin yanayin gada, VM ya dogara da hanyar sadarwar jiki, don haka Manufofi da ayyuka na kayan aikin ku sun shigo cikin wasa.:

A cikin VMware, saita NIC ta zahiri zuwa VMnet0 maimakon "Automatic". Zaɓin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai yana guje wa matsaloli lokacin sauya hanyoyin sadarwa.
Canjawa: Idan akwai Tsaro na Port tare da iyakar MAC kowace tashar jiragen ruwa, ana iya toshe adireshin MAC na biyu (wanda yake na VM)Hakanan duba haɗin IP-MAC-Port.
Mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa: tabbatar da cewa DHCP yana aiki (ko saita adreshin IP na tsaye akan VM), Duba Tacewar zaɓi da kuma duba cewa babu wasu dokoki da ke hana sabbin ƙungiyoyi.

Idan har yanzu ta gaza, duba mai watsa shiri cewa NIC na aiki kuma har zuwa yau, kuma akan baƙon hakan Ana samun adireshin IP da DNS ta atomatik.A yawancin lokuta, canza VM na ɗan lokaci zuwa gada (idan yana cikin NAT) ko zuwa NAT (idan yana cikin gada) yana taimaka muku ware tushen.

VMware: Saurin Dubawa da Gyarawa

VMware yana ba da levers da yawa waɗanda suka cancanci dubawa lokacin da VM baya lilo. Farawa da abubuwa masu sauƙi yana adana lokaci:

Sake kunna VM. Ee, yana aiki fiye da yadda kuke tunani.
Kashe riga-kafi/tacewar zaɓi na mai watsa shiri na ɗan lokaci ko daidaita yanayin sa don ba da damar zirga-zirga zuwa/daga VMs.
Kunna da/ko sake kunna sabis ɗin masu zuwa: "VMware NAT Service" da "VMware DHCP Service" daga services.msc.
Sabunta ko sake shigar da adaftar cibiyar sadarwa a cikin Manajan Na'urar baƙo. Idan bai bayyana ba, yi amfani da "Scan don canjin hardware".
Cire alamar kuma sake duba "An haɗa" da "Haɗa kan haɓakawa" akan adaftar hanyar sadarwar VM don tilasta sake haɗawa.
A cikin Editan hanyar sadarwa ta Virtual, danna "Mayar da tsoho" don sake gina VMnet1/VMnet8 idan sun lalace.
Wasu masu amfani suna warware wannan ta saita adireshin IP na ADSL na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa azaman NAT DNS a cikin VMnet8> Saitunan NAT> DNS.
Bayan dakatar da / ci gaba da mai watsa shiri, Kashe VM kuma sake kunnawa (mafi kyau da ci gaba da yanayin sa) don sake fara cibiyar sadarwar kama-da-wane.

Idan matsalar tana dawwama a cikin NAT, wani lokacin sabis na NAT yana daskare: Sake kunna "VMware NAT Service" akan mai watsa shiri yawanci yana dawo da haɗin kai..

VirtualBox: Mahimman Matakai

A cikin VirtualBox, NAT kusan koyaushe yana aiki ba tare da wani gyara ba, amma idan ba haka ba, Waɗannan gyare-gyare yawanci suna gyara shi.:

Shigar da "Ƙarin Baƙi" don tabbatar da direbobi da ingantacciyar haɗakar baƙi.
Kashe VM, je zuwa Network, kuma tabbatar da cewa "Enable Network Adapter" an duba. Gwada sauyawa tsakanin NAT, Bridged Adapter, da Network NAT kamar yadda ake bukata.
Ka tuna: "Internal Network" da "Mai watsa shiri-kawai" ba sa samar da Intanet ta ƙira.
Daga "Fayil> Zaɓuɓɓuka> Cibiyar sadarwa", ƙirƙira ko daidaita hanyar sadarwar NAT tare da nata hanyar sadarwa, DHCP kuma, idan an zartar, dokokin tashar jiragen ruwa.

Keɓaɓɓen abun ciki - Danna nan Corsair iCUE yana ci gaba da farawa da kansa: Yadda ake kashe shi a cikin Windows 11 da gyara al'amuran gama gari

Cikin bakon, Bar IP da DNS akan atomatikIdan babu abin da ya canza, duba NIC da aka zaɓa (misali, Intel PRO/1000 vs Paravirtualized) kuma gwada canza shi.

KVM/mai sarrafa-virt da VirtualBox akan Linux (alal misali: Windows 11 baƙo)

Idan kuna amfani da Linux azaman mai watsa shiri (misali, distro na tushen Fedora) da Windows 11 a matsayin baƙo, yawanci ana shigar da adaftar virtio kuma har yanzu… Gudun daga intanet a cikin mai sarrafa-virt da VirtualBoxTabbatar cewa kana amfani da yanayin waje (NAT ko gada) kuma mai watsa shiri yana da damar intanet. Idan matsalar ta faru ne kawai a yanayin gada, la'akari da waɗannan: manufofin cibiyar sadarwar jiki, DHCP da Tacewar zaɓiIdan kuma ya bayyana a cikin NAT akan duka hypervisors, duba direbobin hanyar sadarwa, siyan IP/DNS ta atomatik akan uwar garken baƙo, kuma yi sake saitin tari na TCP/IP (duba sashin Windows). Ƙaddamar da yanayin lalata, canje-canjen adireshin MAC, da watsawa ta tilastawa akan kama-da-wane na iya zama dole idan software tana sa ido/tace zirga-zirga.

Daidaici Desktop akan Mac: Alamomi da Magani

Akwai yanayi inda Windows ba za ta kewaya cikin Daidaici ba, kodayake Mac na iya. Alamomin sun hada da: Ba tare da intanet akan Windows ba, jinkiri ko rashin zaman lafiya, aikace-aikacen da suka gaza duk da samun hanyar sadarwa, ko rashin iya ganin wasu kwamfutoci akan hanyar sadarwar.Wannan yawanci saboda saitunan Windows ba daidai ba ne, software na riga-kafi na ɓangare na uku, saitunan VM, ko gurɓataccen muhallin Windows.

Tabbatar cewa Mac yana da damar intanet kuma ƙirƙirar hoto kafin taɓa wani abu.
Sake shigar da Kayan aikin daidaitawa kuma yi tsaftataccen taya a cikin Windows ta hanyar kashe sabis na ɓangare na uku (ci gaba da ayyukan daidaici suna aiki).
A cikin Hardware> Network, kunna tsakanin "Shared Network (Shawarwari)" da "Bridged Network: Default Adapter" don ganin wanda ya fi aiki.
Bude CMD kuma gwada ping parallels.com. Idan bai amsa ba, gudu:
```
netsh winsock reset
netsh int ip reset reset.log
```
kuma zata sake farawa. Idan matsalar ta ci gaba, gwada:
```
ipconfig /release
ipconfig /renew
```
A cikin Manajan Na'ura, idan ka ga "Parallels Ethernet Adapter #...", sabunta direban ta atomatik.
Tare da bugu na Pro/Business, zaku iya zuwa Zaɓuɓɓuka> Cibiyar sadarwa kuma ku dawo da tsoffin ƙima.

Da zarar an dawo da haɗin kai, yana share hoton don gujewa tara jihohin da ba dole ba.

Bako na Windows: Dokokin hanyar sadarwa masu amfani

Lokacin da matsalar ta kasance tare da tari na hanyar sadarwa na Windows, waɗannan na'urori na yau da kullun suna adana ranar. Run Command Prompt a matsayin mai gudanarwa:

Sake saita tarin TCP/IP da Winsock:

netsh winsock reset
netsh int ip reset reset.log

Sabunta adireshin IP ɗin ku bayan sake farawa idan har yanzu ba ku da damar intanet:
```
ipconfig /release
ipconfig /renew
```
Sabuntawa ko sake shigar da adaftar cibiyar sadarwa daga Mai sarrafa na'ura.
Idan akwai software na riga-kafi na ɓangare na uku, kashe shi na ɗan lokaci ko saita yanayin da ya dace da VM.

A kan Ubuntu da abubuwan haɓaka, wasu masu amfani suna ba da rahoton hakan shigar/update apt-samun ko abubuwan dogaro da ke da alaƙa da hanyar sadarwa da takaddun shaida “cire katanga” mai binciken lokacin da DNS ko ƙudurin TLS ya gaza.

Azure: Binciken haɗin kai tsakanin VMs da damar intanet

Latency Azure

A cikin Azure, hanyar tana canzawa saboda kuna da kayan aikin bincike. Idan VM ɗaya ba zai iya isa ga wani a cikin VNet ɗaya ba, ko kuma ba zai iya shiga Intanet ba, yana bin jerin umarni.:

Haɗa VMs a cikin VNet iri ɗaya

A kan tushen VM, yi amfani da kayan aiki kamar tcping don gwada tashar jiragen ruwa (misali, RDP 3389):

tcping64.exe -t <IP de la VM destino> 3389

Idan ba ta amsa ba, duba ka'idodin NSG: dole ne su ba da izinin "Ba da izinin shiga VNet" da "Ba da izinin Shigar Ma'aunin Load" kuma ba su da. musu a sama tare da ƙananan fifiko.

Tabbatar cewa zaku iya shiga ta hanyar RDP/SSH daga tashar; idan wannan yana aiki, gudanar da "Duba Haɗin kai" ta amfani da Network Watcher (PowerShell/CLI). Sakamakon ya lissafa "Tsalle" da "Hatsari"; gyara bisa ga abin da yake nunawa kuma a sake gwadawa.

Adaftar hanyar sadarwa ta biyu a cikin VNet iri ɗaya

NICs na biyu a cikin Windows ba su da tsohuwar ƙofa. Idan kana son su yi sadarwa a wajen gidan yanar gizon su, Ƙara tsohuwar hanya a cikin baƙo (gudu CMD a matsayin mai gudanarwa):

route add 0.0.0.0 mask 0.0.0.0 -p <IP de la puerta de enlace>

Bincika NSG akan duka NICs kuma inganta tare da Mai duba hanyar sadarwa.

Keɓaɓɓen abun ciki - Danna nan ZIP vs 7Z vs ZSTD: Wanne ne mafi kyawun tsarin matsawa don kwafi da aikawa?

Samun Intanet a Azure

Idan VM bai haɗa da Intanet ba, da farko yanke hukuncin cewa NIC na cikin kuskure. Daga Azure Resource Explorer yana baka damar tilasta "PUT" daga albarkatun NIC Don daidaita matsayi da sake ɗora tashar. Sa'an nan, koma zuwa "Connectivity Check" da kuma magance duk wani al'amurran da suka shafi samu.

IPS da yawa akan Windows NIC iri ɗaya

A cikin Windows, Adireshin IP mafi ƙasƙanci na lamba zai iya kasancewa azaman adireshin farko. Ko da kun zaɓi wani adireshin IP na daban a cikin Azure Portal, adireshin IP na farko kawai a cikin Azure yana da damar intanet/sabis. Daidaita "SkipAsSource" ta hanyar PowerShell don tabbatar da daidai adireshin IP shine na farko.

$primaryIP = '<IP primaria que definiste en Azure>'
$netInterface = '<Nombre del NIC>'
$IPs = Get-NetIPAddress -InterfaceAlias $netInterface | Where-Object {$_.AddressFamily -eq 'IPv4' -and $_.IPAddress -ne $primaryIP}
Set-NetIPAddress -IPAddress $primaryIP -InterfaceAlias $netInterface -SkipAsSource $false
Set-NetIPAddress -IPAddress $IPs.IPAddress -InterfaceAlias $netInterface -SkipAsSource $true

A kan Linux, bi jagorar Azure don ƙara yawan IPs zuwa OS.

Gwaje-gwaje masu sauri don taƙaita gazawar

Biyu cak za su ba ku jagora mai sauri. Yi amfani da su azaman ma'aunin zafi da sanyio:

Idan babu hanyar intanet a cikin NAT, amma mai watsa shiri yana da damar intanet, yi zargin rikicin subnet ko matsala tare da sabis na NAT/DHCP na hypervisor.
Idan ya gaza a yanayin gada amma yana aiki a yanayin NAT, Wannan yana nuna DHCP, Tacewar wuta, ko tsaro na sauya / na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa..
Ping adireshin ta IP (misali, 8.8.8.8) da kuma suna (misali, yankin jama'a). Idan yana aiki ta IP amma ba da suna ba, matsalar tana tare da DNS.

Hanyoyin sadarwa da aiki mafi kyawun ayyuka

Don kwarewa mara kyau: Koyaushe zaɓi takamaiman ƙayyadaddun mahallin jiki don gada.Guji "Automatic"; raba rumbun kwamfyuta na zahiri daga LAN na zahiri; daftarin dokokin NSG/ACL kuma ku ajiye DHCP idan kuna buƙatar IPs na tsaye don gada VMs. Akan runduna masu VM da yawa, yana iyakance bandwidth kowane VM kuma yana sa ido akan layi idan hanyar sadarwar ta cika.

Backups: kawai idan wani abu ya faru

Rasa bayanai saboda katsewar hanyar sadarwa ko kuskuren daidaitawa yana da zafi, mai zafi sosai. Ajiyayyen mafita don haɓakawa Suna ba da izini mara izini, maidowa nan take a cikin daƙiƙa, da dawo da dandamali. (VMware, Hyper-V, Proxmox, oVirt, da sauransu). Idan kuna sarrafa VMs a cikin samarwa, yi la'akari da dandamali wanda ke ba da na'urar wasan bidiyo ta yanar gizo, dawo da kai tsaye, da cikakkun gwaje-gwaje na kyauta don inganta dabarun ku.

FAQ: Tambayoyi masu sauri

Wasu tambayoyi na yau da kullun lokacin da VM baya lilo suna da taƙaitaccen amsoshi. Ga wadanda suka fi amfani:

Me yasa NAT ke raguwa na lokaci-lokaci? Sake kunna sabis na NAT na hypervisor akan mai watsa shiri yawanci yana dawo da haɗin gwiwa.
Adaftar ya bayyana kamar yadda aka katse? Duba "An haɗa" da "Haɗa kan kunna wuta" a cikin saitunan VM.
Idan babu haɗin cibiyar sadarwa bayan dakatarwa/ci gaba da mai watsa shiri, rufe kuma sake kunna VM don sake kunna adaftar cibiyar sadarwa ta kama-da-wane.
Za a iya amfani da VM ba tare da Intanet ba? Ee: Mai watsa shiri-kawai ko Cibiyar Ciki ta ƙirƙira keɓancewar cibiyoyin sadarwa ba tare da samun damar waje ba.
VM na iya haɗawa zuwa VPN? A cikin NAT, ta gaji VPN daga mai watsa shiri; a yanayin gada, yana shigar da abokin ciniki na VPN akan VM.

Fahimtar yadda hanyoyin sadarwa (NAT, bridged, na ciki, mai watsa shiri-kawai) ke da alaƙa da juna, yin bitar rikice-rikice na subnet, sabis na hypervisor (NAT/DHCP), dokokin tsaro, da tari na cibiyar sadarwar baƙi. Yana magance yawancin matsalolin "Ba ni da intanet akan VM".Lokacin da mahalli ya dogara ne akan gajimare, dogara ga kayan aikin bincike da saituna kamar tsoho ta hanyar kai tsaye akan NICs na biyu ko gudanarwar IP na farko a cikin Windows. Kuma, a matsayinka na mai mulki, kula da hotunan hoto da adanawa don komawa zuwa baya idan canji ya karya haɗin gwiwa.

Labari mai dangantaka:

Windows 11 ya karya localhost: abin da ke faruwa, wanda ya shafa, da yadda ake gyara shi

Garcia na Kirista

Sha'awar fasaha tun yana karami. Ina son zama na zamani a cikin sashin kuma, sama da duka, sadarwa da shi. Abin da ya sa na sadaukar da kai ga sadarwa a shafukan yanar gizo na fasaha da na wasan bidiyo shekaru da yawa. Kuna iya samuna na rubutu game da Android, Windows, MacOS, iOS, Nintendo ko duk wani batu mai alaƙa da ke zuwa hankali.