Menene ƙwaƙwalwar HBM kuma me yasa RAM da GPUs suka fi tsada a cikin 2025?

Kwanan nan kun yi ƙoƙarin siyan babban katin zane ko haɓaka RAM na kwamfutarku? Wataƙila kun yi mamakin farashin, waɗanda suka ninka fiye da sau uku don wasu kayan. Me ke jawo wannan karuwar? Daga cikin wasu dalilai, da bukatar HBM memoryAmma menene ƙwaƙwalwar HBM kuma me yasa yake haɓaka farashin RAM da GPUs a cikin 2025?

Menene ainihin ƙwaƙwalwar HBM?Ƙwaƙwalwar Bandwidth Mai Girma)?

Duk ya fara ne azaman yanayin matsakaici a cikin 2024 wanda da sauri ya zama gaskiyar da ba za a iya gujewa ba a cikin 2025. Nan da nan, farashin RAM da GPU ya fara hawa cikin sauri. Mun riga mun yi ishara da wannan motsi na kasuwa a rubuce-rubucen da suka gabata, tare da dalilan da ke tattare da shi da tasirinsa a duniya(Duba batutuwan) Haɓakar farashin AMD GPUs saboda ƙarancin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya y Farashin DDR5 RAM yayi tashin gwauron zabi: me ke faruwa tare da farashi da haja).

Amma a yau mun zo nan don magana game da babban jigon wannan girgiza: ƙwaƙwalwar HBM. Wannan gajarta tana nufin Ƙwaƙwalwar Bandwidth Mai Girma ko Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwaƙwalwar Bandwidth, kuma tana nufin a fasahar hardware wanda ke haifar da yawan hayaniya. Kuma kamar yadda wataƙila kun riga kuka yi zargin, yana magance takamaiman buƙatu da ke da alaƙa da Intelligence Artificial.

Ba kamar ƙwaƙwalwar GDDR na gargajiya ba, wanda aka jera a kwance akan motherboard, Chips na HBM an jera su a tsayeDon haka suna gabatar da sauye-sauyen gine-gine masu tsattsauran ra'ayi: suna kama da ƙananan skyscrapers na silicon. Wannan tsari na 3D yana samun ɗimbin yawa a cikin ƙaramin sarari: ƙari a ƙasa.

Mafi girman gudu da ƙananan amfani

Kuma ta yaya suke haɗa juna da kuma na'ura mai sarrafawa? Ta hanyar Silicon Vias (TSVs), dubunnan mahaɗaɗɗen mahalli waɗanda ke gudana a tsaye ta cikin kwakwalwan kwamfutaWaɗannan haɗin gwiwar suna haifar da manyan hanyoyin bayanai masu saurin gaske tsakanin matakan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da mai sarrafawa. Don komai ya yi aiki da kyau, yana da mahimmanci cewa ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar HBM tana kusa da mai sarrafawa gwargwadon yiwuwa.

Don haka, maimakon kasancewa akan keɓaɓɓun kwakwalwan kwamfuta da aka siyar da su zuwa motherboard, ƙwaƙwalwar HBM tana tashe kai tsaye akan ko kusa da na'ura mai sarrafawa (GPU ko CPU). Ana samun wannan ta amfani da siliki mai shiga tsakani, wani abu na musamman wanda ke aiki azaman dandalin haɗin kai mai girma. Godiya ga wannan zane, hanyoyin lantarki sun fi guntu, yana haifar da a ƙananan amfani da makamashi, ƙananan latency, da babban bandwidth.

Don ba ku ra'ayi: Ƙwaƙwalwar GDDR6X, ƙirar zamani ta zamani, ta kai kusan 1 TB/s na bandwidth. Da bambanci, Nau'in HBM3E na yanzu sun wuce 1.2 TB/sKuma tare da HBM4 akan hanya, ana tsammanin aikin zai yi girma sosai.

Ƙwaƙwalwar HBM: Me yasa RAM da GPUs suke yin tsada a cikin 2025

A ma’ana, idan aka yi la’akari da yaɗuwar ilimin ɗan adam, akwai wani girma bukatar HBM memory A cikin kasuwar fasaha, duk samfuran AI masu haɓakawa suna da abu ɗaya gama gari: yawan amfani da bandwidth na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya. Fasahar kayan masarufi na gargajiya ba za ta iya ci gaba ba, amma tsarin HBM yana magance wannan matsalar cikin ladabi da inganci.

Amma AI ba direba kaɗai ba ne. Sauran sassa, kamar Ƙididdigar ƙididdigewa, kwaikwaiyon kwayoyin halitta, ko ingantaccen gaskiya mai inganciHakanan suna amfana daga iyawar HBM. A bayyane yake: yayin da waɗannan aikace-aikacen suka zama masu rikitarwa da buƙata, canzawa zuwa gine-gine tare da ƙwaƙwalwar bandwidth mai girma ba makawa.

Don haka, kamfanonin kamar NVIDIA, Google, da Sabis na Yanar Gizo na Amazon Sun sanya hannu kan kwangiloli na shekaru da yawa don tabbatar da wadatar ƙwaƙwalwar HBM.Wanene masana'antun? Babban yankin yana cikin Asiya da Amurka: Samsung, SK Hynix Micron da Microsoft sune kamfanonin da ke da alhakin biyan wannan bukata. Hakanan suna kera RAM na gargajiya... kuma shine tushen tsadarsa.

Samfurin ya faɗi… farashin ya tashi

A zahiri, duk lokaci da albarkatu na kamfanonin kera semiconductor an karkatar da su zuwa samar da ƙwaƙwalwar HBM. Kuma a hankali, wannan Wannan yana rage damar da ake samu don kera GDDR da ƙwaƙwalwar DDR. na al'ada. Samar da faɗuwa… ƙarancin ya taso… farashin ya tashi… abu ne mai sauƙi.

Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa kera waɗannan abubuwan tunawa wani tsari ne mai rikitarwa, wanda ya bambanta da samar da GDDR da DDR. Saboda haka, ba abu ne mai sauƙi kamar dakatar da samar da samfurin ɗaya don ci gaba da samar da ɗayan ba. Hakanan ya shafi albarkatun ƙasa: ana buƙatar kayan musamman don samar da ƙwaƙwalwar HBM. A takaice: Layukan ƙira ne daban.

Kuma a kan wannan dole ne a ƙara yawan adadin masu samarwa a Koriya ta Kudu da Amurka. Wannan gaskiyar ta ƙayyade ƙarfin amsawar duniya, wanda Wannan yana ƙara haɓaka farashin a Turai.Menene tasiri ga masu amfani? Alkaluman da ke gaba suna kwatanta nawa wannan ya yi tasiri ga hauhawar farashin RAM da GPUs a cikin 2025:

• Haɓaka 20% zuwa 40% a cikin farashin jumloli nan da 2025 DDR5 RAM.
• Kwata-kan-kwata yana ƙaruwa daga 8% zuwa 13% in DRAM don sabobin, tare da matsananciyar lokuta har zuwa 40% - 50%.
• Karancin wadata Ƙwaƙwalwar zane (GDDR6/GDDR7), yana shafar GPUs masu amfani.
• Ƙarar kwata-kan-kwata sama da kashi 10 cikin ɗari Bayanan Bayani na LPDDR5X don na'urorin hannu.

HBM Memoirs: Abin da za ku yi tsammani a nan gaba

A ƙarshe, zamu iya cewa Samar da abubuwan tunawa na al'ada ba shine fifiko baDuk idanu suna kan ƙwaƙwalwar HBM. Misali, Micron, daya daga cikin manyan masana'antun ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya guda uku a duniya, kwanan nan ya sanar da cewa zai bar kasuwa. Don ƙarin bayani, karanta labarin. Micron yana rufe Muhimmanci: Kamfanin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar mabukaci mai tarihi ya yi bankwana da igiyar AI.

Yayin da wasu hanyoyin magance su ke fitowa, masu siye da kasuwanci za su yi gwagwarmaya tare da manyan farashi da iyakantaccen samuwa. Ƙwaƙwalwar HBM ita ce ke da alhakin haɓakar farashin RAM da GPUs a cikin 2025. irin wannan dabarun dabarun ci gaban AI da sauran fasahaBa abin mamaki ba ne cewa za ta ci gaba da samun albarkatu da hankali a cikin watanni da shekaru masu zuwa.