Akwai kayan aikin layin umarni don gudanar da ingantaccen zaman da yawa waɗanda suka shahara sosai a cikin mahallin Unix, kamar Linux ya da macOS. A cikin wannan shigarwar za mu yi bayani Menene Tmux. Wani ɗan jagora mai amfani ga masu farawa.
Tmux gajarta ce ta Tashar Multiplexer. Ma'anar multixer lokacin da muke magana game da tashoshi shine na shirin da ke ba da damar mai amfani sarrafa zaman kama-da-wane da yawa a cikin tasha ɗaya. Abubuwan da ke da amfani musamman lokacin aiki tare da sabar nesa ko kuma lokacin da ake buƙatar aiwatar da umarni da yawa lokaci guda a cikin windows daban-daban.
Menene Tmux?
A matsayin mai kyau m multiplexer, Tmux ya ba mu damar raba zaman tasha ɗaya zuwa manyan windows-windows ko panes da yawa cikin tagar da kanta. Ta wannan hanyar, za mu iya ware kowane ɗayan waɗannan ƙananan windows don gudanar da shirye-shirye ko zaman daban-daban shell. Wannan, aƙalla, shi ne manufar mahaliccinsa. Nicholas Marriott, lokacin da ta ƙaddamar da sigar farko na wannan multiplexer a cikin 2007.
Wani al'amari mai ban sha'awa shi ne cewa yana ba mu damar cire haɗin kuma sake haɗawa zuwa zama a kowane lokaci ba tare da katse hanyoyin da ke gudana ba. Wannan ya dace sosai lokacin da ake mu'amala da haɗin kai mai nisa ko ayyuka na dogon lokaci.
Waɗannan fasalulluka suna sa software ta Tmux ta dace musamman don wasu nau'ikan ayyuka. Ga misali, wadannan:
- Abubuwan haɓakawa akan sabobin nesa.
- Ayyuka na atomatik da saka idanu.
- Ingantaccen tsari na ayyuka da yawa.
Hanyar da ta fi dacewa don amfani da Tmux ita ce ƙirƙirar zaman zaman kansu da yawa. (ɗaya don haɓakawa, wani don saka idanu, wasu don sarrafa uwar garken, da sauransu) waɗanda za mu iya sarrafa cikin nutsuwa daga saka idanu iri ɗaya, samun damar tsalle daga wannan zaman zuwa wani cikin sauƙi kuma a duk lokacin da muke so.
Yadda ake shigar Tmux
Yanzu da muka san menene Tmux, bari mu ga yadda ake shigar da shi akan kwamfutar mu. Shigar da Tmux abu ne mai sauƙi akan tsarin aiki na tushen Unix kamar macOS ko Linux. Mun yi bayaninsa a kasa:
A kan macOS
Don shigar da Tmux akan macOS Tmux muna amfani da mai sarrafa kunshin Abincin gida. Waɗannan su ne umarnin da dole ne mu yi amfani da su a cikin tashar:
- Domin shigar homebrew: «$ (curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)«
- Domin shigar da Tmux: Baya shigar da tmux
- Domin tabbatar da kafuwa: mux -V
A kan Linux
Idan tsarin ne bisa Arch Linux, yana yiwuwa a shigar da Tmux daga ma'ajiyar kayan aikin Arch. Hanyar ta fi sauƙi:
- Mataki 1: Mun bude tasha.
- Mataki 2: Mun shigar da Tmux ta amfani da mai sarrafa kunshin pacman:
A kan Windows
Ee, Hakanan yana yiwuwa a shigar da Tmux akan Windows, kodayake a cikin wannan yanayin tsarin yana ɗan ƙara rikitarwa:
- Mataki na farko shine shigar WSL (Windows Subsystem for Linux). Don yin wannan, buɗe PowerShell a matsayin mai gudanarwa kuma gudanar da wannan umarni: wsl – shigar
- Bayan muna buɗe rarraba Linux ɗinmu a cikin WSL kuma muna bin umarnin. Umarnin da muke bukata su ne:
- sabunta sudo apt
- sudo apt shigar tmux
- A ƙarshe, don fara amfani da Tmux muna aiwatar da wannan umarni: tmux
Yadda ake amfani da Tmux
Don fara amfani da Tmux, dole ne ku fara fahimtar yadda ƙungiyar ku take. Kowane bude zaman ya hada da rukuni na tagogi. Kowane ɗayan waɗannan tagogin daidai yake da tasha, don haka zaman guda zai iya samun tagogi masu yawa. A ƙarshe, ana iya raba windows zuwa bangarori.
Siffar da ke ba mu damar amfani da Tmux da sauri shine yiwuwar amfani da daban-daban gajerun hanyoyin keyboard. Waɗannan su ne mafi yawanci kuma masu amfani:
- Tmux prefix: Ctrl + b
- Ƙirƙiri sabuwar taga: Ctrl + b, sannan c
- Tsaga taga (a kwance): Ctrl + b, sannan"
- Tagar da aka raba (a tsaye): Ctrl + b, sannan %
- Matsa tsakanin bangarori: Ctrl + b, sannan mu yi amfani da kiban.
- Cire haɗin zaman: Ctrl + b, sannan d
- Sake haɗa zaman: tmux sawa
- Rufe panel ko taga: fita ko Ctrl + d
Baya ga wannan, Tmux yana ba mu ban sha'awa zaɓuɓɓukan keɓancewa. Wannan yana yiwuwa ta ƙirƙirar fayil ɗin sanyi wanda kowane mai amfani zai iya ƙara lamba gwargwadon abubuwan da suke so da abubuwan da suke so.
Don ƙirƙirar wannan fayil, dole ne ku aiwatar da umarni mai zuwa: sudo taba ~/.tmux.conf
Don ƙara lambar daidaitawa, dole ne mu buɗe fayil ɗin tare da editan rubutu kuma shigar da saitunan da muke buƙata. Nan suka tafi wasu misalai cewa za mu iya amfani da:
Canja tsoho prefix
Idan muna son Ctrl+a maimakon Ctrl+b, za mu rubuta mai zuwa:
# Canza prefix daga 'Ctrl+B' zuwa 'Ctrl+A'
warware Cb
saitin zaɓi -g prefix Ca
daure-key Ca aika prefix
Yi amfani da yanayin linzamin kwamfuta
Don raba tare da tsoffin gajerun hanyoyi kuma matsar da tagogi da fafuna ta amfani da linzamin kwamfuta. Umurnin shine:
saita -g linzamin kwamfuta
Canja launi bangon panel
Idan kuna son canza bango daga baki (tsoho) zuwa fari, wannan zai zama umarnin amfani:
set -g taga-active-style bg=fari
Za ku sami ƙarin dabaru irin wannan akan gidan yanar gizo TMUXCheatSheet.
A taƙaice, duk abin da muka bayyana a nan yana taimaka mana mu kammala abin da Tmux yake: kayan aiki mai ƙarfi da aiki, musamman ga masu haɓakawa da masu gudanar da tsarin. Gabaɗaya, ga kowane mai amfani da ke buƙata Yi aiki da kyau tare da tashoshi da yawa da matakai na lokaci guda.
Edita ya ƙware a fannin fasaha da al'amuran intanet tare da gogewa fiye da shekaru goma a cikin kafofin watsa labaru na dijital daban-daban. Na yi aiki a matsayin edita da mahaliccin abun ciki don kasuwancin e-commerce, sadarwa, tallan kan layi da kamfanonin talla. Na kuma yi rubutu a shafukan yanar gizo na tattalin arziki, kudi da sauran fannoni. Aikina kuma shine sha'awata. Yanzu, ta hanyar labarai na a ciki Tecnobits, Ina ƙoƙarin bincika duk labarai da sababbin damar da duniyar fasahar ke ba mu kowace rana don inganta rayuwarmu.