Menene XMP/EXPO da yadda ake kunna shi lafiya

Lokacin gina PC, abu ne na al'ada don jin ɗan ruɗani ta sharuddan kamar XMP/EXPO, JEDEC ko bayanan martabaKuna duba akwatin RAM ɗin ku, duba lambobi kamar 6000 MHz, CL30, 1,35 V… sannan ku shiga BIOS kuma komai yana bayyana akan 4800 MHz. An yaudare ku? Ba kwata-kwata: kawai kuna buƙatar kunna ingantattun fasahar fasaha.

A cikin wannan labarin za mu kwantar da hankulan abin da suke Intel XMP da AMD EXPO: yadda suke aiki, menene bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin su, da yadda ake kunna suManufar ita ce ku fahimci dalilin da yasa ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar ku ba ta aiki kamar yadda aka yi talla da abin da kuke buƙatar daidaitawa (ba tare da lalata abubuwa ba) don samun ƙarin megahertz da kuka biya.

Menene JEDEC kuma me yasa RAM ɗinku yayi "hankali" fiye da abin da yake faɗi akan akwatin?

Lokacin da ka shigar da na'urar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya a cikin kwamfutarka, daidaitaccen tsari da aka bayyana ta hanyar JEDEC, ƙungiyar da ke saita ƙayyadaddun RAM na hukumaWaɗannan ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai sun saita mitoci, ƙarfin lantarki, da latencies "aminci" waɗanda kowane motherboard da processor yakamata su iya sarrafa ba tare da matsala ba.

Shi ya sa za ku ga nassoshi kamar DDR4-2133, DDR4-2666 ko DDR5-4800Waɗannan ƙayyadaddun matakan tushe ne, masu dacewa da kusan komai. Modulolin sun haɗa da bayanan martaba na JEDEC da yawa tare da mitar ra'ayin mazan jiya daban-daban da ƙimar lokaci a cikin guntuwar SPD (Serial Presence Detect).

Dabarar ita ce yawancin kayan aiki masu inganci suna talla, alal misali, DDR5-6000 CL30 ya da DDR4-3600 CL16Amma waɗannan alkalumman ba na bayanan bayanan JEDEC ba ne, amma ga ƙarin daidaitawar overclocking waɗanda aka adana daban ta amfani da XMP ko EXPO.

Idan baku kunna ɗayan waɗannan bayanan martaba na ci gaba ba, motherboard ɗin zai kasance a cikin bayanin martaba na JEDEC "lafiya" kuma ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar ku zata shafi. Zai yi aiki a ƙananan gudu ko tare da ƙarancin latency. Wannan ya saba wa abin da tallace-tallacen masana'anta ke nunawa. Ba aibi ba ne; dabi'un da aka yi niyya don tabbatar da farawa da dacewa akan kowane dandamali.

Menene Intel XMP (Extreme Memory Profile)?

Intel XMP, gajarta don Intel eXtreme Memory ProfileFasaha ce da Intel ta ƙirƙira wacce ke ba ku damar adana bayanan sirri da aka tabbatar da overclocking a cikin RAM kanta: mitar, latencies da ƙarfin lantarki a shirye don amfani tare da dannawa biyu a cikin BIOS.

Tunanin yana da sauƙi: maimakon mai amfani ya shigar da kowane lokaci da ƙarfin lantarki da hannu, ƙirar ta ƙunshi bayanan martaba na XMP ɗaya ko fiye da aka riga aka gwada. Kunna su yana bawa motherboard damar daidaita saitunan daidai. Yana daidaita duk sigogin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ta atomatik. zuwa ƙimar da masana'anta ke nunawa.

Waɗannan bayanan martaba suna aiwatar da tsarin tabbatarwa: mai haɗa RAM yana gwada su sosai, kuma a cikin yanayin XMP, ana bincika su daidai da bukatun Intel. Wannan yana tabbatar da cewa, a ka'idar, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya Ya kamata ya yi aiki da ƙarfi a waɗannan mitoci da latencies. in dai har CPU memory control da motherboard sun goyi bayansa.

Intel XMP a mizanin mallakar mallaka da rufaffiyar tusheKodayake Intel ba ya yawan cajin kuɗin lasisi kai tsaye ga kowane nau'in, kamfani ne ke sarrafa tsarin takaddun shaida kuma cikakkun bayanan tabbatarwa ba na jama'a bane.

A cikin shekaru, XMP ya samo asali zuwa nau'i-nau'i da yawa, tare da ƙarnuka daban-daban na ƙwaƙwalwar DDR, kuma a yau ya kasance. ma'auni na de facto a cikin manyan ayyuka masu inganci DDR4 da DDR5.

Juyin Halitta na XMP: daga DDR3 zuwa DDR5

Bayanan martaba na farko na XMP sun bayyana a kusa da 2007, lokacin da Babban darajar DDR3Har sai lokacin, overclocking RAM yana nufin shigar da BIOS, mitoci na gwaji, daidaita lokaci da hannu, ƙara ƙarin ƙarfin lantarki… da ketare yatsa. XMP 1.0 ya ƙyale tsarin da kansa ya zo tare da saitin "shirye-shiryen-amfani" ɗaya ko biyu.

Da isowar DDR4 a kusa da 2014Intel ya gabatar da XMP 2.0. Wannan ma'auni ya faɗaɗa damar daidaitawa, ingantacciyar dacewa tsakanin uwayen uwa da na'urorin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, da kiyaye maƙasudin tsakiya: cewa kowane mai amfani zai iya. Buɗe ainihin yuwuwar RAM ɗin ku ba tare da kasancewa ƙwararren mai overclocking ba.

Babban tsalle ya zo da zuwan DDR5 da Intel Alder Lake (ƙarni na 12) masu sarrafawa. Ya bayyana a cikin 2021. XMP 3.0Wannan ya ba da damar haɗa bayanan martaba har guda biyar a cikin tsarin: uku sun ayyana ta masana'anta da biyu masu amfani da za su iya gyarawa. Ana iya ƙirƙira waɗannan bayanan martaba na al'ada, daidaita su, da adana su kai tsaye a cikin RAM kanta.

Godiya ga XMP 3.0, yawancin ƙwararrun kayan aikin DDR5 suna tallata mitoci mai girma, sama da 5600, 6400 har ma da 8000 MT/sSamar da dandamali (CPU da motherboard) damar da shi. Masu sana'anta suna zaɓar guntu masu inganci da ƙira masu tsauri, duk da haka barga, saiti.

A taƙaice, bayanan martaba na XMP shine daidaitaccen hanya a cikin Intel (da kuma a yawancin uwayen uwa na AMD ta hanyar fassarar ciki) zuwa sarrafa ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ta atomatik overclockingSamar da damar wani abu wanda a baya keɓantacce ga masu son ci gaba sosai.

Menene AMD EXPO (Extended Profiles for Overclocking)

Tare da zuwan na'urori masu sarrafawa AMD Ryzen 7000 da AM5 dandamaliAMD ta yanke shawarar daina dogaro da “fassara” XMP kuma ta ƙaddamar da daidaitattun bayanan martabar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyarta don DDR5: AMD EXPO, gajeriyar Bayanan Bayanan Fassara don Overclocking.

A zahiri, EXPO yana yin abu iri ɗaya da XMP: yana adana bayanan martaba ɗaya ko fiye a cikin RAM waɗanda ke ayyana. Mitar, latency, da ƙarfin lantarki da aka inganta don masu sarrafa AMDTa hanyar kunna su a cikin BIOS/UEFI, motherboard ta atomatik tana daidaita duk sigogi don samun sauƙin aiki daga ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya.

Babban bambanci shi ne AMD EXPO buɗaɗɗe ne, mizanin sarauta mara iziniDuk wani masana'anta na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na iya aiwatar da EXPO ba tare da biyan lasisi ga AMD ba, kuma bayanan ingantattun kayayyaki (lokacin da masana'anta suka buga) a bayyane suke kuma ana iya samun su.

An tsara EXPO tun daga farko tare da DDR5 da kuma gine-ginen na'urori na Ryzen na zamani a zuciya: haɗakar mai sarrafa ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, Infinity Fabric, dangantaka tsakanin mitar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da bas na ciki, da dai sauransu. Saboda haka, EXPO profiles yawanci ana saurare don ba da ma'auni mai kyau tsakanin mita, latency, da kwanciyar hankali akan dandamali na AMD.

Har zuwa yau, EXPO yana samuwa na musamman a ciki DDR5 moduleBa za ku sami DDR3 ko DDR4 tare da wannan takaddun shaida ba, yayin da XMP ke nan a cikin duk tsararraki uku (DDR3, DDR4, da DDR5).

Bambance-bambancen XMP/EXPO

Ko da yake a aikace duka biyun fasahohin na nufin abu ɗaya ne - don yin saurin rufe RAM - akwai mahimman abubuwan da ke tsakanin su XMP da EXPO waɗanda suke da mahimmanci a fahimta ko za ku sayi sabon ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ko gina PC daga karce.

• Trajectory da yanayin muhalliXMP ya kasance akan kasuwa sama da shekaru goma kuma yana nan a cikin DDR3, DDR4, da DDR5 marasa adadi. EXPO, a gefe guda, kwanan nan ne kuma an yi muhawara tare da DDR5 da Ryzen 7000, kodayake ɗaukar sa yana girma cikin sauri.
• Yanayin ma'auniAn rufe XMP: Intel ne ke sarrafa tsarin ba da takaddun shaida, kuma ba a bayyana cikakkun bayanan cikin jama'a ba. EXPO yana buɗewa: masana'antun za su iya aiwatar da shi kyauta, kuma ana iya yin rikodin bayanan martaba da kuma tuntuɓar su ba tare da AMD ba.
• Daidaitawa da ingantawaKit ɗin XMP yawanci yana aiki akan mahaifar Intel kuma, ta hanyar fasaha kamar DOCP (ASUS), EOCP (GIGABYTE), ko A-XMP (MSI), kuma akan yawancin uwayen AMD, kodayake ba koyaushe tare da ingantaccen tsari don Ryzen ba. Kayan aikin EXPO, a gefe guda, an tsara su musamman don motherboards na AMD tare da tallafin DDR5, kuma a ka'idar, ana iya amfani da su akan dandamalin Intel idan masana'antar uwa ta aiwatar da tallafin, amma wannan ba kowa bane ko garanti.

A aikace, zaku ga kayan DDR5 waɗanda ke tallata XMP kawai, wasu waɗanda ke tallata EXPO kawai, da yawa waɗanda suka haɗa da. XMP/EXPO bayanan martaba biyu a cikin wannan module. Waɗannan suna da ban sha'awa musamman idan kuna shirin canza dandamali a nan gaba ko kuna son matsakaicin matsakaici.

Yadda ake kunna bayanan Intel XMP ko AMD EXPO a cikin BIOS/UEFI

XMP ko EXPO kunnawa kusan koyaushe ana yin su daga motherboard BIOS ko UEFITsarin ya bambanta dan kadan dangane da masana'anta, amma dabarar tana kama da kowane yanayi kuma an kammala ta cikin ƴan matakai.

1. Mataki na farko shine shigar da BIOS yayin farawa kwamfutar.Yawancin lokaci, kawai danna Delete, F2, Esc, ko wani maɓalli da motherboard ɗinku ya nuna zai wadatar, bayan kun kunna kwamfutarka kuma kafin tsarin aiki ya hau. Idan ba ku da tabbas, littafin mahaifiyarku zai fayyace maɓalli daidai.
2. Da zarar an shiga, alluna da yawa da farko suna nuna "Yanayin Sauƙi" tare da zaɓuɓɓukan gama gari. A cikin wannan yanayin, shigarwar bayyane kamar "XMP", "A-XMP", "EXPO", "DOCP", ko "OC Tweaker" yawanci zai bayyana. A cikin waɗannan menus, zaku iya zaɓar bayanin martabar da kuke son amfani da shi ( Profile na XMP 1, Profile na XMP 2, EXPO I, EXPO II, da sauransu).
3. Idan BIOS ba shi da sauƙaƙan yanayin, dole ne ka je sassan kamar Ai Tweaker, Extreme Tweaker, OC, Advanced, ko makamantansu. kuma nemi sashin da aka sadaukar don RAM. A can za ku sami zaɓi don kunna bayanan bayanan overclocking na RAM kuma zaɓi wanda za ku nema.
4. Bayan zaɓar bayanin martabar da ake so, abin da ya rage shine a adana canje-canje kuma a sake farawa.Ana yin wannan yawanci ta latsa F10 ko shigar da Menu na Ajiye & Fita. Bayan sake kunnawa, RAM ya kamata ya kasance yana aiki a mitar da latencies da waccan bayanin martaba ya ayyana, muddin haɗin CPU-motherboard yana goyan bayansa.

Amfani da software don sarrafa bayanan martaba

Duk da yake ana ba da shawarar daidaita waɗannan sigogi ta hanyar BIOS/UEFI, a wasu lokuta kuma kuna iya sarrafa bayanan martaba ta hanyar software a cikin tsarin aiki. A cikin yanayin yanayin AMD, kayan aikin da aka fi sani shine ... Ryzen Jagora.

Ryzen Master yana ba ku damar canza wasu fannoni na tsarin sarrafawa kuma, a wasu sigogin, kuma Daidaita saurin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya kuma yi amfani da saitunan tushen EXPO ba tare da shiga BIOS kai tsaye ba. Duk da haka, duk wani gagarumin canje-canje ga lokaci da ƙarfin lantarki yawanci har yanzu yana buƙatar sabunta firmware na motherboard.

Ko da kuwa hanyar da kuke amfani da ita, yana da kyau a bincika ƙimar da aka yi amfani da su bayan haka tare da kayan aiki kamar su. CPU-Z, HWiNFO, ko Windows Task Manager, inda za ka iya ganin tasiri mai tasiri ("Memory Speed") kuma tabbatar da cewa bayanin martaba yana aiki.

Idan kun fuskanci hadarurruka, allon shuɗi, ko sake farawa bayan kunna bayanin martaba mai ƙarfi, zaku iya komawa BIOS kuma canza zuwa bayanin martaba mai laushi ko komawa zuwa ƙimar JEDEC har sai kun sami kwanciyar hankali don kayan aikin ku.

Ka tuna cewa a cikin DDR5, manyan bayanan martaba galibi ana yin su ne don biyu-module saitunaIdan kun cika dukkan bankunan guda huɗu, hukumar na iya rage mitar ta atomatik ko kuma matsanancin bayanin martaba na iya zama mara ƙarfi.

Daidaita XMP da EXPO tare da motherboards da masu sarrafawa

Don amfani da waɗannan bayanan martaba, kuna buƙatar guda uku don daidaitawa: Samfuran RAM tare da XMP/EXPO, uwa mai jituwa, da CPU wanda mai sarrafa ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ke goyan bayan waɗannan mitoci.Idan ɗaya daga cikin ukun ya gaza, bayanin martaba bazai yi aiki ba ko yana iya aiki mara ƙarfi.

Ba duk kwakwalwar kwakwalwar Intel a zahiri ke ba da izinin overclocking ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ba. Chipsps na tsakiya-zuwa-ƙarshe kamar B560, Z590, B660, Z690, B760, Z790 kuma makamantan su suna goyan bayan sa, yayin da ƙananan kwakwalwan kwamfuta kamar H510 ko H610 yawanci suna iyakance RAM zuwa ƙayyadaddun bayanai na JEDEC ko kunkuntar gefe.

A kan AMD, duk AM5 uwayen uwa da aka tsara don jerin Ryzen 7000 suna tallafawa EXPO, amma kuna buƙatar bincika. Jerin jituwa na motherboard (QVL) don ganin waɗanne na'urori an riga an gwada su kuma menene iyakar gudu a hukumance.

Wani muhimmin batu shine daidaitawar giciye: yawancin kayan aiki tare da XMP suna aiki akan motherboards na AMD godiya ga fassarorin kamar DOCP ko A-XMP, amma wannan baya nufin hakan. daidaitawar shine mafi kyau ga RyzenHakazalika, wasu mahaifiyar Intel na iya fahimtar EXPO, amma ba a ba da garantin ko fifiko ga Intel a hukumance ba.

Yanayin da ya dace, idan kana so ka guje wa ciwon kai, shine zabi RAM musamman bokan don dandalin kuXMP don tsarin Intel, EXPO don tsarin tare da Ryzen 7000 da DDR5, ko kayan XMP + EXPO dual idan kuna son matsakaicin matsakaici tsakanin duniyoyin biyu.

Hatsari, kwanciyar hankali, da garanti lokacin amfani da XMP ko EXPO

Tambayar gama gari ita ce ko kunna waɗannan bayanan martaba na iya "karya" na'urar ko ɓata garanti. A zahiri, ana la'akari da XMP da EXPO overclocking yana goyan bayan mai kera ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya kuma, a yawancin lokuta, ta na'urorin motherboard da CPU.

Abubuwan da aka sayar tare da waɗannan ƙayyadaddun bayanai sun kasance an gwada su sosai a mitoci da ƙarfin lantarki da aka yi tallarWannan ba yana nufin cewa kowane tsarin zai kasance 100% tsayayye a kowane yanayi ba, amma yana nufin cewa ƙimar suna cikin iyakoki masu ma'ana don amfanin yau da kullun.

Idan matsalolin rashin zaman lafiya sun taso lokacin kunna bayanin martaba (lambobin kuskuren ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, madaukai na boot, da sauransu), yawanci ana warware su tare da Sabunta BIOS / UEFI wanda ke inganta ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya "horo", musamman akan sababbin dandamali kamar AM5.

Yana da muhimmanci a san cewa Ba duk uwayen uwa ke goyan bayan madaidaicin mitoci iri ɗaya ba.Bayanan martaba na iya aiki daidai akan takamaiman samfuri ɗaya amma yana da matsala akan ƙaramin ƙarshen. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa yana da mahimmanci don bincika QVL na motherboard da takaddun masana'anta.

Game da garanti, yin amfani da XMP ko EXPO a cikin ma'aunin da aka ayyana ta tsarin yawanci baya haifar da wata matsala. Koyaya, haɓaka ƙarfin lantarki da hannu sama da matakan da aka ba da shawarar wani labari ne na daban; wannan shine lokacin da kuka shiga fagen ƙarin wuce gona da iri, tare da haɗarinsa.

Fahimtar yadda XMP da EXPO ke aiki yana ba ku damar fita daga samun ƙwaƙwalwar "matsakaici" zuwa juya shi zuwa wani cikakken amfani da babban aiki bangaren, ba tare da yin kokawa tare da ma'auni masu yawa na ɓoye ba kuma ba tare da ƙarin haɗari ba fiye da kashe 'yan mintuna kaɗan don daidaita kayan aikin ku yadda ya kamata.

Labarin da ke da alaƙa:

Farashin DDR5 RAM yayi tashin gwauron zabi: me ke faruwa tare da farashi da haja

Daniel Terrasa

Edita ya ƙware a fannin fasaha da al'amuran intanet tare da gogewa fiye da shekaru goma a cikin kafofin watsa labaru na dijital daban-daban. Na yi aiki a matsayin edita da mahaliccin abun ciki don kasuwancin e-commerce, sadarwa, tallan kan layi da kamfanonin talla. Na kuma yi rubutu a shafukan yanar gizo na tattalin arziki, kudi da sauran fannoni. Aikina kuma shine sha'awata. Yanzu, ta hanyar labarai na a ciki Tecnobits, Ina ƙoƙarin bincika duk labarai da sababbin damar da duniyar fasahar ke ba mu kowace rana don inganta rayuwarmu.