COSMIC Pop!_OS 24.04 LTS: Wannan shine sabon tebur na System76

Zuwan Pop!_OS 24.04 LTS Wannan yana wakiltar lokacin juyawa ga System76 kuma, ta hanyar faɗaɗawa, don tsarin GNU/Linux na tebur. Wannan sigar tana nuna fitowar hukuma ta COSMIC a matsayin yanayin tebur mai karko, a Tsarin aiki na musamman wanda aka haɓaka daga karce a cikin Rust wanda a ƙarshe ya bar tsohon tsarin gyare-gyare a saman GNOME.

Bayan shekaru da yawa na aiki, nau'ikan alpha da beta na jama'a, System76 a ƙarshe ya gabatar COSMIC Desktop Environment Epoch 1wanda ya zama ƙwarewar da aka saba gani akan Pop!_OS. Tushen ya kasance Ubuntu 24.04 LTSDuk da haka, ɓangaren gani, aikin aiki, da kuma yawancin mahimman aikace-aikacen suna zama ƙarƙashin jagorancin kamfanin kai tsaye, tare da mai da hankali kan tebur mai sauri, daidaito kuma mai sauƙin daidaitawa.

Sabon yanayin tebur da aka rubuta a cikin Rust wanda ke yin bankwana da GNOME Shell

System76 ya shafe shekaru yana keɓance GNOME, amma kamfanin ya yarda cewa ya yi hakan ya kai iyakar abin da za a iya yi da harsashi na gargajiyaTare da COSMIC, sun zaɓi wani babban sauyi: teburinsu na zamani wanda aka gina a cikin Rust ta amfani da tsarin aiki na zamani. kayan aiki Kankara. Manufar ita ce samar da yanayi na zamani, mai sauƙin amfani, da aminci ba tare da jan hankalin ƙa'idodin tsarin GNOME ba.

A cikin hulɗa ta farko, mai amfani zai gane wasu fasaloli da aka saba da su na salon GNOMETsari mai tsabta, bangarori, na'urar ƙaddamarwa, da kuma mai da hankali sosai kan yawan aiki. Duk da haka, lokacin buɗe aikace-aikace da yawa, motsawa tsakanin wuraren aiki, ko canza tsarin allon, ya bayyana cewa yanayi ne daban, tare da nasa dabarun ciki da kuma keɓancewa mai zurfi.

Manufar System76 ita ce Waɗanda suka riga sun yi amfani da Pop!_OS bai kamata su ji kamar sun ɓace ba.amma cewa suna iya karya tsoffin corsetsCOSMIC yana haɗa abubuwan tebur na gargajiya tare da ra'ayoyi na yau da kullun na manajojin taga masu tayal (tiling), wani abu da har yanzu ana tilasta wa masu amfani da yawa su saita ta amfani da kari ko saitunan ci gaba.

Bayan kyawawan halaye, sadaukar da kai ga Rust yana da wani ɓangare na fasaha a bayyane yake: Ba da fifiko ga tsaron ƙwaƙwalwa da aikintaKamfanin ya dage cewa Yawancin darajar COSMIC ta ta'allaka ne da kasancewar saitin "LEGO guda" a buɗe kuma za a iya sake amfani da su. cewa wasu ayyuka za su iya faɗaɗa, daidaita, ko haɗa su cikin rarrabawarsu.

Canjin zamani: daga Pop!_OS tare da GNOME zuwa Pop!_OS tare da COSMIC

Har zuwa yanzu, Pop!_OS ya dogara da GNOME tare da nasa tsarin haɓakawa da gyare-gyare. Tare da Pop!_OS 24.04 LTS, COSMIC ya zama yanayin tebur na asaliGNOME an mayar da shi ne galibi ga abubuwan ciki da wasu aikace-aikace waɗanda ba su da maye gurbin kai tsaye.

System76 ya fara da kayan aikin yau da kullun da kowane mai amfani ke amfani da su. An maye gurbin aikace-aikacen GNOME da yawa da aka saba da su madadin asali COSMICan tsara shi musamman don wannan tebur kuma an rubuta shi da Rust:

• Fayilolin COSMIC, mai sarrafa fayil wanda ya karɓi ragamar aiki daga Nautilus.
• Tashar COSMIC, abokin ciniki na layin umarni wanda ke maye gurbin GNOME Terminal.
• Editan Rubutu na COSMIC, editan rubutu mai sauƙi don takardu da lambar.
• Mai kunna kafofin watsa labarai na COSMIC, mai sauƙin kunna multimedia tare da tallafin subtitle.
• Shagon Cosmic, wani sabon shagon manhaja wanda ya maye gurbin Pop!_Shop.

Bugu da ƙari, muhallin ya haɗa da mataimakiyar maraba wanda ke sauƙaƙa matakai na farko, daga saitunan yanki zuwa tsarin tebur, da kuma kayan aikin kamawa mai haɗawa wanda ke kama da na GNOME amma an daidaita shi da harshen gani na COSMIC.

Duk da wannan babban sauyi, Pop!_OS ya ci gaba da dogaro da GNOME don wasu sassa waɗanda ba a sake aiwatar da su ba tukuna: mai duba hoto, mai duba tsarin, da sauran kayan aiki sun kasance sigar GNOME. Bugu da ƙari, akwai aikace-aikacen tunani a cikin tsarin Linux kamar Firefox, Thunderbird ko LibreOffice, waɗanda suka kasance a matsayin zaɓuɓɓukan tsoho saboda girmansu da kuma karɓar su da yawa.

Duk wannan an haɗa shi bisa ga Ubuntu 24.04 LTStare da sabbin abubuwan da aka gyara kamar kernel Linux 6.17, tsarin 255 da kuma graphics tari Tebur 25.1Bugu da ƙari, direbobin NVIDIA 580 suna samuwa ga waɗanda ke buƙatar zane-zane na musamman. A aikace, wannan yana fassara zuwa babban tallafin kayan aiki da yanayin tebur wanda, banda ƙananan matsaloli, ya riga ya nuna alƙawari a matsayin tsarin da ya dace na dogon lokaci.

Keɓancewa, tayal ɗin taga, da wuraren aiki na ci gaba

Ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da COSMIC ke sayarwa shine hanyar da za a iya amfani da ita wajen yin ... yana sarrafa windows, wuraren aiki, da allo da yawaMuhalli yana ba da tsarin mosaic (tiling) wanda za a iya amfani da shi tare da gajerun hanyoyin linzamin kwamfuta da madannai, ba tare da tilasta wa kowa ya yi watsi da samfurin taga mai iyo ba.

Mai amfani zai iya kunna mosaic daga mai zaɓin zaɓi mai sauƙi akan panel, kuma daga can Shirya tagogi ta wurin aiki da kuma ta hanyar na'urar sa idoGajerun hanyoyin suna da sauƙin koya, kuma yana yiwuwa a sake sanya tagogi ta hanyar jan su, tare da alamun gani da ke nuna inda za su dace.

The Wuraren aiki An kuma inganta su sosai. COSMIC yana ba ku damar zaɓar tsakanin tsarin kwance ko a tsaye, yanke shawara ko kowane mai duba yana da nasa saitin wuraren aiki ko kuma idan an raba su, sanya wasu kwamfutocin tebur don kada su ɓace, kuma ku riƙe tsarin bayan sake kunnawa. Ga waɗanda ke aiki da kwamfutocin tebur da yawa a lokaci guda, akwai ma Applet wanda ke nuna adadin wurare masu aiki akan allon ko tashar jiragen ruwa.

Taimako don masu saka idanu da yawa An tsara shi ne don saitunan zamani: ana iya haɗa nunin faifai masu ƙuduri mai girma da na'urorin saka idanu na yau da kullun, tare da sikelin atomatik bisa ga yawan pixel da zaɓuɓɓukan gyarawa a cikin saitunan. Lokacin da aka cire allon, tagogi da aka nuna akan sa za a mayar da su zuwa sabon wurin aiki akan sauran nunin, don tabbatar da cewa suna nan a bayyane.

Dangane da keɓancewa, sashen da ke kan Saituna > Tebur ba ka damar canza jigogi, launuka masu lafazi, matsayin faifan, da halayen tashar jiragen ruwaZa ka iya zaɓar babban panel mai tashar jiragen ruwa ta ƙasa, ko kuma panel ɗaya, ko kuma sanya duka abubuwan biyu a gefen kowane allo. Daga nan, za ka iya sarrafa "applets" na panel ɗin, waɗanda ke ba da ƙarin aiki ba tare da dogaro da ƙarin fasali na ɓangare na uku ba.

Manhajojin COSMIC da shagon software da aka gyara

Ana maye gurbin Pop!_Shop da sabon Shagon Cosmic Wannan wani babban sauyi ne. Wannan shagon yana ba ku damar shigar da sabunta aikace-aikace a cikin tsarin biyu. DEB kamar yadda yake a cikin Flatpak, tare da An kunna ma'ajiyar ajiya ta Flathub da System76 tun daga farkon boot ɗinManufar ita ce a sauƙaƙa bincike da sarrafa software, ta hanyar hana mai amfani da shi ƙara ƙarin tushe da hannu.

Shagon yana cike da saitin Aikace-aikacen COSMIC na asali Waɗannan kayan aikin suna rufe muhimman ayyuka na yau da kullun. Fayiloli suna sauƙaƙa kewaya babban fayil, Terminal ya haɗa da shafuka da raba taga, editan rubutu yana da sauƙi amma yana da iyawa, kuma mai kunna kafofin watsa labarai yana rufe abubuwan asali, gami da tallafin subtitle. Don hotunan allo, tsarin yana ba da kayan aiki irin na GNOME wanda aka haɗa cikin ƙirar COSMIC.

Waɗannan aikace-aikacen suna da irin wannan falsafar: haske, gudu da kuma daidaiton ganiAna iya ganin amfani da Rust a cikin saurin da suke buɗewa da amsawa, wani abu da ake yabawa musamman a cikin kwamfutoci masu matsakaicin matsayi, wanda ya zama ruwan dare a gidaje da ofisoshi a Spain da Turai, a cikin mahallin Rashin RAM.

Ba shakka, Pop!_OS 24.04 LTS yana da cikakken damar shiga Ma'ajiyar Ubuntu 24.04Saboda haka, dukkan kundin aikace-aikacen da aka saba amfani da su yana nan a shirye don shigarwa. Bugu da ƙari, Flatpak yana ba da fa'idodi ga waɗanda suka fi son ware aikace-aikace ko kuma koyaushe suna da sabbin sigogin da suka dace ba tare da karya zuciyar tsarin ba.

Zane-zane masu haɗaka, tsaro, da tallafin kayan aiki

Ga kwamfutocin tafi-da-gidanka da kwamfutoci masu GPUs na musamman, ɗaya daga cikin ingantattun ci gaba shine sabon tallafi don matasan zanePop!_OS yana iya gano waɗanne aikace-aikace ne ke buƙatar GPU mafi ƙarfi kuma yana gudanar da su ta atomatik akan sa, yayin da sauran ke ci gaba da amfani da wanda aka haɗa don adana baturi.

Mai amfani kuma zai iya da hannu ka tilasta GPU da hannu ta hanyar dannawa dama Wannan sarrafawa ta atomatik ya dogara ne akan gunkin aikace-aikace, ba tare da canza yanayin zane-zane na matakin tsarin ba, wanda ya kasance matsala a wasu yanayi. An tsara shi don wasanni da software na gyaran bidiyo, ƙirar 3D, da aikace-aikacen lissafi masu ƙarfi, waɗanda suka zama ruwan dare a cikin yanayin ƙwararru na Turai.

Tsaro shi ma muhimmin abu ne da za a yi la'akari da shi. Mai sakawa yanzu yana bayar da mafi sauƙin ɓoye cikakken faifaiAn ƙera shi don kwamfyutocin aiki ko na'urori waɗanda ke adana bayanai masu mahimmanci. Tare da wannan akwai fasalin "Sabunta shigarwa" wanda ke ba ku damar sake shigar da tsarin yayin adana fayiloli na sirri, saituna da aikace-aikacen Flatpak, ko dai daga ISO ko ta hanyar riƙe sandar sarari yayin kunnawa.

Dangane da jituwa, System76 yana alfahari da babban tallafin kayan aiki, wanda aka inganta ta hanyar kernel 6.17 da kuma sabuwar ƙarni na direbobin zane-zane na buɗe. Don tabbatar da dacewa da motherboard, duba Yadda ake tantance idan motherboard ɗinku yana buƙatar sabunta BIOSBaya ga hotunan da aka saba amfani da su don x86_64 tare da zane-zane masu haɗe ko na musamman, Pop!_OS 24.04 LTS yana bayarwa Sigogi na musamman na ARM, an tallafa masa a hukumance a kan tebur na kamfanin Thelio Astra, kodayake yana da ɗan sassauci ga al'umma akan wasu kwamfutoci.

Waɗanda ke buƙatar direbobin mallakar NVIDIA suna da Hoton da aka inganta na ISOWannan ya dace da masu amfani a Turai waɗanda suka zaɓi gina kwamfutocinsu da katunan GeForce ko amfani da wuraren aiki na tushen GPU don yin ƙira, AI, ko CAD.

Shigarwa, bambance-bambancen da ake da su da kuma samuwa a wasu rarrabawa

Tsarin shigarwa na Pop!_OS 24.04 LTS ya kasance mai sauƙi, tare da yanayin shigarwa mai tsabta Ga waɗanda ke son tsara faifai, akwai zaɓi na raba faifai da hannu don ƙarin tsare-tsare masu ci gaba. A lokacin ƙirƙirar mai amfani, tsarin yana haɗa da mai duba ƙarfin kalmar sirri, wanda ke gargaɗi idan maɓallin yana da rauni ko bai dace ba, ƙaramin bayani mai amfani.

Bayan farawar farko, mataimakiyar maraba wanda ke shiryar da ku ta cikin saitunan da suka dace: isa ga bayanai, hanyar sadarwa, harshe, tsarin madannai, da yankin lokaci. A cikin wannan tsari, zaku iya zaɓar jigo (gami da wanda aka sani). Nebula Duhu(a cikin launuka masu launin shunayya) da kuma tsarin tebur na farko, tare da haɗin panel da dock daban-daban waɗanda aka tsara don halaye daban-daban na amfani.

Dangane da saukewa, an rarraba Pop!_OS 24.04 LTS a cikin manyan bambance-bambance guda huɗu:

• Matsayin ISO don tsarin da ke da zane-zanen Intel/AMD ko NVIDIA daga jerin 10 da kuma waɗanda suka gabata.
• NVIDIA ISO don sabbin GPUs na NVIDIA (jerin GTX 16 har zuwa RTX 6xxx).
• ISO ARM don na'urori masu sarrafawa na ARM64 ba tare da takamaiman GPU na NVIDIA ba.
• ARM ISO tare da NVIDIA An tsara shi don tsarin ARM64 tare da zane-zanen alamar, gami da Thelio Astra.

Mafi ƙarancin buƙatun hukuma sun kasance matsakaici: RAM 4 GB, ajiya 16 GB, da kuma na'ura mai sarrafa bit 64Duk da haka, domin cikakken amfani da COSMIC da ƙarfinsa na mosaic da multi-monitor, ana ba da shawarar samun ƙarin ƙwaƙwalwa da GPU mai kyau.

Duk da cewa Pop!_OS shine "gidan" COSMIC, yanayin tebur ba wai kawai yake da shi ba. Sauran kwamfutocin tebur sun riga sun wanzu. haɗa da juyawa tare da COSMIC a cikin sauran rarrabawa kamar Arch Linux, Fedora, openSUSE, NixOS, ko ma wasu nau'ikan BSD da Redox. Duk da haka, ga waɗanda ke son dandana shi kamar yadda masu haɓaka System76 suka nufa, shawarar ta rage a shigar da Pop!_OS 24.04 LTS, inda komai ya daidaita don ya yi aiki daga cikin akwati.

Ra'ayoyi na farko: babban aiki da ƙananan kurakurai

Gwaje-gwajen farko da nazarin sun yarda cewa COSMIC Ya isa abin mamaki da girma saboda kasancewarsa sigarsa ta farko mai karko.Tebur ɗin yana jin haske, zane-zanen suna da santsi, kuma aikace-aikacen asali suna amsawa da sauri ko da akan tsofaffin na'urori, wanda zai iya zama abin sha'awa ga masu amfani da gida da ƙwararru a Spain waɗanda ke son cin gajiyar kayan aiki na da.

La kewayawa tsakanin wuraren aiki Yana da sauƙin fahimta godiya ga maɓallin da ke kusurwar hagu ta sama, wanda ke ba ku damar gyara da sake tsara tebura yadda kuke so. Tare da gajerun hanyoyin madannai da ke kan maɓallin Super, yana samar da ingantaccen aiki ga waɗanda ba sa son cire hannunsu daga madannai.

Babban kwamitin yana haɗa wani cibiyar sanarwa tare da yanayin Kada Ka Damualamar baturi wacce kuma ke nuna matsayin GPU da aikace-aikacen da ke da alaƙa da ita, da kuma sarrafa sauti Daga nan, ana iya daidaita na'urorin fitarwa da sake kunnawa ta hanyar multimedia. Duk da haka, dangane da sauti, wasu masu amfani da farko sun lura da wasu matsaloli yayin sauyawa tsakanin lasifika da belun kunne da aka gina a ciki, ko lokacin amfani da Bluetooth; ana sa ran za a warware wannan a cikin sabuntawa na gaba.

A fannin software, har yanzu akwai Wasu ƙananan rashin jituwa da kwariMisali, kayan aiki kamar OBS Studio ba sa haɗuwa sosai da sabon tsarin kamawa a wasu yanayi, wanda hakan ke tilasta wa masu amfani su yi amfani da hanyoyin magance matsaloli lokaci-lokaci. An kuma lura da ƙananan kurakurai na kwalliya, kamar gumakan gama gari a cikin tashar jiragen ruwa lokacin da ake haɗa wasu aikace-aikace, waɗanda galibi ana magance su da sake kunnawa.

Duk da waɗannan cikakkun bayanai, ji gabaɗaya shine cewa Pop!_OS 24.04 LTS tare da COSMIC ya riga ya ba da isasshen ƙwarewa don la'akari da amfani da shi a kowace rana, har ma a cikin yanayin aiki, matuƙar mai amfani ya san cewa shine ƙarni na farko na sabuwar kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka gaba ɗaya.

Matsayi a cikin tsarin Linux na Turai

Kaddamar da COSMIC ya zo ne a lokacin da Mutane da yawa masu amfani da tebur a Turai suna neman wasu hanyoyin ga tsarin mallakar kamfanoni, ko saboda matsalolin sirri, ƙarshen tallafi ga tsofaffin sigogin Windows, ko sha'awar ƙarin dandamali masu buɗewa don shirye-shirye da kerawa.

Pop!_OS ya riga ya sami wani suna a matsayin rarrabawa da aka ba da shawarar ga ci gaba, kimiyyar bayanai da ƙiraGodiya ga kyakkyawan haɗin gwiwa da direbobin zane-zane, goyon bayan kayan aikin zamani, da kuma kamanceceniya da Ubuntu, wanda ake amfani da shi sosai a jami'o'i da kasuwanci na Turai, COSMIC yanayi ne na tebur wanda System76 ke ɗaukar wani mataki ta hanyar bayar da tebur wanda baya buƙatar ƙarin haɓakawa ko gyare-gyare na hannu don ya zama mai amfani da gaske.

Ga waɗanda ke aiki da na'urori masu saka idanu da yawa, suna buƙatar tayal ɗin taga, suna dogara da kwantena ko fasahar kere-kere, ko kuma kawai suna son yanayi wanda ba ya gaza wajen keɓancewa, COSMIC yana gabatar da kansa a matsayin zaɓi don la'akari idan aka kwatanta da kwamfutocin tebur na gargajiya. An buga shi azaman software kyauta kuma mai tsariYana barin ƙofa a buɗe ga sauran ayyuka a yankin su rungumi shi, su daidaita shi, ko su ƙirƙiri nasu bambance-bambancen.

Idan aka yi la'akari da gaba, babbar tambayar ita ce yadda aikin zai bunkasa: ko zai iya gina al'umma mai yawa ta masu haɓakawa da masu ba da gudummawa, da kuma me? saurin bidi'a Har yanzu ba a san ko za a ci gaba da kula da System76 ba, kuma har zuwa wane mataki sauran rarrabawa za su haɗa COSMIC a matsayin zaɓi na hukuma. Abin da ya bayyana a fili shi ne, tare da Pop!_OS 24.04 LTS, kamfanin ya kafa harsashin yanayin tebur ɗinsa da burinsa na tsawon rai.

Da wannan sigar, Pop!_OS ya fara daga zama "Ubuntu tare da gyare-gyare" zuwa zama wani tsari mai bambanci sosai, wanda ke haɗuwa. tushe mai ƙarfi na LTS, tebur na zamani da aka rubuta da Rust, da kuma kayan aikin da aka tsara don samun mafi kyawun amfani da kayan aikin yanzu.Har yanzu yana da wasu gefuna masu tsauri don su daidaita, amma tsalle-tsalle na tsararraki da COSMIC ke wakilta ya nuna a fili cewa System76 bai gamsu da bin sawun sauran kwamfutocin tebur ba: yana son tsara nasa hanyar a cikin duniyar Linux.