El comando dd An dauke daya daga cikin mafi iko utilities na Linux. Ko da yake ma'anar waɗannan haruffa shine Data Definition, sau biyun "D" yana sa shi yawan karɓar sunaye kamar yadda yake da ban mamaki "Disk shredder" o "disk duplicator". A gaskiya, kayan aiki ne don kwafi da canza bayanai a matakin toshe, kodayake yana da ƙarin amfani.
A cikin wannan labarin za mu sake duba duk bangarorin umarnin dd cewa kowane mai amfani da Linux ya kamata ya sani, daga nasu sintaxis básica hasta sus aplicaciones más destacadas, gami da kwafin fayiloli, adanawa da maido da ɓangarorin faifai, ko ƙirƙirar fayafai na USB masu bootable.
Hay que decir que el comando dd Ya kamata a yi amfani da shi tare da taka tsantsan. Idan aka yi amfani da shi ba tare da aiwatar da takaddun da suka dace ba, zai iya haifar da asarar bayanan da ba za a iya jurewa ba. A saboda wannan dalili dole ne ku biya mafi girman hankali lokacin aiki tare da shi.
Sintaxis del comando dd
Daga cikin mafi yawan zaɓuɓɓukan da aka fi sani a cikin tsarin haɗin umarni na dd, ya kamata a haskaka masu zuwa:
- bs=: Don sanin girman toshe cewa dd zai karanta ko rubuta (misali, bs=4M).
- conv=: Don tantance zaɓuɓɓukan juyawa.
- count=: Don saita adadin tubalan da dd zai kwafa
- if=: Fayil ko na'urar shigarwa (input file).
- of=: Fayil ko na'urar fitarwa (output file).
- nema=: Don tsallake takamaiman adadin tubalan ko bytes yayin karanta fayil ɗin fitarwa.
- skip=: Don tsallake takamaiman adadin tubalan ko bytes yayin karanta fayil ɗin shigarwa.
- status=progress: Don nuna ci gaban aikin a ainihin lokacin.
Amfani mai amfani na umarni dd
Bari mu kalli wasu ƙarin aikace-aikacen aikace-aikacen dd da yadda ake aiki akan su. Waɗannan su ne wasu misalan amfanin gama-gari, tun da Haƙiƙanin yiwuwarsa sun fi girma:
Crear imágenes de disco
Wannan shine ɗayan mafi yawan amfani da umarnin dd: da ƙirƙirar hotunan faifai ko ɓangarori, wanda ake yi ta kwafi bit a bit abun ciki. Da amfani sosai don ƙirƙirar kwafin madadin. A cikin misali mai zuwa, tushen na'urar shine origen.txt da makõma. destino.txt.
sudo dd idan =/origin.txt na=/destination.txt
Clone faifai
Wato kwafi dukkan abubuwan da ke cikin diski da adana shi zuwa wani wuri. Misali: don kwafi dukkan abubuwan da ke cikin diski sda1 a sda2, dole ne ku yi amfani da umarnin kamar haka:
sudo dd idan =/sda1 na =/sda2
Crear una unidad USB de arranque
Otro uso habitual del comando dd shi ne na ƙirƙirar bootable USB tafiyarwa daga ISO images. Don wannan, wajibi ne saka fayil ɗin ISO azaman fayil ɗin shigarwa (idan) da kebul na USB azaman fayil ɗin fitarwa (na). Ga wani misali:
sudo dd idan = Linux_x.iso na = / dev/sda bs = 3M matsayi = ci gaba
En este caso, linux_x.iso yana wakiltar hoton ISO na rarraba Linux, yayin da /dev/sda Kebul ɗin drive ne. Bayan haka, bs=3M ya gaya mana girman toshe (megabyte 3), yayin da status=progress yana nuna ci gaban umarnin. Wani lokaci ana nuna wannan ci gaban tare da hoton mashaya.
Tsallake bytes ko haruffa lokacin karanta fayil ɗin shigarwa
Ga misali na amfani da mai amfani skip: don tsallake takamaiman adadin bytes ko haruffa lokacin karanta fayil ɗin shigarwa. Ana amfani dashi lokacin da ya zama dole don ware wasu sassan fayil ɗin. A cikin wannan misali, na farko 200 bits:
sudo dd idan=abc.txt na=zyx.txt tsallake=200
Goge na'urar toshewa
A ƙarshe, albarkatun da ke dacewa sosai a wasu yanayi. Misali, lokacin da za mu sayar ko ba da faifai ga wani kuma muna son tabbatar da cewa abubuwan da ke cikin da suka gabata ba su da damar shiga. Tambaya ta sirri. Ana aiwatar da wannan aikin ta hanyar umarni guda biyu, kamar yadda muka kwatanta a cikin wannan misali:
sudo dd idan =/dev/zero bs=1M na =/dev/sda
Wannan mataki na farko yana rage bayanan da ke kan na'urar zuwa mai sauƙi jerin sifilai. Domin aikin ya cika, dole ne ku cika sauran faifan tare da bayanan bazuwar:
sudo dd idan =/dev/random bs=1M na =/dev/sda
Kammalawa
A takaice, zamu iya tabbatar da cewa umarnin dd es kayan aiki mai mahimmanci a cikin Linux idan ya zo ga abubuwan da suka shafi kwafi, cloning da kuma canza bayanai a ƙananan matakin. Daga cikin wasu abubuwa da yawa, ana amfani da shi don ƙirƙirar hotunan diski ko tsaftace diski mai aminci, kamar yadda muka gani.
Sauran aikace-aikace masu amfani shine don matsa bayanan da aka karanta ta hanyar umarni dd, kwafi abun ciki daga CD ko DVD, yin partially ko cikakken wariyar ajiya, canza babban baƙaƙe zuwa ƙarami ko akasin haka, da sauransu. Tabbas yana da kyau koyan yadda ake amfani da wannan umarni.
En todo caso, es makami mai ƙarfi wanda dole ne ka san yadda ake sarrafa shi da daidaito da kulawa, kamar yadda zai iya sake rubutawa har ma da share bayanai ba tare da sanarwa ba.
Edita ya ƙware a fannin fasaha da al'amuran intanet tare da gogewa fiye da shekaru goma a cikin kafofin watsa labaru na dijital daban-daban. Na yi aiki a matsayin edita da mahaliccin abun ciki don kasuwancin e-commerce, sadarwa, tallan kan layi da kamfanonin talla. Na kuma yi rubutu a shafukan yanar gizo na tattalin arziki, kudi da sauran fannoni. Aikina kuma shine sha'awata. Yanzu, ta hanyar labarai na a ciki Tecnobits, Ina ƙoƙarin bincika duk labarai da sababbin damar da duniyar fasahar ke ba mu kowace rana don inganta rayuwarmu.