Ta yaya ka'idar UART ke aiki? Idan kun taɓa mamakin yadda na'urorin lantarki za su iya sadarwa da juna? nagarta sosai da sauri, ana samun amsar a cikin ka'idar UART. Wannan ƙa'idar, gajeriyar Mai karɓa/Mai aikawa da Asynchronous Universal, tana da mahimmanci a fagen lantarki da shirye-shirye. Yana aiki azaman hanyar sadarwar sadarwa wanda ke ba da damar musayar bayanai tsakanin na'urori daban-daban, kamar microcontrollers da peripherals. Ta hanyar ƙananan igiyoyi guda biyu, ana watsa sigina kuma ana karɓa a cikin nau'i na rago, wanda ke ba da damar canja wurin bayanai a jere. A cikin wannan labarin, za mu bincika a fili yadda wannan ka'ida ke aiki, ta yadda za ku iya fahimtar yadda sadarwa tsakanin na'urorin lantarki daban-daban ke gudana.

Mataki-mataki ➡️ Ta yaya ka'idar UART ke aiki?

Ana amfani da ka'idar UART don sadarwa ta serial. tsakanin na'urori kayan lantarki. Yana ba da damar canja wurin bayanan binary a cikin hanya mai sauƙi da inganci. Na gaba, za mu bayyana yadda wannan yarjejeniya ke aiki mataki zuwa mataki:

• Hanyar 1: Farkon sadarwa. Don haka na'urori biyu sadarwa ta hanyar ka'idar UART, ɗayansu dole ne ya ɗauki matsayin maigida, ɗayan kuma a matsayin bawa. Jagora yana fara sadarwa ta hanyar aika siginar farawa wanda aka sani da "bit bit."
• Hanyar 2: Canja wurin bayanai. Da zarar an aika da farkon bit, maigidan ya fara aika bayanan bits daya bayan daya. Kowane bit ana watsa shi a jere, wato daya bayan daya.
• Hanyar 3: Bayanan bayanai. Ana aika kowane ɗan bayanai a cikin tsari mafi ƙanƙanta zuwa mafi mahimmanci. Misali, idan muna watsa lamba 5, wanda a cikin binary shine 0101, za a fara aiko da mafi ƙarancin (1) da farko, sannan na gaba (0), da sauransu har sai duk 4 bits sun cika.
• Hanyar 4: Daidaitawa (na zaɓi). A wasu lokuta, ana iya ƙara ɗan ƙarami don tabbatar da amincin bayanan da aka watsa. Ana ƙididdige wannan bit bisa adadin waɗanda ke cikin bayanan bayanan kuma ana amfani da su don gano kurakurai masu yuwuwa yayin watsawa.
• Hanyar 5: Tsaida bit(s). Da zarar an watsa raƙuman bayanai, maigidan ya aika ɗaya ko fiye da tasha don nuna alamar ƙarshen watsawa. Waɗannan ragowa yawanci suna da ƙima ta hankali 1.
• Hanyar 6: Ƙarshen sadarwa. Bayan aika da guntun tsayawa, ana ɗaukar sadarwar cikakke kuma na'urorin sun koma yanayin barcinsu.

Ana amfani da ka'idar UART sosai a cikin na'urori kamar microcontrollers, na'urorin sadarwa da sauran kayan lantarki. Sauki da ingancin sa sun sa ya zama zaɓi mai ban sha'awa don sadarwar serial tsakanin na'urori. Yanzu da ka san yadda yake aiki, zaka iya amfani da shi! a cikin ayyukanku lantarki!

Tambaya&A

UART Protocol FAQ

1. Menene ka'idar UART?

Ƙa'idar UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/ Transmitter) yarjejeniya ce ta serial sadarwa da ake amfani da ita don watsa bayanai tsakanin na'urorin lantarki.

2. Menene sadarwar UART?

Sadarwar UART ta ƙunshi aikawa da karɓar bayanai a cikin nau'in fakitin raƙuman ruwa akan layin watsawa, ba tare da siginar agogon da aka raba ba.

3. Ta yaya ake kafa sadarwar UART tsakanin na'urori?

An kafa sadarwar UART ta hanyar haɗin jiki ta hanyar amfani da fil biyu: ɗaya don aika bayanai (TX) da wani don karɓar shi (RX).

4. Menene saurin watsawa a cikin UART?

Gudun watsawa, wanda kuma aka sani da baudrate, yana ƙayyade adadin raƙuman da aka aika ko karɓa a cikin daƙiƙa guda. Ana iya daidaita shi kuma yana iya bambanta dangane da na'urori.

5. Yadda za a saita ƙimar baud a UART?

1. Fara saitin tashar tashar jiragen ruwa.
2. Ƙayyade saurin watsawa da ake so.
3. Aiwatar da saitin zuwa tashar tashar jiragen ruwa.

6. Wace irin yarjejeniya ce UART?

UART ka'idar asynchronous ce, wanda yake nufin cewa ba ya amfani da siginar agogon da aka raba tsakanin na'urorin sadarwa.

7. Menene bambanci tsakanin UART da RS232?

UART yarjejeniya ce ta sadarwa, yayin da RS232 keɓancewar jiki ce wacce ke amfani da ka'idar UART don watsa bayanan serial.

8. Menene iyakokin sadarwar UART?

1. Sadarwar UART tana ba da damar haɗi tsakanin na'urori biyu kawai.
2. Ana watsawa a cikin Hanya daya a lokaci guda (cikakken-duplex ba zai yiwu ba).
3. Akwai iyakacin nisa saboda asarar sigina ta hanyar kebul.

9. Menene amfanin amfani da UART?

Amfanin amfani da UART shine sauƙi da sauƙi, tun da yake yana cikin nau'in na'urorin lantarki.

10. A ina ake amfani da ka'idar UART?

Ana amfani da ka'idar UART a aikace-aikace da yawa, gami da hanyoyin sadarwa tsakanin microcontrollers, firikwensin firikwensin, na'urori mara waya, da na'urorin Intanet na Abubuwa (IoT), da sauransu.