He aha kāu e nānā ai i ke kūʻai ʻana i kahi pona Ultra: VRAM, SSD, TDP, a me ka hōʻike

¿He aha kāu e nānā ai inā makemake ʻoe e kūʻai i kahi kamepiula Ultra? ʻO ke kūʻai ʻana i kahi pona kiʻekiʻe e makemake ana i ka lepili "Ultra" ʻaʻole ia e pili ana i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā kumukūʻai. ʻO ka mea ʻokoʻa ka ʻike ʻana i nā ʻāpana e nānā ai. No laila e hana kāu kamepiula e like me kou manaʻo i kēia lā a i kekahi mau makahiki. Inā pāʻani ʻoe i nā pāʻani, hoʻoponopono wikiō, hana i ka 3D, a i ʻole hana pū me nā ʻikepili nui, pono ʻoe i kahi kaulike maikaʻi ma waena o nā kiʻi, CPU, RAM, SSD, hōʻike, nā awa, a, ʻo ka mea nui loa, TDP a me ka hoʻomaha.

Ma mua o ka hele ʻana i nā kikoʻī, pono e hoʻonohonoho i nā manaʻolana. Pono ka pona "Ultra" e hoʻohui i kahi GPU kūpono me ka VRAM lawa, kahi SSD wikiwiki, ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻelua-kanela., he hōʻike e like me kāu e hana nei, a me ka hoʻokele wela ʻaʻole e hoʻopā i ka hana. Mai laila mai, ʻo ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā ʻenehana koʻikoʻi a me ke ʻano o ka hui pū ʻana.

He aha ka manaʻo maoli o ka pona e lilo i "Ultra"?

ʻAʻohe sila mana, akā he mea maʻamau ka manaʻo o "Ultra". Nā kiʻi hoʻolaʻa hoʻolaʻa hou me ke kākoʻo ray tracing, CPU multi-core ikaikaMa ka liʻiliʻi o 16GB o RAM hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia, kahi NVMe SSD wikiwiki, ka pilina maikaʻi, a me ka helu hoʻomaha kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ka hōʻike hoʻonā kiʻekiʻe, e pili ana i kāu hoʻohana. Mai ʻae iā lākou e hoʻopunipuni iā ​​ʻoe: pono e kūlike nā ʻāpana āpau a me ka wela wela.

I ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo "Ultra" i kēia lā ke alakaʻi i ka nānā GPU VRAM, ʻano SSD, TDP, a me ka hōʻike. Kākoʻo no ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, a me ka hiki ke hiki i ka hoʻokele hou a me nā hiʻohiʻona boot wikiwiki i ka BIOS e hoʻohui pū i nā helu.

Kāleka Kiʻi a me VRAM: ʻO ka puʻuwai o ka hana ʻike

He mea koʻikoʻi ka GPU inā pāʻani ʻoe i nā pāʻani, hana ma 3D, a i ʻole hana i nā polokalamu i hoʻolalelale ʻia e CUDA, OpenCL, a i ʻole like. ʻO ka nui o ka mana GPU, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻike kiʻi i helu ʻia a hōʻike ʻia i kēlā me kēia kekona., a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻike. ʻO VRAM ke kī ma ʻaneʻi: hiki i ka 6 GB ke hana no 1080p, hāʻawi ʻo 8 GB iā ʻoe i ke poʻo, a ʻo 12 GB a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea kupanaha no 1440p a me nā papahana kaumaha.

Ma waena o nā mea nui ʻelua, Ke alakaʻi nei ʻo Nvidia a me AMD me nā ʻenehana proprietaryLawe mai ʻo Nvidia i ka DLSS e hoʻonui i nā helu kiʻi me AI a me nā hiʻohiʻona kiʻekiʻe; Hoʻopiʻi ʻo AMD me ka FSR a me ka Smart Access Memory, kahi e hoʻonui ai i ka kahe ʻikepili ma waena o Ryzen a me Radeon CPU. Inā ʻoe e pāʻani me ka ray tracing, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kahi ʻano GeForce RTX a i ʻole Radeon RX 6000 a ʻoi aku paha.

ʻAʻole pāʻani nā mea a pau: Hoʻonui nā GPU i ka hoʻoponopono, AI, a me ke kahe, a me nā hiʻohiʻona lawe lima e like me MSI Claw A8 hōʻike pehea e ʻike ai i kahi kaulike ma waena o ka CPU a me ka GPU ma nā polokalamu kelepona.

E ʻike nui ʻoe i nā kuhikuhi mana: ʻO GeForce GTX 1060 a i ʻole 1660 Super no ke komo ʻana i ka solvent, RTX 2060/3060 no ka pāʻani RT haʻahaʻa, a me nā pae kiʻekiʻe me RTX 3080/3080 Ti/3090 Ti. Ma AMD, RX 6500 XT e hoʻomaka me, RX 6700 XT/6800 XT paʻa loa, a ʻo RX 6900/6950 XT ʻo ia ka luna o ka pae no kona hanauna.

Ka ʻimi ʻana o Ray, ka ʻoiaʻiʻo maoli a me ke kahe ola

Hoʻohālikelike ʻo Ray tracing i ka mālamalama maoli. He ʻenehana koʻikoʻi ia no nā pāʻani a me ka nānā ʻana me ke kākoʻo no GeForce RTX a me Radeon RX 6000+. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka VR ma ka noʻonoʻo, e makaʻala i nā koi: ua koi nā poʻo poʻo kaulana i ka mōʻaukala GTX 1060 a i ʻole RX 480 GPU ma ke ʻano he kumu, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe no ka wai maikaʻi.

Inā hoʻoheheʻe ʻoe, e helu NVENC a me Nvidia's Studio platform, a i ʻole nā ​​polokalamu Adrenalin AMD, a hopu i nā hāʻina e like me ʻO Elgato 4K S e hoemi ana i ka ukana ma ka pūnaewele. Hāʻawi lākou iā ʻoe e hoʻolaha a hopu me ka liʻiliʻi o ka hopena i nā helu frame; makemake paha ʻoe e hoʻonui i kāu GPU i kahi notch inā ʻoe e hoʻolaha me nā hiʻohiʻona paʻakikī a me nā kumu he nui.

CPU: cores, cache, kuhikuhi a me TDP

Hoʻonohonoho ka CPU i ka wikiwiki i nā hana koʻikoʻi a me nā pāʻani paʻa CPU. E ʻimi i nā cores kūpono he nui me ke kākoʻo turbo maikaʻi a me nā huna huna (L1, L2, L3) e hōʻemi i ka kali hoʻomanaʻo. ʻO nā hale hana hou e like me Panther Lake kākoʻo i nā hoʻonui SIMD e like me SSE a me AVX e hoʻolalelale i ka multimedia, encryption, a i ʻole AI.

ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o 32 a me 64 bits ka mōʻaukala i kēia lā: ʻAe ʻo 64 bits no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā hoʻomanaʻo hou aʻe a me nā pae helu nui, ʻepekema kumu, waihona ʻikepili, a i ʻole hoʻoponopono 8K. ʻO kēlā me kēia kamepiula "Ultra" o kēia manawa he x86-64, no laila e uhi ʻia ʻoe.

ʻAʻole ka TDP he helu hoʻonaninani: hōʻike i ka wela e pono ai ka ʻōnaehana e hoʻomau i ka alapineI loko o nā laptops, pono ka TDP kiʻekiʻe i kahi chassis a me ka ea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi; inā ʻaʻole, e hiki mai ka puʻupuʻu wela a me ka walaʻau. He mea nui i ka mea hana i hoʻonui pono i ka ʻōnaehana hoʻomaha a hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻonohonoho i nā kiʻi wela.

RAM: ka nui, nā ala a me nā latencies

Mālama ʻo RAM i nā polokalamu he nui a me nā papahana nui. No ka "Ultra", 16 GB ke kumu a ʻo 32 GB ka mea i manaʻo nui ʻia. Inā hoʻoponopono ʻoe i ke wikiō, hōʻuluʻulu, a hana pū me nā VM, inā hiki, hiki i nā ala ʻelua me nā modula like e pālua i ka bandwidth.

Ma kahi o ka wikiwiki, he mea nui ka CAS latencies: ʻO nā kumu waiwai haʻahaʻa e hōʻemi i ka lohiHoʻohana ʻia nā SO-DIMM i nā kamepiula kamepiula; inā kūʻai ʻia ka RAM, e ʻoluʻolu e kauoha i ka mana kūpono mai ka hale hana. Ma nā wahi koʻikoʻi, ʻike a hoʻoponopono ka hoʻomanaʻo ECC i nā hewa, ʻoiai ʻaʻole maʻamau kēia i nā kamepiula kūʻai.

Waihona: NVMe SSD vs. HDD a me ka mea e pono ai e ike

Pono kahi rig "Ultra" i kahi NVMe SSD no ka ʻōnaehana a me nā papahana hana. ʻO kahi NVMe ma luna o PCIe ma mua o kahi SATA, a he mau makahiki māmā ʻelua ma mua o kahi HDD. E ʻike ʻoe i ka hoʻomaka ʻana i nā kekona, e wehe ana i nā polokalamu me ke kali ʻole, a ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka hāʻawi ʻana a i ʻole ka lawe ʻana aku.

ʻOiai ʻaʻohe mea e hoʻokomo i kahi ʻōnaehana HDD i loko o kahi kamepiula o kēia hui i kēia lā, ʻaʻole ia e ʻeha ke hoʻomaopopo i nā kumu: Hoʻonohonoho nā diski magnetic i ka ʻikepili i loko o nā cylinders, tracks, a me nā ʻāpana, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kona mana kūpono ma MBR a i ʻole GPT, a ke hoʻohana nei ka ʻōlelo ʻōlelo hou i ka LBA. ʻIke ka BIOS a i ʻole UEFI i ka disk, holo i ka POST, heluhelu i ka papa ʻaina, a hāʻawi i ka mana i ka ʻāpana boot a i ʻole ka luna ʻōnaehana hou.

E ʻike pū ʻoe i nā acronym mōʻaukala: IDE a i ʻole PATA a me SATA e wehewehe i nā pilina piliI kēia lā, ʻo NVMe ma luna o PCIe ka maʻamau no ka wikiwiki; Maikaʻi ka SATA no ka mālama nui ʻana, a hiki i ka USB-C ke ʻae i nā drive waho portable maikaʻi loa no nā backup a i ʻole media.

Hoʻohui a me nā awa: he aha kāu e hoʻohana maoli ai

ʻO kahi "Ultra" me nā awa maikaʻi ʻole he hapalua wale nō. E ʻimi i ka USB 3.x, USB-C me ka DisplayPort Alt Mode, a inā hiki, Thunderbolt no nā eGPU a i ʻole RAID waho. HDMI a i ʻole, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, DisplayPort no nā mākaʻikaʻi kiʻekiʻe. He koho maikaʻi ʻo RJ-45 2.5 GbE inā hoʻololi ʻoe i ka nui ma luna o kahi pūnaewele kūloko.

ʻO nā hoʻoilina āu e ʻike ai i ʻōlelo ʻia: VGA, DVI, S/PDIF, eSATA, FireWirePono lākou no ka ʻike maʻamau, akā ʻo kēia manawa e pili ana i ka USB-C, DP, HDMI, a me Wi-Fi 6/6E. No ka leo, e noʻonoʻo i kahi hoʻopuka i hui pū ʻia me kahi microphone maikaʻi a, inā ʻoe e hana i ka ʻike, kahi kikowaena USB i hoʻolaʻa ʻia.

Hōʻike: Hoʻoholo, Hoʻohou, a me ka Manaʻo Maʻamau

Hoʻoholo ka pale i kāu hana a pāʻani. No ka pāʻani hoʻokūkū, 1080p ma 144Hz a i ʻole he gula.No ka hoʻoponopono a me nā kikoʻī, pono ka 1440p a i ʻole 4K me ka uhi kala maikaʻi (sRGB a i ʻole DCI‑P3). Mai uku no nā fps hou aʻe inā ʻaʻole hiki i ka panel ke hōʻike iā ia, a i ʻole no ka hoʻonā hou aku inā pono ʻoe e hoʻonui i nā mea āpau.

E nānā ʻia ʻO ka huli ʻana o Ray a me nā hoʻonā kiʻekiʻe e koi i ka nui o GPU a me VRAM.Kōkua ʻo DLSS a i ʻole FSR, akā he manaʻo maikaʻi e kaulike i ka pale a me nā kiʻi no laila ʻaʻohe bottleneck ma muli o ka nui a i ʻole ka nele.

Motherboard, chipsets, a me nā kaʻa: no ke aha lākou e pili ai inā ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike iā lākou

I loko o kahi pona, ʻaʻole ʻoe e hoʻololi i ka motherboard, akā e hoʻopili ʻia kona hoʻolālā iā ʻoe. Mālama ka chipset i ke kahe ma waena o CPU, RAM, SSD a me GPU; Ua māhele ʻia ʻo ia i loko o Northbridge a me Southbridge, a i kēia lā ua nui nā hana i loko o ka processor ponoʻī. Hoʻoholo ka PCI Express i ka wikiwiki o ke kāleka kiʻi a me SSD; ʻoi aku ka nui o nā alahele a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mana.

ʻO ATX, microATX a i ʻole mini-ITX nā kumu kumu mai ka honua papapihi, pono inā ʻoe e hoʻonohonoho i kahi paʻa a i ʻole ka hana. Inā ʻoe e noʻonoʻo nei i ka eGPU a i ʻole nā ​​pahu me nā huahana he nuiʻO ka ʻike pehea e hoʻokaʻawale ai ma waena o nā slot PCIe x1 a me x16 a me ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui i loko e kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo i nā bottlenecks a me ka hoʻohālikelike.

Ma ka boot, hana ka BIOS a i ʻole UEFI i ka POST, ʻike i ka hoʻomanaʻo a me nā mea hana, a heluhelu i nā ʻāpana mai ka CMOS i kākoʻo ʻia. ʻO kahi firmware i hoʻolālā maikaʻi ʻia me nā koho maʻalahi a me ka hoʻomaka wikiwiki e hāʻawi i nā mea ʻoi aku ma mua o ka mea i manaʻo ʻia..

Nā ʻano hoʻomanaʻo a me nā modula: nā mea nui me ka nalowale ʻole

ʻO ka hoʻomanaʻo nui ʻo DRAM; Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo SRAM ma ke ʻano he hūnā ma muli o kona latency haʻahaʻa. Ma nā ʻōlelo o nā modula, mālama ʻia nā DIMM no nā papapihi, ʻoiai ʻo SO-DIMM e noho aliʻi nui i nā kamepiula. ʻO DDR, DDR2, DDR3, DDR4, a me DDR5 e hōʻike ana i nā hanauna me nā wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe a me nā voltage haʻahaʻa; i nā ʻōnaehana o kēia manawa, e ʻike ʻoe iā DDR4 a i ʻole DDR5. E ʻimi mau i nā kaha ʻelua me nā modula māhoe e pale aku i ka kaumaha ʻana i ka hana.

Inā ʻoe e neʻe a puni me nā kāleka, kōkua ka ʻike ʻana i nā palapala: ʻO SD a me SDHC ka mana i nā kāmela a me nā mea hoʻopaʻa leo, me nā papa e hōʻike ana i ka māmā liʻiliʻi; aia kekahi mau kāleka CompactFlash a me Memory Stick i nā mea kahiko a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea kikoʻī.

Waihona waho, kope a me ka media optical

No nā kākoʻo, kahi USB-C waho SSD maikaʻi a i ʻole kahi Thunderbolt RAID array e mālama i ka lā. Hiki i ka poʻe e koi ana i ka scalability ʻoihana ke nānā i nā ʻōnaehana iSCSI a i ʻole Fiber Channel SAN., mea maʻamau i nā keʻena wikiō a i ʻole nā ​​kikowaena data.

Loaʻa nā disks optika a hiki ke hoʻohana no ka mālama ʻana a i ʻole ka hāʻawi ʻana. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia kahi CD ma kahi o 700 MB me kahi track spiral hoʻokahiPiʻi nā DVD i ka 17 GB e hui pū ana i nā ʻaoʻao a me nā papa, a hāʻawi ʻo Blu-ray i 25 GB no kēlā me kēia papa, 50 GB no nā papa ʻelua, a ʻoi aku no nā ʻōnaehana multi-layer hou. Inā puhi ʻoe i nā diski, e hoʻomaʻemaʻe iā lākou me ka radial a pale aku i nā kemika koʻikoʻi.

ʻO nā ʻaoʻao a me nā ʻano hoʻololi i kamaʻāina iā ʻoe

Ua hoʻohana ʻo IDE a i ʻole Parallel ATA i nā kaula ākea a me nā ʻano PIO a me DMA; Ua lawe mai ʻo UDMA i nā helu i ka 133 MB/s i ka lāUa hōʻea ʻo SATA me 1.5, 3, a me 6 Gb/s; i kēia lā, hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻo PCIe a me NVMe i ka pahu i nā manawa he nui. I ka BIOS, ua hoʻololi ʻo LBA i ka CHS e lanakila ai i nā palena mana mua.

ʻOiai inā ʻoe e hana nei me NVMe a me USB-C, ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia pōʻaiapili e kōkua iā ʻoe e ʻike, koho i nā pahu, a hoʻomaopopo i ke kumu e kaupalena ʻia ai kekahi mau hihia ka hana ʻana o nā kaʻa waho.

Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā pae: hoʻonohonoho i nā manaʻolana

I ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana iā ʻoe iho, e noʻonoʻo i nā ʻōlelo o nā papa GPU ma mua o nā inoa laptop pololei. ʻO kahi GTX 1060 a i ʻole 1660 Super e hōʻike ana i ka pāʻani kumu ma 1080p, he RTX 2060 a i ʻole 3060 i ʻae iā RT me nā tweaks; ʻO RTX 3080 a i ʻole 3080 Ti lele ma 1440p, a ʻo 3090 Ti he holoholona no 4K a me ka hana ʻana. Ma AMD, ʻo ka RX 6500 XT kahi hoʻomaka maikaʻi, hiki i ka 6700 XT a me 6800 XT, a ʻo ka 6900/6950 XT e hōʻailona i ke kaupaku o kā lākou hanauna. E hoʻoili i kēlā manaʻo i ka honua kelepona e like me nā mea like.

I loko o ka kaiaola, mai hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka polokalamu: Hana ʻo Nvidia Studio a i ʻole AMD Adrenalin i kahi ʻokoʻa i ke kūpaʻa, nā mea hoʻokele, a me nā mea hana no nā mea hana.

ʻO ka wela, ka walaʻau a me ka hoʻolālā chassis

Ma ka mana like, lanakila ka mea hoʻomaha i ka maikaʻi. ʻO kahi heatsink me nā wela wela a me nā mea pā maikaʻi ʻelua e kākoʻo i ka turbo maoli a ʻoi aku ka mālie. Hoʻonui ʻia ke ola o ka ʻōnaehana ma nā ʻaoʻao wela a me nā ea maʻemaʻe. Hiki i ka ʻōnaehana TDP ke hoʻomau i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i kahi "Ultra" maoli.

BIOS, boot, a me nā ʻāpana: nā mea liʻiliʻi i mahalo ʻia

Hiki i kahi firmware maikaʻi ke hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka boot UEFI, ka hoʻokele fan, nā mana mana, a me ke kākoʻo NVMe kiʻekiʻe. Hōʻalo nā papa ʻāpana GPT i nā palena o ka MBR maʻamau a hāʻawi i nā puke nui. Inā ʻoe e nānā i nā disks ma Linux, ʻo ka fdisk -l kauoha e papa inoa i nā ʻāpana a me nā nui me ka ʻole o ka pilikia.

ʻO nā awa kahiko a me nā mea hoihoi pono

Inā hele mai ʻoe mai nā kamepiula kahiko, e kamaʻāina ʻoe i ka PS/2 no ka keyboard a me ka ʻiole, serial a me nā awa like, AGP no nā kiʻi ma mua o PCIe, a me nā floppy driveʻO lākou ka mōʻaukala i kēia manawa, akā ʻo ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kā lākou kumu e kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i ka launa pū me nā mea kahiko ma o nā mea hoʻololi kūpono.

He papa helu wikiwiki ma mua o ke kūʻai ʻana

No laila ʻaʻole ʻoe e poina i kekahi mea, e nānā i kēia: ʻO ke kaulike ma waena o GPU, CPU a me ka hōʻike, lawa ka VRAM no kāu hoʻoholo, he NVMe SSD e like me ke kaʻa mua, 16-32 GB pālua-kanal RAM, nā awa hou, a me ka hoʻoluʻu e pili ana i ka TDP. E hoʻohui i kahi pākaukau kūpono inā e hele ana ʻoe a me kahi charger paʻa inā e hele ana ʻoe.

• Kāleka kiʻi i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i kēia manawa me 8GB o VRAM a i ʻole no ka 1440p a me ka ray tracing; Kākoʻo DLSS a i ʻole FSR ma muli o ka brand.
• ʻO ka CPU multi-core o kēia manawa, ka cache lokomaikaʻi, a me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo AVX; TDP i hoʻoholo maikaʻi ʻia a me ka dissipation e hoʻomau i ka turbo.
• ʻElua-kanana RAM, NVMe SSD no ka ʻōnaehana a me nā papahana; koho e hoʻohui i kahi SSD lua inā ʻae ka chassis.
• Hōʻike i kūlike me kāu hoʻohana: 1080p hoʻonā kiʻekiʻe no ka pāʻani hoʻokūkū a i ʻole ka hopena kiʻekiʻe a me ke kala no ka hoʻohana ʻana; nā awa USB-C, DP, a me HDMI hou.

Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻoe i nā laptops "Ultra" āu e makemake ai, nīnau e pili ana i ka palena wela mau a me ka maikaʻi o nā VRM, no ka mea, ma laila ka GPU a me ka hana maoli o ka CPU, a i ʻole nā ​​kikoʻī wale nō. Me kēia mau mea i ka noʻonoʻo, e ʻike ʻoe i ka mea e nānā ai ma mua o ke kumukūʻai a pehea e hoʻonohonoho ai i ka mea e hāʻawi maoli i ka waiwai.