Nā pūnaewele hilinaʻi no ka hoʻoiho ʻana i nā mīkini virtual manuahi (a pehea e hoʻokomo ai iā lākou i VirtualBox/VMware)

Inā ʻoluʻolu ʻoe i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā labs, ka hōʻoia ʻana i nā polokalamu, a i ʻole ka hoʻopili wale ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana me ka hoʻopā ʻole ʻana i kāu kamepiula nui, ka nā mīkini virtual manuahi Pōmaikaʻi lākou. Ma kahi o ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka hapalua hola i ka hoʻokomo ʻana a me ka hoʻonui ʻana mai ka wā ʻōpala, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻoiho i nā VM i mākaukau, hoʻokomo iā lākou i VirtualBox a i ʻole VMware, a hoʻomaka i ka hana ma ka lele.

Aia ma lalo ʻoe kahi palapala ʻāina piha o nā pūnaewele hilinaʻi No ka loaʻa ʻana o nā kiʻi Windows a me Linux, nā mea a kēlā me kēia mea e hāʻawi ai, kā lākou pono a me nā mea ʻino, nā manaʻo hoʻokomo, nā hoʻonohonoho hana, nā manaʻo pili kānāwai a palekanaa me ka loiloi o nā hiʻohiʻona pono VirtualBox. ʻO ka manaʻo, i loko o kahi ʻatikala hoʻokahi, e loaʻa iā ʻoe nā mea āpau āu e pono ai e hoʻoiho, lawe mai, a holo pono i nā VM. Lawe mākou iā ʻoe i nā mea a pau  Nā pūnaewele hilinaʻi no ka hoʻoiho ʻana i nā mīkini virtual manuahi.

Ma hea e loaʻa ai nā mīkini virtual Windows mana

Hoʻokuʻu ʻo Microsoft i nā mīkini loiloi mākaukau e hoʻohana Hyper-V (Gen2), Parallels, VirtualBox a me VMwareHoʻonohonoho ʻia kēia i ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana. Loaʻa iā lākou ma ka ʻaoʻao hoʻomohala no nā VM me Microsoft Edge a ma ka Eval Center no Windows 10/11 Enterprise, me nā kikoʻī hoʻoiho ma developer.microsoft.com. Hoʻokomo pinepine kēia mau VM ʻO Windows 11 ʻOihana (Loiloi)ʻO Visual Studio 2022 Community me nā ukana UWP, .NET Desktop, Azure a me Windows App SDK, me WSL2 me Ubuntu, Windows Terminal a me ke ʻano hoʻomohala.

Mea nui: ka pau ka laikini loiloi Hoʻopau maʻamau kēia i nā lā 90 ma hope o ka paʻi ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻokō mua ʻana. Ke hoʻopau ʻia, ʻeleʻele ka pākaukau, ʻike ʻia kahi memo "ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻole", a hiki ke pani ʻia ka ʻōnaehana i kēlā me kēia hola; he laikini Evaluation Enterprise, ʻAʻole kākoʻo ʻia ka hoʻāla ʻana me ke kī no ka hoʻohana lōʻihi.

Ma ke ʻano o nā koi, ʻōlelo ʻo Microsoft ma ka liʻiliʻi 8 GB o RAM a me 70 GB o kahi diskiUa ʻike ʻia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona kiʻi ma VirtualBox (no ka laʻana, ke ʻano o ka papa hoʻomaka) e hoʻokolokolo ʻia nei; no keia manawa ʻAʻohe paʻi ARM. Loaʻa. Inā ʻōlelo ka VM ua pau ka loiloi, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻāʻo i ka hoʻoponopono pilikia hoʻāla a, inā pono, e hoʻoiho i ke kiʻi hou loa e hoʻomaka i kahi manawa hoʻokolokolo hou.

Adguard: E hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā Microsoft ISO a loaʻa i nā mana kahiko

No ka poʻe makemake e kūkulu i ka VM mai ka wā ʻōpala, hāʻawi ʻo Adguard i kahi huli ma nā huahana a me nā puke hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻoiho pololei i nā ISO mai nā kikowaena Microsoft, me ka ʻole o nā hoʻololi. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona ikaika loa ka huli ʻana nā mana kikoʻī loa a i ʻole nā ​​mana Windows kahiko i maʻalahi ʻole ke loaʻa ma o nā ala maʻamau.

ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona liʻiliʻi ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻāpana VM i kūkulu mua ʻia i ka wā ma mua, ʻaʻole mālama ʻia, a ʻo ka mea hope loa i loaʻa i kuhikuhi ʻia i ... Windows 10Pono ʻoe e hana i ka VM me ka ISO mana i kāu hypervisor punahele, kahi mea e lawe ai i kekahi mau minuke akā, inā ʻoe i kamaʻāina me VirtualBox/VMware, ʻAʻohe mea pohihihi nui o ia mea..

Nā waihona o nā VM i mākaukau (ʻoi aku ka Linux)

Nā pahu OS

He mea kahiko ʻo OSBoxes e hōʻuluʻulu ana i nā disc virtual mai a ʻano nui o nā Linux distros a me kekahi mau ʻōnaehana maʻamau (BSD, FreeDOS). Hāʻawi ia i nā kiʻi no VirtualBox (VDI) a me VMware (VMDK); no nā kumu kānāwai ʻAʻole puʻunaue ʻia ʻo WindowsAkā ʻo ka papa inoa he laulā a he mea maʻamau i kēia manawa.

Nui nā kiʻi e kaʻana like i nā hōʻoia paʻamau: osboxes inoa inoa / osboxes.org password no ka mooolelo maʻamau a ma nā distros he nui kumu / osboxes.org i luna hooponopono. E hoʻololi i ka ʻōlelo huna ma hope o ka hoʻomaka mua e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka palekana, a nānā i ka Nā memo no kēlā me kēia hoʻoiho no ka mea, ʻokoʻa i kekahi manawa.

No ka ʻike ʻana, ma OSBoxes he maʻalahi ke ʻike i ka pākaukau a me nā paʻi kikowaena o nā hoʻohele like Android x86, Antergos, antiX, Arch Linux, BackBox, Black Lab, Bodhi, BunsenLabs, E helu i ka Linux, CentOS, CrunchBang, Chromixium, Debian, Deepin, Devuan, Elementary OS, Fedora, Feren OS, FreeBSD, FreeDOS, Gentoo, HandyLinux, IPFire, Kali Linux, Korora, KDE Neon Linux, Korora, KDELM Lubuntu, LXLE, Mageia, MakuluLinux, Manjaro, Nitrux, openSUSE, Parrot Security OS, PCLinuxOS, Pear Linux OS, Peppermint, Phoenix OS, Pinguy OS, PrimeOS, Q4OS, Qubes OS, Raspbian, Remix OS, Sabayon, Scientific Linux, Solus, SparkyLinux, Ultimate, Ubuntu Edition, Xubuntu a me Zorin OS.

Pōmaikaʻi: ʻO ka papa inoa nui i hoʻolālā ʻia no ka hoʻoiho maʻalahi a me ka lawe ʻana mai. Nā hemahema: ʻAʻohe Windows A hāʻawi kekahi mau papa inoa i nā kikoʻī liʻiliʻi ma mua, no laila pono ʻoe e nānā i ka mana pololei i loko o ka VM ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana.

ʻO VirtualBoxes

Kūleʻa nā VirtualBoxes i nā kiʻi no Pahu Pūnaewele (ʻoiai hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia i kekahi manawa no VMware). Aia ko lākou ikaika ma Linux a me nā ʻōnaehana ʻē aʻe e like me FreeBSD a i ʻole FreeDOS, me kahi waihona alphabetical a kāleka me ka hopuHe mea pono no ka hoʻoholo ʻana me ka hoʻoiho makapō.

Ma ka ʻaoʻao maikaʻi ʻole, ka waihona ʻAʻole ia he mea hou e like me OSBoxes, a hoʻopaʻa paʻa i nā VM i VirtualBox, e hōʻemi ana i ka maʻalahi inā ʻo VMware kāu kahua mua a i ʻole hypervisor ʻē aʻe. ʻOiai, hiki ke lilo i mea hoʻopakele ola ke ʻimi ʻoe versiones antiguas no ka hoao ana.

SysProbs

Hāʻawi ʻo SysProbs iā VDI no VirtualBox no nā māhele Linux like ʻole a no Windows (11, 10, 8.1, 7, a me Windows Server 2012 R2/2016/2019)He manuahi nā kiʻi a hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia kahi faila readme me nā koi a me nā hōʻoia e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke ala a holo wikiwiki.

'Ōlelo Aʻo: Aia paha kekahi mau loulou i ka ʻike Microsoft kahiko a haki pahaE hōʻoia mau i ka pono a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana, e hoʻokahua i nā ala kūhelu inā hiki a nānā i nā hashes inā loaʻa.

Pāhana ʻōlelo Paniolo me nā OVA i mākaukau: descargarmaquinasvirtuales.com

Inā makemake ʻoe i nā Linux distros i hoʻokomo ʻia a i loko idioma españolHāʻawi kēia papahana i nā kiʻi ʻano OVA i mākaukau e hoʻoiho a lawe mai i VirtualBox a i ʻole VMware. Hiki mai nā mea a pau hoʻoponopono mua ʻia no laila ʻaʻole ʻoe e hoʻopau manawa i ka hoʻokomo ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana mai ka wā ʻōpala.

Aia i loko o ka papa inoa, ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, Antergos, Arch Linux, CentOS, Debian, Deepin, elementary OS, Fedora, Kali Linux, Linux Lite, Manjaro, Linux Mint, openSUSE, PCLinuxOS, ReactOS, Solus, Ubuntu, Ubuntu Budgie a me Zorin OSHōʻike kā lākou pūnaewele i ke ʻano o ka paʻi (desktop-me nā desktops e like me GNOME a i ʻole XFCE-a i ʻole server), ka mana o ka distro, a me ka ka nui pili mai ka waihona; Ua hoʻopili ʻia nā OVA ma ZIP e mālama i ka lewa a hoʻonui pinepine ʻia.

Hāʻawi ka mea kākau i nā manual kikoʻī no ka lawe ʻana i nā OVA i loko Pahu Pūnaewele a i loko VMwareMa hope o ka lawe ʻana mai, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e hoʻoponopono i nā kumuwaiwai VM: hoʻonui i nā cores a me ka hoʻomanaʻo, koho i ke ʻano pūnaewele (nui nā koho alahaka e hoʻohui iā ia i kāu LAN) a, inā ʻoe e hoʻohana nei i ka Windows ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokipa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka wehe ʻana i nā mea hoʻololi virtual kū'ē. ʻO ka mea maʻamau ka hōʻoia paʻamau mea hoʻohana: "mea hoʻohana" a no ka hooponopono ana kumu me ka ʻōlelo huna "toor" (E nānā i nā kikoʻī o kēlā me kēia kiʻi e hōʻoia a hoʻololi iā lākou ma hope o ka hoʻomaka).

Mea hoʻohana mākaukau: TurnKey Linux a me Bitnami

Inā makemake ʻoe i kahi noi a holo i loko o nā minuke, aia nā papa inoa me nā ʻumi o nā mea hana i hoʻonohonoho mua ʻia ma nā VM. Hāʻawi ʻo TurnKey Linux i nā hāʻina kūpono me VMware, VirtualBox, Xen a me nā Parallels me nā pūʻulu like LAMP, WordPress, Drupal, ownCloud/Nextcloud, GitLab a me nā mea hou aku, me nā hoʻonohonoho palekana a me nā pono hoʻokele.

ʻO Bitnami, ma kāna ʻāpana Stacks, hāʻawi pū kekahi i nā mīkini virtual me nā noi kaulana, mākaukau e hoʻomaka, i hoʻolālā ʻia no ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana. He ala wikiwiki ia e hoʻomaka ai. hāmama nā lawelawe me ka pau ole o ka manawa ma ke kau ana a me ka paakiki mua.

Ke alakaʻi wikiwiki: hoʻokomo i kahi OVA/VDI i VirtualBox a me VMware

ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka lawe ʻana i kahi VM i kūkulu mua ʻia ma mua o ka mea i manaʻo ʻia; me kahi OVA, alakaʻi ka wizard iā ʻoe i nā kaomi liʻiliʻi. ʻOiai pēlā, kōkua kekahi mau ʻanuʻu i hoʻonohonoho ʻia. pale i nā hewa maʻamau ua hoʻokō pono i ka hana mua.

1. Hoʻoiho i ke kiʻi kūpono no kāu hypervisor: OVA inā ʻoe e lawe mai ma ke ʻano he mea hana, a i ʻole VDI/VMDK inā makemake ʻoe e hoʻopili lima i ka disk virtual.
2. Ma VirtualBox, e hele i File> lawelawe lawe mai a koho i ka OVA. E nānā i ka inoa, RAM, CPU, kāleka pūnaewele, a me ka mea mālama mālama. Ma VMware, e hoʻohana i ka File > Wehe No OVA/OVF, a i ʻole e hana i kahi VM hou a koho i "hoʻohana i kahi disk i loaʻa".
3. Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka mua, hoʻoponopono i nā kumuwaiwai: hoʻokaʻawale 2 vCPU Inā ʻae kāu mea hoʻokipa, a me 2-4 GB o RAM no nā distros māmā a i ʻole 6-8 GB inā ʻo ia Windows 10/11.
4. E hoʻonohonoho i kāu pūnaewele e like me kāu lab: NAT e komo i ka Pūnaewele me ka ʻole e hōʻike i nā lawelawe, alahaka inā makemake ʻoe i IP ma kāu LAN, a i ʻole "host-only" no nā wahi kaʻawale.
5. E hoʻomaka a hoʻokomo i ka Guest Additions (VirtualBox) a i ʻole Hāʻawi VMware e hiki ai i ka wikiō wikiwiki, clipboard, kauo a hoʻokuʻu, a hoʻoponopono ʻakomi i ka pale.

Hoʻololi i ka hana a me ka nui: he aha ka ʻokoʻa

Hiki i nā VM Microsoft ke kaupaona ma waena 4,5 GB y 20 GB Lawe lākou i kahi nui ma hope o ka hoʻoiho ʻana a me ka decompression; ma Linux, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o nā nui. Inā hiki, e hoʻokomo iā lākou ma kahi SSD e hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i ka hoʻomaka a me ka pane.

Mai hoʻokaʻawale i nā mea ʻoi aku 50% o ka RAM mai kāu kamepiula i ka VM e pale i ka hoʻouka ʻana i ka host. No nā papapihi Linux māmā, ua lawa ka 2-4 GB; no ka mea, Windows 10/11, 6-8 GB ua paipai ʻia inā kākoʻo kāu mea hoʻokipa iā ia. Hoʻonui ʻia mai ka 1 a i 2 vCPU ʻIke loa ia i ka maʻalahi o ka malihini.

I ka waiho ʻana, kahi diski virtual o ka nui Manaʻo wau ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kāna hana. (ʻoiai ʻo ia e lawe i nā wahi āpau mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana), ʻoiai ʻo ka mālama ʻana i ka ikaika e mālama i ka lewa a ulu e like me ka hoʻohana ʻana. E loiloi i kāu lako polokalamu a me nā pono ʻikepili; ʻAʻole pono ke hoʻonui i ka nui inā ʻoe e hana i kekahi mau mea. nā hoʻokolohua kikoʻī.

Ma kahi o nā Guest Additions a i ʻole VMware Tools, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā faila inā pono a hoʻoponopono i ka modo de pantalla i kāu nānā. Inā lohi ka wikiō, e hoʻopau i nā hopena papapihi malihini a i ʻole e hōʻemi i ka wikiwiki 3D, hiki ke ʻoki ʻia i nā hāmeʻa haʻahaʻa.

Pūnaewele a me nā hale hana: NAT, alahaka a me ka hoʻokipa hoʻokahi

Kākoʻo ʻo VirtualBox NAT, alahaka, pūnaewele kūloko a me ka mea hoʻokipa wale nō (me ka hoʻohui IPv6). Hāʻawi ʻo NAT iā ʻoe i ka ʻike pūnaewele me ka ʻole e hōʻike i ka VM; hoʻopili ʻo bridging i ka VM i kāu LAN me kāna helu IP ponoʻī; ʻAe ʻo host-only iā ʻoe e hana i kahi kaiapuni hoʻāʻo kaʻawale a i ʻole a ʻāpana hoʻomalu no nā hoʻomaʻamaʻa cybersecurity.

Inā ʻoe e hana i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa pentesting me nā distros like Kali LinuxE noʻonoʻo e hoʻohana i ka host-wale nō a, inā pono, e hoʻohui i kahi NIC lua ma NAT a i ʻole ke ʻano bridged. Inā ʻoe e hoʻohana nei i ka Windows ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokipa, pono paha ʻoe e hoʻopau i nā mea hoʻololi virtual i hoʻohana ʻole ʻia no ka pale ʻana i [unclear - malia "unclear" a "unclear"]. paio pūnaewele.

Ka palekana a me ke kānāwai: ka manaʻo maʻamau ma mua o nā mea a pau

ʻO ka hoʻoiho ʻana i nā VM e mālama iā ʻoe i ka manawa, akā ʻo ia ka hilinaʻi i ka mea nāna i kūkulu iā lākou. Ma nā pūnaewele kūhelu a i ʻole nā ​​​​repositories kaulana, haʻahaʻa ka pilikia; ma nā kumu kānalua, pilikia paha ʻoe. nā kiʻi hoʻopunipuni a i ʻole malwareE hōʻoia i nā hashes ke paʻi ʻia lākou a mālama iā Defender a i ʻole kāu antivirus punahele i loko o ka malihini.

E hoʻomanaʻo ua kaʻawale ka VM, akā hana like waihona kaʻana like, clipboard, a i ʻole pūnaewele pili Hoʻopili lākou i kāu kamepiula. Hoʻopau i ka mea āu e pono ʻole ai, a inā kānalua ʻoe i kekahi mea, e hoʻohana i nā kaiapuni hoʻopau ʻole me ka ʻikepili koʻikoʻi. Ma ke kānāwai, ʻaʻole kau ʻo Linux i nā palena; no Windows, hoʻohana nā kiʻi loiloi kūhelu a i ʻole kāu mau laikini ponoʻī, a pale aku i nā VM ʻaoʻao ʻekolu "pre-activated". Me ka macOS, ua kaupalena ka EULA i kona hoʻokō ʻana iā Lako Appleʻoiai ma ka virtualization.

ʻAno 1 a me Type 2 Hypervisors: Kahi e kūpono ai kēlā me kēia

Nā mea nānā aku o tipo 1 Holo pololei nā paepae (Bare metal) e like me Hyper-V a i ʻole ESXi ma luna o ka hāmeʻa, e hāʻawi ana i ka hana ʻoi aku ka nui a me ke kaʻawale. Ka poe o tipo 2 ʻO nā noi i hoʻokipa ʻia e like me VirtualBox a i ʻole VMware Workstation e holo ma luna o kahi ʻōnaehana hana, e hoʻolilo iā lākou i kūpono no pona a i ʻole nā ​​papa hana keʻena hana me ka puka komo haahaa loa.

Ma ka papapihi, hāʻawi ʻo VirtualBox i kahi hiʻohiʻona hiki ʻole ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia / kumukūʻai (ʻaʻole manuahi), ʻoiai ʻo VMware e hoʻomālamalama i loko. ka poni a me ka hanaHoʻohui pū ʻia ʻo Hyper-V i Windows a maikaʻi loa inā ʻoe e hana i loko o ka kaiaola Microsoft a makemake paha i ka virtualization "koʻikoʻi" ʻaʻohe kumu kūʻai.

ʻO VirtualBox i ka pōkole: nā hiʻohiʻona hiki ke mālama iā ʻoe

Kūleʻa ʻo VirtualBox no ka manuahi, cross-platform, a kāhāhā piha. ʻAe ia Hoʻokomo a lawe aku i ka Oracle CloudNested virtualization (e laʻa, KVM i loko o ka malihini), ka hoʻokele waihona malihini, a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ʻike me nā Guest Additions.

Ma ka pūnaewele, kākoʻo ia NAT, alahaka, loko a me ka mea hoʻokipa wale nōI ka mālama ʻana, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā mea hoʻokele SATA, NVMe, SCSI, IDE a me SASHiki iā ia ke hoʻopili i nā disks a hiki ke kau i kahi mea hoʻomaka iSCSI e kiʻi i nā pahuhopu mamao. Hāʻawi pū ia i ka wikiwiki 3D, kauō a hoʻokuʻuUSB, webcam virtual, leo HD, ACPI piha, nā paʻi kiʻi lālācloned ʻoiai e mālama ana i nā mea ʻike a me nā API no ka automation a me nā lawelawe pūnaewele.

ʻO nā koho ʻē aʻe e pili ana iā DevOps

Aia nā ʻōnaehana VM i hoʻolālā ʻia e hoʻolalelale i nā pipeline hoʻomohala a me nā kaiapuni. E ʻike ʻoe i nā mīkini i kēlā Windows 11/10 optimized for programming (SDK, tools, examples), templates of Windows Server 2019/2022 me Java, .NET, PHP, Python a me nā waihona e like me SQL Server, Oracle, PostgreSQL a i ʻole MySQL, a me nā kiʻi o Pūnaewele ʻo Ubuntu/Ubuntu mākaukau e hōʻuluʻulu. Aia kekahi mau VM me Azure DevOps Server preconfigured e hoʻomaka i nā pipeline i nā minuke. ʻO kekahi mau hana (no ka laʻana, Open-DevLabs a i ʻole nā ​​hōʻiliʻili "Free DevOps Virtual Machines") i kēia mau kumuwaiwai; e nānā mau i nā laikini, hoʻoiho i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, a nā koi lako ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana iā lākou i ka hana.

Ma waena o nā waihona kūhelu o Microsoft, ka mea ʻimi ISO a Adguard, nā OSBoxes/VirtualBoxes/SysProbs catalogs, nā OVA Spanish mai descargarmaquinasvirtuales.com, a me nā mea hana TurnKey/Bitnami, loaʻa iā ʻoe nā Windows hou, Linux o kēia manawa, a nā noi mākaukau No ka hoʻolaha ʻana. Ma ka hoʻoponopono maikaʻi ʻana i ka RAM/CPU, ke koho ʻana i ke ʻano pūnaewele kūpono, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hana palekana a me ka laikini maikaʻi, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻonohonoho i kahi kaiapuni paʻa i nā minuke e aʻo ai, hoʻāʻo, a hana maʻalahi.