Pehea e ʻike ai inā ua hana ʻia kahi pilikia Windows e ka antivirus a i ʻole ka firewall

¿Pehea e ʻike ai inā ua hana ʻia kahi pilikia Windows e kahi antivirus a firewall paha? I ka wā e hana ai kekahi mea Ua pau kāna hana pono ʻana ma Windows. (Ua ʻoki ʻia ka Pūnaewele, ʻaʻole e pili ka pāʻani, ʻaʻole e hoʻomaka kahi polokalamu, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke komo i ka pūnaewele kūloko…), ʻo kekahi o nā nīnau kūpono mua inā paha ʻo ka mea hana hewa ka mea pale ʻona a i ʻole ka pā ahiʻAʻole maopopo mau ia, no ka mea, ua hoʻolālā ʻia kēia mau mea hana e pale iā ʻoe, akā i kekahi manawa hoʻopuka lākou i nā hopena wahaheʻe, nā lula i hoʻonohonoho hewa ʻia, a i ʻole nā ​​​​hakakā me nā polokalamu ʻē aʻe.

Ma kēia ʻatikala e ʻike ai ʻoe Pehea e ʻike ai inā paha mai ka antivirus, ka pā ahi Windows, a i ʻole kahi pā ahi ʻaoʻao ʻekolu ka pilikiaE aʻo ʻoe i nā mea e nānā ai i kēlā me kēia hihia a pehea e hoʻoponopono ai me ka waiho ʻole ʻana i kāu ʻōnaehana me ka pale ʻole ʻia. E ʻike ʻoe i nā ʻano hana kiʻi, nā mea hana laina kauoha, nā nānā lawelawe, nā log, nā mea hana waho, a pehea hoʻi e wehewehe ai i nā lula a me nā hanana e hiki ai i ke kumu o ka pilikia.

Nā manaʻo kumu: antivirus, firewall a me nā ʻikepili pūnaewele

Ma mua o kou hoʻomaka ʻana e hoʻopilikia me nā hoʻonohonoho e like me ka pupule, he mea nui e maopopo i kēia mau mea: He aha ka hana a ka pā ahi Windows, a he aha ka hana a ka antivirus?No ka mea, ua hoʻāhewa like ʻia nā mea ʻelua a ʻaʻole like ko lāua kuleana.

El Pā ahi Windows (Pā ahi Microsoft Defender) Hoʻopāpā ia i ke kaʻa pūnaewele e komo ana a e haʻalele ana i ke kamepiula, e ālai ana i nā pilina ʻae ʻole ʻia ma muli o nā lula. Nā helu wahi IP, nā awa, nā protocol, a me nā ala polokalamuʻO ka antivirus, no kāna ʻāpana, ke kālele nei i ka ʻike ʻana polokalamu ʻino, hana kānalua, a me nā faila ʻinoʻoiai he nui kekahi e hoʻokomo pū i kā lākou pā ahi i hoʻohui ʻia. No ka hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi ʻana i nā ʻano e kū nei, e nīnau i ka ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka antivirus.

Hoʻonohonoho ʻo Windows i ka palekana pūnaewele ma o nā ʻikepili pūnaeweleDomain (nā wahi hana i mālama ʻia), pilikino (home a i ʻole pūnaewele hilinaʻi), a me ka lehulehu (Wi-Fi ma nā hale inu, nā kahua mokulele, a pēlā aku). Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao kāna hoʻonohonoho pā ahi ponoʻī, no laila Hiki paha i kekahi mea ke holo pono ma ka home akā ʻaʻole holo pono ma ka Wi-Fi lehulehu. no ka hoʻohana wale ʻana i nā lula like ʻole.

Eia kekahi, he mea nui e hoʻomaopopo i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o pūnaewele pilikino a lehulehu ma WindowsMa kahi pūnaewele pilikino, ʻae ʻoe e hiki i nā polokalamu ʻē aʻe ma ka pūnaewele like ke ʻike i kāu kamepiula a hoʻopili iā ia (no ka laʻana, kahi NAS a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​waihona kaʻana like PC), ʻoiai ma kahi pūnaewele lehulehu he mea maʻamau ia e pani i nā pilina e hiki mai ana i ka hiki no ka mea, ʻaʻole ʻoe i ʻike i kekahi ma ka pūnaewele.

Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai maʻamau, ʻo ka ʻoi aku ka "hilinaʻi ʻole" o ka pūnaewele (nā hōkele, nā hale ʻaina, Wi-Fi hāmama), ʻo ka nui aku Pono e kaupalena ʻia kāu pā ahi.ʻO ke ʻano kēia, hiki i kekahi polokalamu e hana maikaʻi ana ma ka home ke lilo koke i mea ʻole i ka wā e hoʻololi ai i nā pūnaewele.

Pehea e nānā ai inā loaʻa ka pilikia mai ka Windows Firewall

ʻO ka hana mua e hoʻoholo ai inā ua hana ʻia kahi hemahema e ka pā ahi, ʻo ia ke hōʻoia ua hana maoli ka Windows Firewall a ʻaʻole i hoʻopau ʻia e kahi antivirus ʻaoʻao ʻekolu a i ʻole e kahi kulekele ʻoihana.

Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike ma ka wehe ʻana i ka app Palekana Windows (E huli no "Windows Security" a i ʻole "Firewall and Network Protection" ma ka pahu huli taskbar.) Mai laila mai e ʻike ai ʻoe i ke kūlana o kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao (Domain, Private, Public) a inā paha Pā ahi pale Microsoft Ua hoʻā ʻia a hoʻopau ʻia paha i kēlā me kēia.

E hoʻomanaʻo ma kekahi mau kamepiula, ʻoiai kahi i hoʻokomo ʻia ai kahi pā ahi ʻaoʻao ʻekolu (Bitdefender, Avast, ESET, a pēlā aku), hiki i ka ʻaoʻao Windows ke hōʻike i nā leka huikau: ʻike ʻia nā ʻaoʻao i hoʻā ʻia, akā hōʻike kahi papa kiʻekiʻe aʻe ua "ua pio ka Pā Ahiahi Windows" no ka mea ʻo ka pā ahi hana nā antivirus.

No ka nānā pono ʻana, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā mea hana e like me PowerShell, WMI a i ʻole netsh e nānā i ke kūlana maoli; eia kekahi, he mea pono e ʻike pehea E ālai i nā pilina pūnaewele kānalua mai CMD Inā ʻike ʻoe i ke kaʻa kānalua. Eia kekahi laʻana, me netsh advfirewall show allprofiles Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike inā aia ka pā ahi ma ke ʻano "ON" a i ʻole "OFF" no kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao. Inā ʻike ʻia lākou a pau ma ke ʻano he ON akā ʻike ʻoe ua pio ka pā ahi Windows ma ka ʻaoʻao kiʻi, ʻo ia paha Ke hoʻokele nei kahi pā ahi ʻaoʻao ʻekolu i ka palekana a hōʻike wale ʻo Windows i ka ʻike i hoʻokomo ʻia e ka mea kūʻai aku.

Inā kānalua ʻoe e hoʻopilikia ana kahi pā ahi ʻaoʻao ʻekolu, e nānā pū i ka Kikowaena Palekana a i ʻole Kikowaena Hana Hilinaʻi ʻo Windows i ka ʻike ma o WMI. Inā ua hōʻino ʻia ka waihona WMI, hiki i ka ʻike kūlana o ka pā ahi ke kuhihewa, a he mea kūpono ia e... hoʻoponopono i ka waihona WMI.

E ʻike i nā polokalamu a me nā awa i ālai ʻia e ka pā ahi Windows.

ʻO kahi ala kūpono loa e nānā ai inā loaʻa kahi pilikia mai ka pā ahi ʻike pono i ka mea e ālai anaPili kēia i nā awa a me nā polokalamu. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o ka Windows Firewall ma mua o ka mea i ʻike mua ʻia.

Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, hana pū ka pā ahi me nā lula komo a me ka puka ʻanaHiki i kēia mau lula ke ʻae a hōʻole paha i ke kaʻa no kahi executable kikoʻī, port, a i ʻole IP range. ʻO kahi maikaʻi wahaheʻe maʻamau, ʻo ia kēlā ua ālai ʻia kahi polokalamu kūpono no ka mea, ua manaʻo kekahi mau lula iā ia he mea kānalua a kau paha iā ia ma ka papa inoa ʻeleʻele.

No ka nānā ʻana i nā polokalamu i ālai ʻia, e hele i Papa Mana > ʻŌnaehana a me ka Palekana > Pā ahi pale Windows a hele i "ʻAe i kahi polokalamu a i ʻole hiʻohiʻona ma o ka Windows Defender Firewall." Ma laila ʻoe e ʻike ai i kahi papa inoa o nā polokalamu āpau Ua ʻae ʻia lākou a ua pāpā ʻia paha? ma ka pā ahi, me kahi kolamu no kēlā me kēia ʻano pūnaewele (pilikino a lehulehu).

Inā ʻike ʻia kahi polokalamu e hoʻopilikia nei iā ʻoe me ka nānā ʻole ʻia i loko o nā ʻaoʻao āu e hoʻohana ai, a i ʻole ʻaʻole i helu ʻia, he hōʻailona maikaʻi kēlā ʻO ka pā ahi ke kuleana no ka hāʻule ʻanaHiki iā ʻoe ke koho iā ia e ʻae iā ia a i ʻole e hoʻohui lima iā ia inā ʻaʻole ia e ʻike ʻia.

No nā awa, ʻae ka pā ahi Windows iā ʻoe e hana i kahi moʻolelo kalepa i ālai ʻiaMai ka "Windows Defender Firewall me ka Advanced Security" (Control Panel> Administrative Tools) hiki iā ʻoe ke hele i nā Properties, koho i ka ʻaoʻao āu e makemake ai (lehulehu, pilikino a kikowaena paha), a ma ka ʻāpana logging e nānā i nā "Log dropped packets" ma ʻAeʻO ka faila log (maʻamau pfirewall.log) ua mālama ʻia i loko %systemroot%\system32\LogFiles\Firewall.

ʻO ka wehe ʻana i kēlā log e hōʻike iā ʻoe i nā kikoʻī. ʻO wai nā awa a me nā helu wahi e ālai ʻia ana e ka pā ahi?Inā, i kou hoʻāʻo ʻana e hoʻohana i kahi polokalamu, ʻike ʻia kahi laina e hōʻike ana ua hāʻule ke kaʻa, ʻike ʻoe i kahi e puka mai ai ka pilikia.

E nānā i nā awa mai waho: Loaʻa iā ʻoe ka hōʻailona a me nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe

No ka hōʻoia hou aku inā e hele mai ana ke ālai ʻana mai ka pā ahi/nā awa ma kāu pūnaewele, hiki iā ʻoe ke hilinaʻi i kēia mau mea: nā mea hana wahoʻO kekahi o nā mea maʻalahi loa ʻo ia ka pūnaewele You Get Signal, kahi i hoʻohana ʻia e nānā inā ua wehe ʻia kahi awa kikoʻī i ka Pūnaewele.

Hōʻike kēia ʻaoʻao iā ʻoe i kāu IP lehulehu Loaʻa iā ia kahi ʻāpana i kapa ʻia ʻo "Port Forwarding Tester." E hoʻokomo wale i ke awa āu e makemake ai e hoʻāʻo a kaomi iā "Check" e ʻike inā ua wehe ʻia a pani ʻia paha mai waho o kāu pūnaewele.

Eia kekahi, aia pū kekahi papa inoa o nā awa maʻamau (21 FTP, 22 SSH, 5900 VNC, 25565 no nā kikowaena Minecraft, a pēlā aku) i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia. Inā noi kahi pāʻani a lawelawe paha iā ʻoe e wehe i kahi awa, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻāʻo e wehe iā ia ma laila e ʻike inā ʻae kāu router a me ka firewall i ke kaʻa.

Inā hōʻike ka hoʻāʻo ua pani ʻia ka puka a ua manaʻo ʻoe ua wehe ʻoe, pono ʻoe e nānā i nā mea ʻelua hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ke alalai (hoʻouna ʻana i ka puka/NAT) e like me nā lula pā ahi Windows a i ʻole kāu polokalamu antivirus. I ka hopena, inā uhaki kekahi o kēlā mau loulou i ka pilina, e ʻike ʻia ke awa ua pani ʻia mai waho.

Ma ke ʻano he ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo hou aʻe, inā ma hope o ka wehe ʻana i kahi awa ma ke alalai a ʻae iā ia i loko o ka pā ahi Windows, hōʻike mau ka hoʻāʻo ua pani ʻia, he mea hiki loa ia kahi pā ahi ʻaoʻao ʻekolu a i ʻole ka antivirus ponoʻī ke kānana nei i kēlā pilina.

Pehea e hana ai nā lula pā ahi a no ke aha lākou i kekahi manawa "e hele mua ai iā lākou iho"

ʻAʻole hoʻopili ka ʻenekini Windows Firewall i nā lula āpau i ka manawa hoʻokahi, akā E hoʻohana i hoʻokahi wale nō lula e hoʻoholo ai i ka mea e hana ai me kēlā me kēia pūʻolo.Inā kūlike kekahi mau lula, e hahai i kahi hoʻonohonoho koʻikoʻi o ka mea nui i ka wā e noiʻi ana i nā pilikia.

ʻO ka mea nui kēia: ʻo ka mea mua, ua hoʻopili ʻia nā lula e ʻae ana i ke kaʻa "inā palekana", a ua hoʻā ʻia ke koho. "Hoʻopau i ka poloka"a laila hele mai nā lula o Poloka; a ʻo ka hope loa o ka poʻe o ʻAeʻO ke ʻano kēia, ʻoiai inā ʻoe e hana i kahi lula e ʻae i kahi polokalamu, inā aia kekahi lula pale ʻē aʻe me ke koʻikoʻi kiʻekiʻe, e hoʻomau i ke ālai ʻana i ke kaʻa.

Ma ka pūʻolo "Monitoring" o "Windows Firewall me Advanced Security", ʻo kēia wale nō ka mea e hōʻike ʻia nei: nā kānāwai hana i kēlā manawaInā ʻaʻole ʻoe e ʻike i kahi lula ma kēlā papa inoa, no ka mea ua pio ia a i ʻole no ka mea ua ʻae mua ke ʻano paʻamau o ka pā ahi no kēlā kuhikuhi (komo a puka paha) i ke kaʻa a ʻaʻohe pono e hōʻike i nā lula ʻae akaka.

Ma ka paʻamau, ua hoʻā ʻia kekahi mau hui lula (Nā Pūnaewele Primary, Remote Assistance, Network Discovery, etc.). Ke hoʻokomo ʻoe i nā hiʻohiʻona a i ʻole nā ​​​​polokalamu Windows hou, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia nā mea hou aku. nā lula hou aʻe i kekahi manawa e kūʻē i nā mea āu i hoʻonohonoho ai ma hope.

Inā ʻoe e hoʻāʻo nei e ʻike inā ke ālai ʻia nei kahi polokalamu e ka pā ahi, he manaʻo maikaʻi e nānā i ka ʻāpana Nānā e ʻike i nā lula e hoʻopili maoli ʻia nei, no ka mea, ʻo ia kahi e waiho ai ka pilikia. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ke kānāwai kikoʻī i hoʻoholo i ka hopena o ka pilina..

Hana log: nā log pā ahi, auditpol, a me netstat

Inā makemake ʻoe e "hele i nā kikoʻī" e ʻike i kahi hewa paʻakikī, hiki iā ʻoe ke hilinaʻi i kekahi mau mea hana Windows e ʻae iā ʻoe e hana pūnaewele loiloi a me ka hana pā ahi.

Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, ma waho aʻe o ka log firewall a mākou i ʻōlelo ai, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana auditpol.exe no hoʻonohonoho i nā kulekele loiloiMe nā kauoha e like me auditpol.exe /list /category Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā māhele hanana e hiki ke hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia, a me auditpol.exe /set /category:"NombreCategoria" /SubCategory:"NombreSubcategoria" Hoʻā ʻoe i ke kau inoa no kēlā ʻāpana kikoʻī.

E hōʻike ʻia kēia mau hanana ma ka Mea Nānā Hananaa kōkua lākou iā ʻoe e ʻike, no ka laʻana, nā loli kulekele a i ʻole nā ​​hanana palekana e hoʻopilikia ana i ka pā ahi a i ʻole IPSec; hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohui iā lākou me nā polokalamu e pale aku ai i nā komo hewa inā ʻoe e kānalua i ka hana ʻino.

Hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i kahi kiʻi o ke kūlana pūnaewele ma o ka holo ʻana i ke kauoha ma lalo nei i kahi kauoha kauoha: netstat -ano > netstat.txt y tasklist /svc > tasklist.txtMa ke keʻa ʻana i nā faila ʻelua āu e ʻike ai nā kaʻina hana e hoʻohana ana i nā awa hea Mahalo i ka PID (ka mea hōʻike hana). He mea maikaʻi kēia no ka ʻike ʻana i ka polokalamu e hoʻolohe ana ma kahi awa āu e makemake ai e wehe a i ʻole i ʻike ʻia ua ālai ʻia i loko o ka log.

Inā, ma hope o ka loiloi ʻana i kēia mau mea a pau, ʻike ʻoe he kaʻa i ālai ʻia ʻaʻole pono, he mea hiki loa ia ʻO ka pā ahi (a i ʻole kekahi lula kikoʻī) paha ke kumu o ka pilikia. a ʻaʻole nui ka antivirus maʻamau.

Nā lawelawe e pono ai no ka hana pono ʻana o ka pā ahi

ʻO kekahi kumu e like me ka hāʻule ʻole ʻana o ka pā ahi (a i ʻole hōʻike ʻo Windows i nā kūlana ʻē) ʻo ia ua hāʻule kekahi lawelawe koʻikoʻiI mea e hana pono ai ʻo "Windows Firewall me Advanced Security", pono e holo nā lawelawe e like me kēia:

• Motika kānana kumu (BFE)
• Pā ahi Windows
• Mea kūʻai aku kulekele hui
• Nā modula hana kī IPsec no IKE a me AuthIP
• Kōkua IP
• Luna Hoʻomalu Kulekele IPsec
• Ka ʻike ʻana i ka wahi o ka pūnaewele
• Hana papa inoa pūnaewele

Inā ua pio kekahi o kēia mau lawelawe a hewa paha, hiki i ka pā ahi ke ʻaʻole e hoʻopili pono i nā lula, ʻaʻole e ʻike i ka ʻaoʻao pūnaewele o kēia manawa a i ʻole e ʻae iā ʻoe e wehe i ka console hoʻonohonoho holomua me ka ʻole o nā hewa.

I kēlā kūlana, inā ʻike ʻoe i nā pilikia pili ʻē a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​kūlike ʻole ma waena o ka mea a ka interface e ʻōlelo nei a me ka mea e hana nei, he manaʻo maikaʻi e hele i ka luna hoʻomalu lawelawe a e hōʻoia i ka hana ʻana o kēia mau mea a pau a hoʻonohonoho ʻia i ka hoʻomaka ʻakomi (koe wale nō nā hihia kikoʻī loa i nā wahi i mālama ʻia).

Ke hana hewa nei ka antivirus a i ʻole kahi pā ahi ʻaoʻao ʻekolu

Ma waho aʻe o ka pā ahi Windows, nui nā pilikia i loaʻa mai antivirus me ka pā ahi i hoʻohui ʻia e like me Avast, Bitdefender, ESET, a pēlā aku. I kekahi manawa, ʻike ka Windows Action Center/Security Center ua hoʻokomo ʻia lākou akā hōʻike i nā leka e like me "Ua hoʻopau ʻia ʻo Avast Antivirus" a i ʻole "Ua hoʻopau ʻia ka pā ahi," ʻoiai ke holo nei lākou.

I mea e hōʻole ai he hemahema kamaʻilio wale nō ka ʻōlelo aʻo Windows me ka antivirus, e nānā mua i ka hōʻike ʻana o ka huahana ponoʻī "Ua pale ʻia kēia hui"ua hana ʻia ka laikini a ua hōʻano hou ʻia ka wehewehe ʻana o ka polokalamu a me nā mea hoʻomaʻi.

Inā hoʻokomo pū ka antivirus pā ahi ponoʻī (e like me Avast Premium Security a i ʻole ESET Internet Security), e hele i kāna mau hoʻonohonoho a nānā i ka hoʻā ʻia ʻana o ka pā ahi (hōʻike pinepine ʻia me kahi kuapo ʻōmaʻomaʻo/on). Inā ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia i ON ma aneʻi, akā ʻōlelo ʻo Windows ua pio, ʻo ka pilikia maʻamau i loko o ka Waihona waihona WMIʻo ia kahi e loaʻa ai iā Windows ke kūlana o nā hoʻonā palekana.

I ke ʻano o ESET, no ka laʻana, loaʻa iā ʻoe nā mea hana e like me ka puka makani o Ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā pilikia komo pūnaeweleHōʻike kēia mea hana i nā pilina pūnaewele āpau i ālai ʻia e ka pā ahi a hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i nā ʻokoʻa ma ke ala alakaʻi. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka ʻano pakanā ʻAe ka pā ahi o ESET iā ʻoe e ʻae a hōʻole paha i nā pilina i ka wā e hana ʻia ai, e hana ana i nā lula maʻamau e pili ana i ke kaʻa maoli.

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi pā ahi ʻaoʻao ʻekolu a nalowale ka pilikia no kekahi manawa ke hoʻopau ʻoe iā ia, akā ʻaʻole i ka wā e hoʻopau wale ai ʻoe i ka Windows Firewall, ua maopopo loa ia ʻO ia huahana e ʻoki ana i nā pilinaI kēlā hihia, ʻo kāu hana ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i kā lākou mau lula (a i ʻole e noʻonoʻo e hoʻololi i nā hoʻonā) ma mua o ka hoʻopā ʻana i ka pā ahi Microsoft.

No ke aha ʻaʻole he manaʻo maikaʻi ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka pā ahi (koe wale nō nā hoʻokolohua kikoʻī)

He nui ka poʻe, i ka wā kānalua, e lawe i ke ala maʻalahi: hoʻopau i ka pā ahi E nānā kākou inā "hana nā mea āpau" ma kēia ʻano. Hiki i kēia ke lawelawe ma ke ʻano he hoʻāʻo hoʻokahi e hōʻoia inā hoʻomaka ka pilikia ma laila, akā ʻo ka waiho ʻana iā ia e pio mau loa ua like ia me e waiho i kou hale me nā puka a me nā puka makani e hāmama ana.

Me ka ʻole o kahi pā ahi, ua hōʻike ʻia nā awa āpau o kāu kamepiula e like me ka wehe a hiki ke komo ʻia, a ʻoi aku ka nui o kou hiki ke hāʻule i ka polokalamu ʻino, komo hewa ʻana, a i ʻole nā ​​scan hana ponoʻīʻO ka pā ahi ka mea e hoʻoponopono ai i nā awa i ʻike ʻia a me nā mea i ʻike ʻole ʻia, a me nā polokalamu e hiki ke hoʻohana i ka pūnaewele.

ʻO ka mea kūpono e hana ai, inā manaʻo ʻoe ʻo ka pā ahi ke kumu o ka pilikia, ʻo ia E hoʻopau iā ia no kekahi mau minuke wale nō No ka nānā ʻana inā nalo ka pilikia. Inā holo pono nā mea āpau ma hope o ka hana ʻana i kēia, loaʻa iā ʻoe ka hōʻoia ʻana ʻo ka pā ahi (ʻo Windows a i ʻole kekahi ʻaoʻao ʻekolu) ke kumu, a laila pono ʻoe e ʻimi i ke kānāwai kūpono a i ʻole ka ʻokoʻa; mai waiho iā ia ua pio.

I kēlā me kēia hihia, inā ua kūlou ʻoe i nā lula a hoʻomaka e ʻike i nā ʻano ʻē, e hoʻomanaʻo hiki iā ʻoe ke... hoʻihoʻi i nā pā ahi i nā waiwai paʻamau mai ka console Windows ponoʻī, kahi e hoʻihoʻi ai i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ke kūlana ʻōnaehana mua (ʻoiai ma nā ʻano ʻoihana e hoʻopili hou ʻia nā kulekele kikowaena).

Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai maʻamau, pono e pale aku kahi pā ahi, akā ʻaʻole e lilo i mea keakea mau. Inā ʻike ʻoe ua hāʻule nā ​​​​mea āpau koe wale nō ka wā i hoʻopau ʻia, ua maopopo leʻa kekahi mea i loko o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana a pono e loiloi pono ʻia.

Nā pilikia a me nā pono o nā awa hāmama

ʻO ka nā awa pūnaewele Ua like lākou me nā awa helu ma kāu pilina pūnaewele. No ka hana ʻana o nā lawelawe he nui (nā pāʻani pūnaewele, nā kelepona wikiō, nā kikowaena NAS, nā noi P2P, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe), pono e wehe ʻia kekahi mau awa, akā ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo he manaʻo maikaʻi ke wehe ʻia lākou. nā mea āpau e wehe ʻia me ka ʻole o ka mana.

Ke wehe ʻoe i nā awa i hoʻohana ʻole ʻia, ke waiho nei ʻoe i nā wahi komo e hiki ai i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe ke hoʻohana. polokalamu ʻino a i ʻole nā ​​mea hoʻoukaHe nui nā code ʻino e nānā i nā awa kikoʻī e hoʻomaka ai i nā hoʻouka kaua; nā leka hoʻomaopopo komo hewa Hiki i ka mīkini hoʻohele ke hoʻomaopopo iā ʻoe i nā hoʻāʻo komo; hiki i kahi komo komo kūleʻa i loko o ka mīkini hoʻohele ke hoʻopilikia i nā polokalamu āpau ma ka pūnaewele: hoʻololi DNS, nā hoʻouka kaua Man-in-the-Middle, hoʻohana ʻana i ka mīkini hoʻohele i nā hoʻouka kaua DoS, ka hana ʻana i nā pūnaewele Wi-Fi hoʻopunipuni e hoʻohālike i kāu, a pēlā aku.

Eia nō naʻe, i kekahi manawa he mea nui e wehe i nā awa: no ka laʻana, i pāʻani ma ka pūnaewele me kahi pāʻani console a PC paha e pono ai ke kamaʻilio me nā kikowaena mamao; e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka wikiwiki i nā noi P2P; e ʻae i ke komo mamao i kahi NAS a i ʻole kikowaena home; a i ʻole i nā polokalamu kelepona wikiō e like me Skype, e hana maʻalahi.

Aia ke kī i loko E wehe wale i nā awa e pono ai, i nā wahi i hiki ʻole ke hele ʻia, a me nā hana palekana hou aʻe. (nā pūlima i hōʻano hou ʻia, nā ʻōnaehana hou loa, nā ʻōlelo huna ikaika, a pēlā aku). ʻO kēlā me kēia hōʻailona ʻē e pili ana i kahi awa i wehe hou ʻia e hoʻomaopopo iā ʻoe inā ke lawelawe pono nei ka pā ahi iā ia a i ʻole ke kānana nei kekahi polokalamu ʻē aʻe i kēlā kalepa.

Inā hoʻomau ʻoe i ka ʻike ʻana i nā ʻoki ʻana ma hope o ka wehe ʻana i kahi awa no kahi pāʻani, no ka laʻana, e nānā i kāu pā ahi, router, a me nā polokalamu antivirus. Hoʻokumu ka nui o kēia mau polokalamu i nā lula aunoa, akā koi nā mea ʻē aʻe i ka hoʻonohonoho lima. hoʻohui lima i ka ʻokoʻa.

Ka hoʻouna ʻana i ke awa a me kona pilina me ka pā ahi

El hoʻouna ʻana i ke awa ʻO ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka puka kahi ʻenehana e hiki ai i kahi mea hoʻohana waho ma ka pūnaewele ke komo i kahi lawelawe i loko o kāu LAN, ma hope o kahi router me NAT. Hoʻokō ʻia kēia ma ka hoʻohuli ʻana i kahi awa WAN ma ka router i kahi mīkini kūloko a me kahi awa.

Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia e ʻae i kekahi mai waho e komo i kahi Kikowaena NAS, kikowaena pūnaewele, kikowaena pāʻani hoʻolaʻa ʻia, pākaukau mamaoa pēlā aku. ʻO ka pilikia, ʻoiai inā ʻoe e hoʻouna i ke kaʻa ma ka router, inā loaʻa iā Windows ka ua ālai ʻia ke awa i loko o kāu pā ahiʻAʻole nō e hiki aku ke kaʻa i ka polokalamu.

Ma Windows 10/11 hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokele iā ia mai "Windows Defender Firewall me ka palekana kiʻekiʻe". Aia iā ʻoe ka Nā lula komo (no ke kaʻa e komo mai ana) a me ka Nā lula puka (no kāna mea e hoʻopuka ai). ʻO ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka awa e pili pinepine ana i ke kaʻa e komo mai ana, no laila pono ʻoe e hana i kahi lula komo e ʻae ai i ke awa kūpono a me ka protocol (TCP a i ʻole UDP).

I ke hana ʻana i kahi lula awa hou, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻae i nā "All local ports" a i ʻole e kuhikuhi i hoʻokahi awa a i ʻole kahi laulā. ʻO ke kūpono, E wehe wale i ka puka kikoʻī āu e pono aiE koho inā e hoʻohana iā TCP a i ʻole UDP, a laila e kuhikuhi i nā ʻikepili pūnaewele e pili ai (kikowaena, pilikino, a lehulehu paha). ʻO ka mea hope loa, e hāʻawi iā ia i kahi inoa wehewehe i hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike maʻalahi iā ia.

Inā ʻoe e hana i kēia a ʻaʻohe pilina kūpono, e nānā i ka log firewall e ʻike inā e hāʻule ana nā packets no kēlā awa, a e hōʻoia i kēlā ʻaʻohe kānāwai mua ʻē aʻe e ālai ana ke kaʻa like me ke koʻikoʻi kiʻekiʻe.

Ke kāohi nei i ka pā ahi Windows me Netsh

Ke hana pono ʻole ka interface kiʻi a i ʻole pono ʻoe e hoʻokele pono i nā hana, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana Netsh (Pūnaewele Pūnaewele), kahi pono hana laina kauoha i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o Windows. Mai laila mai hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻā a hoʻopau paha i ka pā ahi, hana i nā lula no nā awa kikoʻī, holoi i nā lula, a hoʻihoʻi paha i nā waiwai paʻamau.

E wehe i kahi kauoha kauoha a i ʻole Terminal ma ke ʻano he luna hoʻomalu, e paʻi netsh advfirewall a e ʻike ʻoe i kahi hoʻonohonoho o nā kauoha i loaʻa e kāohi i ka pā ahi. Eia kekahi laʻana, i hoʻāla i ka pā ahi ma ka ʻaoʻao pilikino o kēia manawa hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana netsh advfirewall set currentprofile state on.

Inā makemake ʻoe e hoʻāla i ka awa 80 no ke kaʻa e komo mai ana mai ka laina kauoha, hiki iā ʻoe ke holo i kahi mea penei: netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name="Open Port 80" dir=in action=allow protocol=TCP localport=80E hana kēia i kahi lula komo e ʻae ana i ke kaʻa TCP ma kēlā awa.

Hiki nō hoʻi holoi i nā lula no nā polokalamu a i ʻole nā ​​awa, a i ʻole e hoʻonohonoho pololei i nā hoʻonohonoho āpau me netsh advfirewall resetHe mea pono kēia inā ua hana ʻoe i nā hoʻololi hoʻāʻo he nui a hoʻomaka ka hana ʻana o ka pā ahi ma ke ʻano paʻakikī ke hoʻomaopopo.

Inā, ma hope o ka hoʻonohonoho hou ʻana i nā hoʻonohonoho, nalowale kāu pilikia pili pūnaewele, hiki iā ʻoe ke maopopo loa Ua hana ʻia ka hāʻule ʻana e kahi lula pā ahi ma mua a ʻaʻole nui ka antivirus a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​mea ʻē aʻe o ka ʻōnaehana.

Nā pāʻani pūnaewele, antivirus, a me nā poloka pili

ʻO kahi hihia maʻamau loa kahi paʻakikī ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā mea hana hewa, ʻo ia ka pāʻani ma ka pūnaeweleAia nā ʻoki mau ʻana, nā ping spikes, ʻaʻole e hoʻopili ka pāʻani i nā kikowaena a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​pōʻino ma hope o kekahi manawa pōkole. ʻO ka maʻamau, he nui nā kumu e kōkua i kēia: firewall, antivirus, nā awa router, nā plugins pāʻani, VPN, a pēlā aku.

ʻO ka pilikia pinepine ma muli o ka ʻIke ka antivirus i ka pāʻani a i ʻole kekahi mau mea hoʻohui ma ke ʻano he hopena wahaheʻe.I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, ʻike ia i ke ʻano he mea kānalua ʻoiai inā he kūpono ia, a ālai i ke komo ʻana i ka pūnaewele a i ʻole ka mea hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia. Hiki paha ke kumu o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka pā ahi i kūkulu ʻia.

ʻO ka hoʻāʻo hana mua, ʻo ia ke hoʻopau E holo ana ka antivirus a me/a i ʻole ka pā ahi no kekahi mau minuke. (E akahele loa, e hana i kēia no ka hoʻāʻo wale nō) a hoʻomaka i ka pāʻani. Inā holo pono nā mea āpau, ʻike ʻoe aia ka pilikia ma kēlā mau mea hana palekana. ʻO ka hana aʻe, ʻo ia ka hana ʻana i kahi ʻokoʻa no ka mea hoʻokō pāʻani a, inā pono, e wehe i nā awa i hōʻike ʻia ma ka palapala a ka mea hoʻomohala.

ʻO kekahi kumu nui ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia ka mālama ʻana ua hōʻano hou ʻia nā mea āpauʻŌnaehana hana, pāʻani, antivirus, nā mea hoʻokele pūnaewele, a pēlā aku. ʻO kahi pāʻani kahiko me kahi ʻōnaehana kahiko a me kahi antivirus hou ka meaʻai kūpono no nā hakakā ʻē, nā hāʻule, a me nā hewa hoʻokūkū.

Pono nō hoʻi kākou e makaʻala i ka poʻe nā mea hoʻohui a i ʻole nā ​​​​mods o ka pāʻani, ʻoiai inā ʻaʻole lākou he kūhelu. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻāla i nā leka hoʻomaopopo ma ka antivirus a me ka pāʻani ponoʻī (no ka mea manaʻo ia e hoʻopunipuni ana ʻoe), e hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai ʻoe mai ka pāʻani a i ʻole... e pāpā ʻia kāu moʻokākiInā hoʻomaka koke ka pilikia ma hope o ke kau ʻana i kahi mod, e wehe iā ia e ʻike inā ʻo ia ke kumu.

VPN, Kikowaena Palekana a me ka ʻIke Pā Pā ahi

ʻO ka VPN Hoʻohui lākou i kahi papa ʻē aʻe o ka paʻakikī. Ke nānā ʻoe ma hope o kahi VPN (ʻoi aku ka manuahi), he mea maʻamau ka pilina e lilo i mea paʻa ʻole a no nā polokalamu antivirus a i ʻole nā ​​​​pā ahi e ʻike i kēlā kalepa he mea kānalua, e hoʻoulu ai i nā outages a i ʻole ka lohi.

Inā ʻike ʻoe e hele hewa nā mea āpau ke hoʻāla ʻia ka VPN, akā Hana maikaʻi ia ke pio ʻoe.ʻO ka hakakā paha ma ka pilina ma waena o ka VPN a me kāu suite palekana. Ma keʻano laulā, he mea kūpono ke pale aku i nā VPN manuahi no nā pāʻani a i ʻole nā ​​​​polokalamu koʻikoʻi, no nā kumu palekana a me ka hana.

Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka Kikowaena Hana / Kikowaena Palekana Windows Hilinaʻi ia iā WMI e hoʻoholo i ka antivirus a me ka firewall e hana nei. Inā ua hōʻino ʻia ka waihona WMI a i ʻole ʻaʻole hoʻomaka pono ka lawelawe WMI, hiki ke hōʻike ʻia ua pio ka Windows Firewall, a ua pio paha kāu antivirus, ʻoiai inā hōʻike ka polokalamu ponoʻī i kahi ʻē aʻe.

I kēlā mau hihia, inā ʻike ʻoe ua koi ʻo Windows ʻaʻole palekana kāu kamepiula akā, ke wehe ʻoe i ka antivirus, ua maikaʻi nā mea āpau, e nānā inā pono ʻoe hoʻoponopono i ka waihona WMI ma hope o nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a ka mea hoʻolako palekana, ma mua o ka hana ʻana i nā hoʻololi hou aʻe i ka pā ahi.

I loko o nā hui i mālama ʻia, he mea nui hoʻi e noʻonoʻo i kēlā hiki i ka hui ke kau i nā kuhikuhi Hiki paha iā lākou ke hoʻopau i ka Windows Firewall a koi iā ʻoe e hoʻohana i kekahi, a i ʻole e ālai paha lākou i kekahi mau hoʻololi āu e hoʻāʻo nei e hana. Inā ʻaʻohe hana o ke kaomi ʻana iā "Activate", hiki paha i kāu hui ke hoʻopau iā ia ma ke kikowaena.

Ke hui pū ʻia kēia mau mea a pau, ʻo ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana inā paha mai ka Windows Defender Firewall ka pilikia, kahi pā ahi ʻaoʻao ʻekolu, ka mea hoʻohele, a i ʻole ka antivirus me he mea lā he haunaele, akā, inā ʻoe e hahai i kahi kauoha kūpono (e nānā i ke kūlana maoli o ka pā ahi, e nānā i nā lula a me nā awa, e nānā i nā log a me nā lawelawe, e hoʻāʻo pōkole e hoʻopau i nā ʻāpana a e hoʻomaopopo i ka wā e nalo ai ka hewa), hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohaiki i ke kumu o ka hemahema a hoʻoponopono iā ia me ka ʻole o ka haʻalele ʻana i ka pale a kēia mau mea hana e hāʻawi ai.