ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka geometry electron a me ka molecular geometry

Hoʻolauna

Ma ke kemika, pono ke aʻo ʻana i ke ʻano o nā molekala kona mau waiwai kino a me kemika. ʻElua mau manaʻo koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka hoʻolālā ʻana he electron geometry a me molecular geometry. Ma kēia ʻatikala e wehewehe mākou i ka ʻokoʻa o kēia mau manaʻo ʻelua.

Geometry Electron

Electron geometry, ʻike ʻia hoʻi he electron geometry a i ʻole Lewis molecular geometry, pili i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā electrons a puni ka ʻātoma waena o kahi mole. Aia kēia mau electrons i nā electrons valence, ʻo ia nā mea i pili i nā paʻa kemika. Hoʻoholo ʻia ka geometry o ka electron me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻO ka manaʻo hoʻokuʻi ʻana o nā pālua electron valence (TRPEV) na Gilbert N. Lewis.

TRPEV

Ke ʻōlelo nei kēia manaʻo, ʻo nā pālua electron i loko o ka pūpū valence o kahi ʻātoma ke ʻano mamao loa mai kekahi i kekahi, ma muli o kā lākou hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻole. Wahi a kēia kumumanaʻo, ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka geometry o ka electron i loko o kahi mole e ka helu o nā pālua electron i loko o ka pūpū valence o ka ʻātoma waena. Hāʻawi ʻia kēlā me kēia ʻano hoʻonohonoho o nā hui uila i kahi inoa kikoʻī, e like me ka linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

Geometry Molekula

ʻO ka geometry molekalale e pili ana i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻekolu-dimensional o nā mana i loko o kahi mole. Pili kēia geometry i ka geometry o ka electron a ma ke alo o nā ʻātoma like ʻole a i ʻole nā ​​hui o nā mana.

nā ʻātoma like ʻole

Ke loaʻa nā ʻātoma like ʻole i loko o kahi mole, e hoʻoholo ʻia ka geometry molekala me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ka manaʻo hoʻokuʻi ʻana o ka ʻātoma waena. Hōʻike kēia manaʻo i ka hoʻohuli ʻana o nā pālua electron a me nā ʻātoma like ʻole kekahi i kekahi, e hoʻololi i ka geometry o ka electron. Hāʻawi ʻia kēlā me kēia ʻano hoʻonohonoho ʻekolu-dimensional i kahi inoa kikoʻī, e like me ka linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

Ejemplos

ʻO kahi laʻana o kahi mole i hui pū ʻia ka geometry electron a me ka molecular geometry ʻo ka mole kalapona kalapona (CO).2), he kalapona kona ʻātoma waena, nona ka ʻaoʻao trigonal planar. ʻO nā molekala ʻē aʻe i loaʻa nā molekala like ʻole a me nā geometries electron he wai (H2O) a me ka amonia (NH3).

Nā hopena

ʻOiai pili loa ka geometry electron a me ka molecular geometry, aia kekahi mau ʻano ʻokoʻa. Ma ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o kēia mau geometries ʻelua, hiki i kekahi ke hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi i nā waiwai kino a me nā waiwai kemika o nā mole.

Referencias

• Kemika Nui: Nā Kumu a me nā Hoʻohana Hou. Petrucci, Ralph H.; Harwood, William S.; Herring, F. Geoffrey. (2002). Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle River, NJ.
• Kemika, 9/e – Chang, R. (2006).