ka pūnaewele pūnaewele Ua lilo lākou i lole e hoʻopili i ko mākou ola kikohoʻe. ʻO kēia mau pūnaewele pili o nā lolo uila a me nā mea hana e hiki ai ke hoʻololi i ka ʻikepili, hoʻololi i ke ʻano o kā mākou kamaʻilio ʻana, hana a loaʻa ka ʻike. Akā he aha ke ʻano o nā pūnaewele kamepiula a pehea e hana ai lākou?
ʻO ka mea nui, ʻo ka ʻupena kamepiula he pūʻulu o nā ʻōnaehana kamepiula i hoʻopili ʻia kekahi i kekahi ma o ke ʻano o nā mea uea a i ʻole ke kelepona. Hāʻawi kēia mau ʻōnaehana i ka ʻike ma ke ʻano o hōʻike ʻikepili, hoʻouna ʻia ma o nā manaʻo uila, nā hawewe electromagnetic a i ʻole nā mea kino ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa loa ka loiloi ma hope o kēia hoʻololi ʻana mai nā kaʻina kamaʻilio ʻike ʻē aʻe: aia a mea hoʻopuka, un ka loaʻa, un palapala a me kahi ala e hoʻouna aku ai, me ke ʻano o nā code a i ʻole nā protocol e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i kona ʻike.
Nā pōmaikaʻi o nā pūnaewele kamepiula
Hāʻawi nā pūnaewele kamepiula i nā pono he nui ma nā wahi like ʻole. Ma ka loaʻa ʻana o nā kamepiula pūnaewele, hiki ke:
- E hana i ke kamaʻilio kūloko kūpono
- Kaʻana like i kahi wahi komo i Internet
- E mālama i nā peripheral like nā mea paʻi y mīkini ʻimi waena
- E hoʻouna koke i nā ʻikepili a me nā faila me ka ʻole o ka pono o nā mea mālama lua
Loaʻa kēia mau mea ma muli o nā kūlana kamaʻilio e like me TCP / IP, ka mea e ʻae i nā kamepiula ʻokoʻa e "ʻōlelo" i ka ʻōlelo like.
Nā ʻano o nā pūnaewele kamepiula
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā pūnaewele kamepiula e like me ko lākou nui a me ka laulā:
- Nā pūnaewele LAN (Local Area Network): He mau pūnaewele liʻiliʻi kēia, e like me nā mea e noho nei ma ka home a i ʻole ke keʻena liʻiliʻi.
- Pūnaewele MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): Uhi lākou i kahi ākea ākea, e like me ke kula nui a i ʻole kahi hui nui.
- Nā pūnaewele Wan (Wide Area Network): ʻO kēia nā pūnaewele nui loa, e like me ka Pūnaewele, e hoʻopili i nā kamepiula ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.
Eia hou, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā pūnaewele e like me ka ʻenehana pili i hoʻohana ʻia:
- Nā pūnaewele media i alakaʻi ʻia: Hoʻohana lākou i nā uwea, e like me ka hui wili, uwea coaxial a i ʻole fiber optics, e hoʻohui i nā kamepiula.
- Pūnaewele pāpaho alakaʻi ʻole ʻia: Hoʻohana lākou i nā ala ʻole, e like me nā nalu radio, infrared a i ʻole microwaves, e hoʻokumu i ke kamaʻilio.
Nā mea nui o kahi pūnaewele kamepiula
No ka hana pono ʻana o kahi pūnaewele kamepiula, pono kekahi mau mea nui:
| Element | Hōʻike |
|---|---|
| Kākoʻo | ʻO nā kamepiula e hoʻoponopono i ke kahe o ka ʻikepili a hoʻonohonoho i ka mana o ka pūnaewele. |
| Nā mea kūʻai aku a i ʻole nā hale hana | ʻO nā kamepiula i ʻāpana o ka pūnaewele a hiki i nā mea hoʻohana ke komo i nā kumuwaiwai i mālama ʻia e ke kikowaena. |
| media hoʻouna | ʻO nā uwea a i ʻole nā nalu electromagnetic e ʻae i ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka ʻike. |
| Nā mea pono lako paʻa | ʻO nā ʻāpana kino e like me nā kāleka pūnaewele, nā modem, nā alahele a me nā antenna repeater e hoʻomau i ka pilina. |
| Nā ʻōnaehana polokalamu | Nā papahana e like me ka Pūnaehana Hana Pūnaewele (NOS) a me nā protocol kamaʻilio e ʻae i ka hana a me ka palekana o ka pūnaewele. |
Nā Topologies Pūnaewele: Nā Model Hoʻohui
ʻO ka topology pūnaewele e pili ana i ke kumu hoʻohālikelike e like me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā pilina ma waena o nā mea kūʻai aku a me nā kikowaena. ʻEkolu mau hiʻohiʻona nui:
- Topology laina a pahi: Aia ke kikowaena ma ke poʻo o ka pūnaewele a ua māhele ʻia nā mea kūʻai aku ma kahi laina, e kaʻana like ana i kahi ala kamaʻilio hoʻokahi i kapa ʻia he kaʻa a i ʻole ka iwi kuamoʻo.
- topology hōkū: Aia ke kikowaena ma waenakonu o ka pūnaewele a loaʻa i kēlā me kēia mea kūʻai kahi pilina kūʻokoʻa. ʻO nā kamaʻilio āpau ma waena o nā mīkini e hele mua ma o ke kikowaena.
- Topology apo a puni: Hoʻopili ʻia nā mīkini a pau i ka pōʻai, e pili ana me nā mea kokoke loa a ma nā huaʻōlelo like, ʻoiai ke mālama nei ke kikowaena i kāna hierarchy.
I loko o kahi kaiapuni e pili ana, pono ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka hana a me ke koʻikoʻi o nā pūnaewele kamepiula. ʻAʻole maʻalahi kēia mau hale kikohoʻe i ka kamaʻilio a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka ʻike, akā ke kau nei i ke kumu no nā hana ʻenehana e hoʻololi i ke ʻano o ko mākou noho ʻana a me kā mākou hana. Ke neʻe nei mākou i ka wā e hiki mai ana, e hoʻomau ka ʻoihana kamepiula i kahi hana koʻikoʻi i ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi honua pili a maikaʻi.
Inā makemake ʻoe e ʻimi hohonu i ke kahua hoihoi o nā ʻoihana kamepiula, paipai mākou e ʻimi i kēia mau kumuwaiwai:
ʻO ke aʻo mau ʻana a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā ʻenehana hou ke kī i ka noho ʻana ma ke poʻo o kēia kahua hoihoi.
ʻO wau ʻo Sebastián Vidal, he ʻenekinia kamepiula makemake nui i ka ʻenehana a me DIY. Eia kekahi, ʻo wau ka mea nāna i hana tecnobits.com, kahi aʻu e kaʻana like ai i nā kumu aʻo e hoʻomaʻamaʻa a hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka ʻenehana i nā mea a pau.