He aha ka neutron?
ʻO ka neutron kahi ʻāpana subatomic i loaʻa i loko o ka nucleus o kahi ʻātoma. Me nā protons, ʻo ia ka ka hapa nui o ka nuipa o ka atomic nucleus. ʻO kāna ʻike ʻana he kī nui i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke ʻano a me nā waiwai o nā ʻātoma, a me nā kaʻina hana nuklea i hana ʻia i loko o nā hōkū a me nā hopena nuklea i hoʻomalu ʻia i nā reactors nuclear fission.
Nā waiwai o ka neutron:
Loaʻa i ka neutron ka hoʻoili uila kū ʻole, ʻo ia hoʻi ke ʻano ʻAʻohe ona uku maikaʻi a ʻino ʻole. Ua ʻoi aku ka nui o kona nui ma mua o ka proton a ua haku ʻia ʻekolu quark: ʻelua quark lalo a hoʻokahi quark up. ʻAʻole like me nā electrons, aia i loko o kahi orbit a puni ka nucleus, ua paʻa nā neutrons a me nā protons i loko o ka nucleus ma muli o nā mana nuklea.
neutron pilina:
ʻO kekahi o nā mea hoihoi loa o ka neutron, ʻo ia ka hiki ke launa pū me nā ʻāpana subatomika ʻē aʻe. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia lākou mai ka nucleus i kekahi mau kaʻina nuklea, e like me ka fission a i ʻole ka hopu neutron.
Nā hoʻohana o ka neutron:
He mea waiwai nui ka neutron i ka noiʻi ʻepekema a me ka ʻenehana. Mahalo i ko lākou hiki ke komo i ka mea a me kā lākou pilina me nā nuclei atomic, hoʻohana ʻia nā neutrons ma nā wahi like ʻole, e like me ka physics particle, ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ka ikehu nuklea a me ka archaeology i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea hou, nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā ʻenehana diagnostic olakino.
I ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo, ʻo ka neutron he ʻāpana subatomic kūʻokoʻa e pāʻani ana i kahi kuleana koʻikoʻi i ka hana a me nā waiwai o nā mana. ʻO kāna ʻike ua ʻae iā mākou e hoʻonui i ka ʻike o ka physics nuklea a ua alakaʻi i ka ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā noi he nui ma nā ʻano ʻepekema a me ka ʻenehana.
– Ka wehewehe a me ke ʻano o ka neutron
ʻO ka neutron kekahi o nā ʻāpana subatomic i hana i ka nucleus o kahi ʻātoma. ʻAʻole like me nā protons a me nā electrons, ʻaʻohe uku uila nā neutrons, e hoʻolilo iā lākou i mau ʻāpana kū ʻole. ʻO kona noho ʻana i loko o nā ʻātoma e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ka paʻa o ka nucleus, ʻoiai ʻo kona ikaika nuklea e hoʻokaʻawale i nā kumu kūpono o nā protons. ʻO kēia hiʻohiʻona kūʻokoʻa o ka neutron he mea nui ia i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kona koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻolālā atomika a me kona mana i nā pilina nuklea.
ʻO ka neutron he ʻekolu mau quark, ʻelua i lalo a hoʻokahi i luna, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e nā pūʻali nuklea ikaika hōʻike ʻia e ka hōʻailona n. ʻOiai ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka uku uila, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā neutrons ma mua o 1839 ma mua o nā electrons, e hāʻawi nui ana i ka nui o kahi atom. He mea nui ka ʻike i ke ʻano o loko o ka neutron no ke aʻo ʻana i ka physics nuklea a me ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā mea e like me ka fission a me ka hui nuklea.
ʻO nā neutrons nā mea hana nui o ka ikehu. Ma o nā hopena nuklea, e like me ka fission a me ka hui ʻana, hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka nui nui o ka ikehu. Eia hou, he mea nui nā neutrons no ka hoʻomaopopo i ka radioactivity a me kona hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano hana like ʻole, e like me ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka hana uila uila. He mea nui ka hoʻoponopono ʻia ʻana o nā neutrons i ka ʻenekinia nuklea a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻenehana e hoʻohana ana i nā reactor nuklea.
- Nā waiwai a me nā hiʻohiʻona kumu o ka neutron
ʻO nā neutrons nā ʻāpana subatomic i loaʻa i loko o ka nucleus o kahi atom me nā protons. He kūʻokoʻa lākou, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻohe o lākou uku. ʻO kēia hiʻohiʻona ʻokoʻa e hiki ai i nā neutrons ke launa pū me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe me ka ʻole o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻia ʻana a i ʻole e huki ʻia e nā mana uila.
Ua like ka nuipa o na neutrons me ka protons, a hui pu lakou i ka huina nui o ka atom. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole like me nā protons, nele nā neutrons i kahi uku uila. ʻO kēia nele o ka uku uila e hiki ai iā lākou ke launa pū me nā neutrons a me nā protons ma o nā pūʻali nuklea ikaika, ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma mua o nā mana uila.
Hoʻohui hou, pāʻani nā neutrons he kuleana koʻikoʻi i ka paʻa o ka nucleus atomic. Hiki i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā neutrons hou i loko o ka nucleus ke kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i ke kaulike ma waena o nā mana uila o ka repulsion ma waena o nā protons. Pono kēia kūpaʻa no ka pono o nā ʻātoma a hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā paʻa kemika ma waena o nā mea like ʻole.
– Nā pilina o ka neutron i loko o ka nucleus atomic
ʻO ka neutron kahi ʻāpana subatomic i loaʻa i loko o ka nucleus o nā mana, me nā protons. Me ka loaʻa ʻole o ka uku uila, ua like ka nui o ka neutron me ka proton a he kuleana koʻikoʻi i ka paʻa ʻana o ka nucleus atom. ʻO ka neutron kekahi o nā mea nui o ka mea a he mea nui kona pilina me ka nucleus atomic e hoʻomaopopo i nā waiwai a me nā ʻano. o ka mea laulaha.
ʻO ka launa pū ʻana o Neutron i loko o ka atomic nucleus kekahi o nā wahi i aʻo nui ʻia i ka physics nuklea. Ke hui ka neutron me ka nucleus atom, hiki i kekahi mau mea ke hiki:
- Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia e ka nucleus, e hoʻonui ai i ka nui o ka nucleus a hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka radiation gamma.
- Hiki ke hopu ʻia e ka nucleus, e alakaʻi ana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o nā ʻāpana e like me nā protons a i ʻole alpha.
- Hiki iā ia ke lele a hoʻopuehu ma muli o ka pilina uila a me ka nuklea me nā protons a me neutrons i loko o ka nucleus.
He mea koʻikoʻi kēia mau pilina no ka nucleosynthesis a me ka fission nuklea. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻike o ka pilina neutron i loko o ka atomic nucleus e hoʻomohala i nā noi ma nā ʻano like ʻole, e like me ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ka ikehu nuklea a me ka noiʻi ʻepekema. Hiki i nā neutron absorption a me ka hopu ʻana ke loaʻa i nā hopena koʻikoʻi i ke kūpaʻa nuklea a me ka hana mana, e like me ke ʻano o nā reactor nuklea. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kēia mau pilina e hiki ai iā mākou ke holomua i ka ʻike a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu nuklea me ka palekana a me ka maikaʻi.
- Ke koʻikoʻi o ka neutron i ka physics nuklea a me ka ikehu nuklea
El neutron ʻO ia ka he ʻāpana subatomic i ʻāpana o ka nucleus o nā mana, me nā protons. A ʻaʻole like me nā protons, nā neutrons ʻAʻohe o lākou uku uila, ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻokaʻawale ai lākou i ka uila. ʻO ia ke ʻano, ʻaʻole lākou e launa pū me nā uku uila i loko o ka atom, e like me nā electrons. Eia nō naʻe, he kuleana koʻikoʻi nā neutrons i ka physics nuklea a me ka ikehu nuklea.
La physics nukelea ʻO ia ka lālā o ka physics nāna e aʻo i nā pono a me ka hana o ka nuclei atomika. Pono nā Neutrons ma kēia kahua, no ka mea, ʻo ko lākou hele ʻana e hoʻoholo i ka paʻa o ka nucleus. Inā nui loa nā protons a i ʻole nā neutrons e pili ana i ka helu o nā protons, hiki ke lilo i mea paʻa ʻole a loaʻa i ka palaho radioactive. No laila, he mea koʻikoʻi ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke koʻikoʻi o ka neutron i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke ʻano a me nā waiwai o atomic nuclei.
Ma waho aʻe o kā lākou kuleana i ka physics nuklea, he kumu nui nā neutrons energía nuclear. I loko o nā mea kanu nuklea, hoʻohana ʻia nā neutrons e hoʻomaka a mālama i nā hopena kaulahao nuklea e hoʻoulu ai i ka ikehu. Hana ʻia kēia mau hopena i ka wā e hui ai nā neutrons me ka nuclei o nā mana, e hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka nui o ka ikehu. ʻO ka hoʻomalu a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā neutrons nā mea nui i ka hoʻolālā a me ka hana ʻana o nā reactor nuklea, e hōʻike ana i ke koʻikoʻi o ka neutron ma ke kahua o ka ikehu nuklea.
- Ka hana ʻana a me ka ʻike ʻana o Neutron i ka noiʻi ʻepekema
ʻO ka nā neutron He mau ʻāpana subatomic lākou i loaʻa i loko o ka nuclei o nā mana me nā protons. ʻAʻole like me nā protons, ʻaʻohe uku uila nā neutrons, e hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou i ka uila. ʻO ke ʻano kēia, ʻaʻole i hoʻopilikia ʻia lākou e nā māla uila a me nā māla magnetic, e ʻae iā lākou e komo i loko o ke kumu o nā ʻātoma me ka ʻole e hoʻihoʻi ʻia a huki ʻia e nā mana uila. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā neutrons nā ʻāpana i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā electrons, akā liʻiliʻi ka nui ma mua o nā protons.
ʻO ka neutron generation and detection he kuleana koʻikoʻi ma ka noiʻi ʻepekema. Hoʻohana ka poʻe ʻepekema i nā ʻano hana like ʻole e hana ai i nā neutrons, e like me ka nukle fission, nuclear fusion, a me ka particle accelerators. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau neutrons i nā ʻano hoʻokolohua ʻepekema a me nā haʻawina. Aia kekahi mau noi i ka noiʻi ʻana i ka physics particle, ka lāʻau nuklea, a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻole i ka ʻoihana.
No ka ʻike neutron, hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hana like ʻole a me nā ʻenehana. Hoʻolālā ʻia nā mea ʻike neutron e hopu i nā neutrons a hoʻomaka i kahi hopena nuklea hiki ke ʻike a hoʻopaʻa ʻia. ʻO kekahi o nā mea ʻike maʻamau, ʻo ia nā mea ʻike scintillation, nā mea ʻike proportionality, a me nā mea ʻike pili kino. Hāʻawi kēia mau ʻenehana i nā ʻepekema e ana i ka helu o nā neutron i hana ʻia i loko o kahi hoʻokolohua a loaʻa ka ʻike waiwai e pili ana i nā waiwai a me nā ʻano o kēia mau ʻāpana.
- Nā noi o ka neutron i ʻokoʻa ʻepekema a me nā kula ʻenehana
ʻO ka neutron kahi ʻāpana subatomic me ka ʻole o ka uila a me ka nui like me ka proton. Aia kona koʻikoʻi i kona hiki ke launa pū me nā mea ma nā ʻano like ʻole, i hiki ai ke hoʻohana i nā ʻano ʻepekema a me nā ʻenehana like ʻole. ʻO kekahi o nā noi kaulana loa o ka neutron ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana neutron diffraction, kahi e hiki ai ke aʻo ʻana i ke ʻano o nā mea ma ka pae ʻātoma.
He mea hana ikaika ka neutron diffraction no ka noiʻi ʻana i ke ʻano o nā kristal, nanoparticles, a me nā mea paʻakikī ʻē aʻe. Mahalo i ka launa pū ʻana o neutrons me atomic nuclei, hiki ke hoʻoholo i ke kūlana pili o nā atoms a me ka māhele ʻana o nā electrons i loko o kahi mea, e hāʻawi ana i ka ʻike waiwai no ka hoʻolālā o nā mea hou a me ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke kemika a me ke kino. phenomena. He mea koʻikoʻi kēia ʻenehana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā mea superconducting a me ke aʻo ʻana i nā phenomena magnetic.
ʻO kekahi noi kūpono o ka neutron ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka noiʻi ʻana i nā hopena nuklea a me ka physics particle. ʻO nā kukuna neutron i hoʻolalelale ʻia i loko o nā reactors nuklea a i ʻole nā mea hoʻokele particle e hiki iā mākou ke aʻo i ka pilina o nā neutrons me ka nuclei atomic a e ʻimi i nā palena o ka physics kumu. Ua kōkua kēia ʻimi noiʻi i ka holomua ʻana i ka ʻike o nā pūʻali nuklea a me ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke kumu o ke ao holoʻokoʻa a me kona ulu ʻana. Eia kekahi, hoʻohana pū ʻia nā neutrons i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka radiotherapy, e mālama i nā maʻi maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai, a i ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea nuklea kīnā ʻole ma nā wahi hoʻopaʻa palekana.
I ka ʻoihana, hoʻohana ʻia nā neutrons i nā ʻenehana loiloi non-destructive e loiloi i ka pono o nā mea a me nā hale. ʻO ka ʻenehana radiograph neutron hiki ke loaʻa nā kiʻi kikoʻī o loko o nā mea a me ka ʻike ʻana i nā hemahema a i ʻole nā mea kūpono ʻole me ka ʻole o ka pōʻino. Ua loaʻa kēia i ka noi ma ka ʻoihana aerospace, ka aila a me ke kinoea, a me ka archeology a me nā haʻawina moʻomeheu, kahi i ʻae ai ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā neutrons i ka ʻike a me ka mālama ʻana i nā waiwai o ka mōʻaukala a me ka hoʻoilina. I ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, ʻo ka neutron kahi mea nui i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻepekema a me ka ʻenehana ma nā ʻano like ʻole, e kōkua ana i ka holomua o ke kaiāulu ma nā ʻano he nui.
- Neutrons a me kā lākou kuleana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau
he neutron He ʻāpana subatomic i loaʻa i loko o ka nucleus o kahi atom me nā protons. ʻAʻole like me nā protons, ʻaʻohe uku uila nā neutrons, no laila ʻo kā lākou kuleana i nā ʻātoma ke hāʻawi i ka paʻa a me ke kaulike. Hoʻopili nā Neutrons me nā protons ma o ka ikaika nuklea ikaika, e hiki ai iā lākou ke noho pū i loko o ka atomic nucleus.
Ma ke kahua o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, neutrons pāʻani i ke kuleana nui i lāʻau maʻi maʻi. Hiki i nā Neutrons ke launa pū me nā nuclei o nā mana me ka maikaʻi, 'o ia ho'i, hiki iā lākou ke ho'opō'ino i nā ma'i ma'i 'a'ai ma kahi pahu hopu. Ma o ke kaʻina hana i kapa ʻia ka hopu neutron, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻātoma boron e hāʻawi i ka radiation i loko o nā pūnaʻi maʻi kanesa, e luku pono iā lākou a e hōʻemi i ka pōʻino i nā ʻiʻo olakino kokoke.
ʻO kekahi noi nui o nā neutrons i ka lāʻau lapaʻau kiʻi hoʻopaneʻe magnetic (MRI). Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā Neutrons e hana i nā kiʻi hoʻonā kiʻekiʻe o nā ʻiʻo o ke kino, e ʻae i nā kauka e ʻike a ʻike i nā maʻi e like me ke kanesa. ʻO ka hiki o nā neutrons ke komo i nā mea ʻeleʻele, e like me ka iwi, hana ʻo MRI i mea waiwai nui i ka ʻike mua ʻana a me ka nānā ʻana i ka piʻi ʻana o nā maʻi like ʻole.
ʻO wau ʻo Sebastián Vidal, he ʻenekinia kamepiula makemake nui i ka ʻenehana a me DIY. Eia kekahi, ʻo wau ka mea nāna i hana tecnobits.com, kahi aʻu e kaʻana like ai i nā kumu aʻo e hoʻomaʻamaʻa a hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka ʻenehana i nā mea a pau.