Ua ālai ʻo Windows i ke komo kūloko no ka mea ua manaʻo ʻo ia he pūnaewele lehulehu: alakaʻi piha

Inā ua ʻike ʻoe i kēlā Hōʻailona ʻo Windows i kāu pūnaewele home ma ke ʻano he "lehulehu" a ālai i ke komo kūloko (i kāu NAS, nā mīkini paʻi, a i ʻole kekahi PC ʻē aʻe), ʻaʻole ʻoe hoʻokahi. He pilikia maʻamau ia: e pau koke kou ʻike ʻana i nā polokalamu ma ka LAN, e pau ana ka hana o kekahi mau polokalamu, a hoʻomaka paha ka pā ahi e nīnau i nā nīnau ʻē e pili ana i nā pūnaewele lehulehu a pilikino.

Ma kēia ʻatikala e ʻike ʻoe i kahi wehewehe maopopo o He aha ka manaʻo o nā pūnaewele lehulehu a me nā pūnaewele pilikino ma Windows, a pehea ka hopena o ka Windows Defender Firewall iā lākou?No ke aha e hoʻololi ai ka ʻōnaehana i ke ʻano pūnaewele ma kāna iho i kekahi manawa? He aha nā pōʻino o ka ʻike ʻia (a i ʻole) ma ka LAN? A pehea e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻoponopono i nā mea āpau e mālama i kāu kamepiula me ka ʻole o ka nalowale ʻana o ka hana? E hāʻawi mākou iā ʻoe i kahi alakaʻi piha no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka pilikia o... Hoʻopaʻa ʻo Windows i ke komo kūloko, me ka manaʻo he pūnaewele lehulehu ia.

He aha ke ʻano o kahi pūnaewele pilikino a me kahi pūnaewele lehulehu ma Windows?

Ma Windows, loaʻa i kēlā me kēia pilina pūnaewele (Ethernet a i ʻole WiFi) kahi ʻikepili pūnaewele: pilikino a lehulehu pahaʻAʻole hilinaʻi kēia lepili i ka lehulehu a pilikino paha kāu IP ma ka ʻōlelo pūnaewele, akā, ma ka pae o ka hilinaʻi āu e hōʻike ai i ka ʻōnaehana e pili ana i kēlā pūnaewele kikoʻī.

A He pūnaewele maʻamau ka pūnaewele pilikino no ka home a i ʻole ke keʻena liʻiliʻiʻO kēia kahi āu e kaohi ai i ke alalai a me nā mea i hoʻopili ʻia (nā kamepiula, nā kelepona paʻalima, nā TV Smart, nā mea NAS, nā mīkini paʻi, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe). Ua manaʻo ʻia ma ʻaneʻi ua hilinaʻi ʻoe i nā mea ma ka pūnaewele, no laila e ʻae ʻo Windows i kāu PC e ʻike ʻia a hiki iā ʻoe ke kaʻana like i nā faila, nā mīkini paʻi, a i ʻole nā ​​​​lawelawe.

La ʻO kahi pūnaewele lehulehu kekahi pūnaewele kahi ʻaʻole ʻoe e kaohi i ka mea nāna e hoʻopili.Ke kahua mokulele, hale ʻaina, hōkele, hale waihona puke, Wi-Fi kulanui... a i ʻole kahi pūnaewele ʻoihana kahi ʻaʻole ʻoe e hoʻokele i ka palekana. I kēia hihia, "pani" ʻo Windows i nā mea hou aku: hoʻopau ia i ka ʻike ʻana i ka pūnaewele, ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā faila a me ka mīkini paʻi ma ka paʻamau, a hoʻolilo iā ʻoe i mea ʻike ʻole ʻia e nā kamepiula ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ke kī, ʻo ia Hoʻopilikia wale ka ʻikepili pūnaewele i ke ʻano i loko o ka LANE like nō kāu komo ʻana i ka pūnaewele, akā e loli nā mea e ʻike ai a hana ai paha nā mea ʻē aʻe me kāu kamepiula.

Eia kekahi, hoʻokaʻawale ʻo Windows i kahi ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia hoʻi "Pūnaewele kikowaena"Ua hoʻolālā ʻia no nā wahi ʻoihana kahi e hoʻokō ai kahi mea hoʻokele kikowaena (Active Directory) i nā kulekele kikowaena. ʻAʻole ʻoe e ʻike pinepine iā ia ma ka home.

ʻO ka IP pilikino, ka IP lehulehu, a me ka haunaele me ke kūlana pūnaewele

Manaʻo ka poʻe he nui inā loaʻa i kā lākou PC kahi helu IP o ke ʻano 192.168.xx a i ʻole 10.0.xx No laila, pilikino ka pūnaewele, a inā he helu wahi IP "lehulehu" kona e like me 8.8.8.8, a laila e lehulehu ia. Akā, ʻaʻole pēlā ka hana ma Windows: ʻaʻole hoʻoholo ka ʻōnaehana i ke ʻano pūnaewele ma muli o ka laulā IP, akā, ma ka hoʻonohonoho ponoʻī o ka ʻōnaehana a, i kekahi mau hihia, ma nā kulekele pūnaewele.

Eia kekahi laʻana, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i kāu kamepiula me Ua hoʻopili ʻia ka IP Static 192.168.1.105 ma o Ethernet i kāu router homeAkā naʻe, ma ka "Network and Sharing Center," hōʻike ʻo Windows i kēlā pilina ma ke ʻano he "Public Network." I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, aia ʻoe ma ka home, akā manaʻo ʻo Windows aia ʻoe i waenakonu o kahi hale kūʻai kope.

Ke hana ʻia kēlā, ʻo ka ʻikepili o Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā "Pūnaewele Pilikino" me he mea lā ʻaʻole hanaʻOiai ke ʻike ʻia nei nā "Public Networks". Hopena: ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kāu NAS, ʻaʻole hiki i nā polokalamu ʻē aʻe ke ʻike iā ʻoe, ua oki ka hana ʻana o kekahi mau polokalamu e pono ai nā pilina e komo mai ana, a ʻoi aku ka paʻa o ka hana ʻana o ka pā ahi.

Hiki i ka mea ʻē aʻe ke hana ʻia: ʻo Windows E hōʻailona i nā pūnaewele hou a pau he lehulehu ma ka paʻamau. e pāʻani palekana a pono e hoʻololi iā ia me ka lima ke ʻike ʻoe aia ʻoe i loko o kahi pūnaewele hilinaʻi (no ka laʻana, kou home).

Pehea e hana ai ʻo Windows Defender Firewall me nā pūnaewele lehulehu a pilikino

ʻO Windows Defender Firewall ke kuleana no kānana i ke kaʻa pūnaewele e komo mai ana a me ka puka ʻana aku mai kāu kamepiula. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻae a ālai paha i nā pilina ma muli o ka helu wahi IP kumu/hopena, awa, protocol, a i ʻole ka polokalamu e hana ana i kēlā kalepa.

Mai ka polokalamu Windows Security (ka "pale" o ka ʻōnaehana) hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike ma ka ʻāpana "Pale ahi a me ka palekana pūnaewele" ʻO ke kūlana pā ahi no kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao: pūnaewele kikowaena, pūnaewele pilikino, a me ka pūnaewele lehulehu. ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻokahi wale nō o kēia mau ʻaoʻao e hana i ka manawa hoʻokahi, ʻo ia ka mea e pili ana i ka pūnaewele āu e pili nei.

Ma kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao pilikino hiki iā ʻoe hoʻā a hoʻopau paha i ka pā ahiʻAʻole maikaʻi ka hoʻokaʻawale loa ʻana iā ia, no ka mea, waiho ia i ka puka e hāmama ana i nā pilina i ʻae ʻole ʻia. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana ʻana i nā lula kikoʻī no nā polokalamu e pono ai ke komo a, inā pono, e holo i ka hoʻokele me nā ʻae a ka luna hoʻomalu.

Aia kekahi koho i kapa ʻia "E ālai i nā pilina e komo mai ana, me nā mea mai ka papa inoa noi i ʻae ʻia"Inā ʻoe e hoʻā i kēia koho, e hoʻowahāwahā ka pā ahi i nā polokalamu āu i ʻae mua ai a ālai i nā mea āpau. Hoʻonui kēia i ka palekana, akā hiki iā ia ke uhaki i ka hapalua o kāu ʻōnaehana inā ʻoe e hoʻohana i nā polokalamu e pono ai ke hoʻolohe i nā pilina (nā kikowaena pūnaewele kūloko, nā waihona ʻikepili, nā pāʻani, a pēlā aku).

Ke hoʻāʻo kahi polokalamu hou e kamaʻilio a ʻaʻohe lula mua o Windows, e ʻike ʻia ka puka makani maʻamau e noi ana i ka ʻae e ʻae i ke komo ʻana. Ma laila hiki iā ʻoe ke koho inā makemake ʻoe e ʻae. e ʻae iā ia ma nā pūnaewele pilikino, ma nā pūnaewele lehulehu, a i ʻole ma nā mea ʻelua.ʻO ka mea kūpono, ʻo ia ka hilinaʻi nui aku i nā ʻoihana pilikino a ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi me nā ʻoihana aupuni.

No ke aha i hōʻailona ai ʻo Windows i kāu pūnaewele home ma ke ʻano he lehulehu i kekahi manawa?

Aia kekahi mau manawa i ka wā e hoʻohana ai ʻo Windows 10 a i ʻole 11 "Hoʻoholo" lākou iho he lehulehu kāu pūnaewele ʻOiai inā ua hoʻonohonoho ʻoe iā ia ma ke ʻano pilikino. Hiki ke hana ʻia kēia ma hope o kahi hoʻonui nui, ma hope o nā hoʻololi i ka router, a i ʻole me he mea lā ma ke ʻano maʻamau.

ʻO kahi hōʻailona i ʻike nui ʻia ke pau ka ʻike ʻana o kāu PC i kāu NAS a i ʻole kāu mau polokalamu pūnaeweleUa ʻike kekahi poʻe hoʻohana, no ka laʻana, ma hope o ka hoʻokomo ʻana iā Windows 11, ʻaʻole i ʻike kā lākou kamepiula i ka NAS. Ua hoʻoponopono lākou iā ia ma ka hahai ʻana i kahi kumu aʻo (ke hoʻololi nei i nā lawelawe a me nā protocols kahiko), akā ua ʻike ma hope ʻo ke ala paʻa loa e hoʻohana i nā palapala hōʻoia pūnaewele kūpono a mālama i ka pūnaewele i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma ke ʻano he pilikino.

ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona maʻamau: ma kahi kamepiula me Windows 10, i hoʻopili ʻia e ke kaula i kahi alahele home, E nalowale ana ka pilina i kēlā me kēia manawa. a ua ʻike ʻia ka leka "Invalid IP". I ka nānā ʻana i ka hoʻonohonoho IP ma ke kauoha kauoha, ua hōʻike ke kamepiula i kahi helu wahi o ke ʻano 169.254.xx me ka pale maka 255.255.0.0No APIPA kēia mau IP (nā helu wahi hoʻonohonoho ponoʻī aunoa), e hōʻike ana ʻaʻole hiki i ka PC ke kamaʻilio me ke kikowaena DHCP o ka mea hoʻopili.

Ke hana ʻia kēia, loaʻa i ka hāmeʻa kahi helu IP ma waho o ka laulā o ke alalai (no ka laʻana, hāʻawi ka alalai i ka 192.168.1.x) a, ʻoiaʻiʻo hoʻi, ʻAʻohe pilina maoliMa kekahi o kēia mau hanana, hoʻololi pū ʻo Windows i ke ʻano pūnaewele: mai pilikino a i ka lehulehu a i ʻole ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, kahi e hoʻopilikia hou aku ai i ke kūlana a hōʻike i kahi hewa ʻōnaehana.

Ua ʻike ʻia hoʻi ma kekahi mau kamepiula Windows 10, ma hope o kekahi manawa o ka hoʻohana ʻole ʻana me ka pilikia ʻole, Hōʻailona hou ka ʻōnaehana i ka pūnaewele he lehulehu me ka ʻole o ka hoʻopā ʻana o ka mea hoʻohana i kekahi mea.Mai ia manawa mai, ua haki ka ʻike ʻana o nā PC ʻē aʻe, nalowale nā ​​​​kumuwaiwai i kaʻana like ʻia, a i ʻole e ʻike ʻia nā ʻōlelo aʻo "Public Network" i nā hoʻonohonoho.

Pehea e hoʻololi ai i ke ʻano o ka pūnaewele ma Windows 10 a me Windows 11

Inā ʻike ʻoe ua palekana kāu pūnaewele (no ka laʻana, kou home) a ke mālama nei ʻo Windows iā ia ma ke ʻano he lehulehu, hiki iā ʻoe E hoʻololi i ka ʻaoʻao pilikino mai nā hoʻonohonoho me ka wikiwiki loa.

Ma ka Windows 10, e hele i ka Nā hoʻonohonoho > Pūnaewele & Pūnaewele > KūlanaE ʻike ʻoe i kāu pilina o kēia manawa (WiFi a i ʻole Ethernet). Kaomi ma luna o "Properties". Ma loko o kēlā pale e ʻike ʻoe i ka ʻāpana "ʻIkepili pūnaewele"kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke koho ma waena o ka Lehulehu a me ka Pilikino. ʻO ka Brand Pilikino inā ʻoe ma kahi pūnaewele hilinaʻi.

Ma ka Windows 11 ua like loa ke kaʻina hana: mai nā Settings, e hele i Pūnaewele a me ka PūnaeweleE koho i kāu pilina hana a e nānā pū i ka ʻaoʻao pūnaewele. Ma ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka pilikino, e ʻike ʻia kāu PC ma ka LAN a e hoʻā ʻia nā koho e like me ka ʻike ʻana a me ka kaʻana like ʻana o ka pūnaewele (inā ua hoʻā ʻia lākou).

E hoʻomanaʻo ʻoe e pili wale ana ka ʻaoʻao pilikino i kēlā pilina kikoʻī. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokaʻawale i kāu pūnaewele home a me ka WiFi o ka pā i ka lehulehu.A e hoʻomanaʻo ʻo Windows i kēlā me kēia koho i ka manawa aʻe e hoʻopili ai ʻoe i kēlā me kēia.

Nā koho kaʻana like holomua ma ka Papa Mana

Ma waho aʻe o ka ʻaoʻao lehulehu/pilikino, hiki iā Windows ke hoʻomaikaʻi hou aku i ke ʻano o ka pūnaewele mai ka mea maʻamau Papa Manaʻo ia ke wahi i hūnā ʻia ai nā koho holomua he nui.

E hele i Papa Mana > Pūnaewele a me ka Pūnaewele > Kikowaena Pūnaewele a me ke Kaʻana like > Nā Hoʻonohonoho Kaʻana like KiʻekiʻeMaanei hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻāla a hoʻopau paha i ka ka ʻike ʻana i ka pūnaewele a me ka kaʻana like ʻana i nā faila a me ka mīkini paʻi kaʻawale no nā pūnaewele pilikino a no nā pūnaewele lehulehu.

Ma nā pūnaewele pilikino, ʻo ka hana maʻamau e ʻae i kāu PC e ʻike i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe a ʻike ʻiaa hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā faila a me ka mīkini paʻi inā pono. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o kēia no nā hui ʻē aʻe ke komo i nā waihona i kaʻana like ʻia, nā mīkini paʻi pūnaewele, a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​mea hana e like me ka NAS.

Ma nā pūnaewele lehulehu, ʻo ke ʻano ʻē aʻe ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo: E hoʻopau i ka ʻike ʻana a me ka kaʻana like ʻana o ka pūnaeweleMa kēia ala e ʻoi aku ka kaʻawale o kāu hui mai ke koena o nā polokalamu i pili i kēlā pūnaewele, a e hoʻemi ʻoe i ka ʻili hoʻouka kaua ʻana i nā mea hoʻohana ʻino.

Ma kēlā ʻāpana like hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻonohonoho i nā koho maʻamau no nā pūnaewele āpau, e like me ke ʻano o ka nā waihona lehulehu, ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka ʻike multimedia ma o DLNA, ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hoʻopāʻālua i ka kaʻana like ʻana i nā faila, a i ʻole inā makemake ʻoe i ke komo ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai i kaʻana like ʻia e koi ai i kahi ʻōlelo huna.

Ka hopena maoli i ka palekana: ʻike ʻia a ʻaʻole paha ma ka LAN

ʻO ka ʻike ʻia ʻana ma ka pūnaewele kūloko he mau pono kona, akā he Wehe ia i ka puka i kekahi mau pilikia.Ke ʻike ʻia kāu PC ma ka polokalamu kele pūnaewele o nā kamepiula ʻē aʻe, hiki i kekahi mea i loaʻa i kēlā LAN ke hoʻāʻo e nānā i kāu mau kumuwaiwai i kaʻana like ʻia.

Inā ua kaʻana like ʻoe i nā waihona me nā ʻae heluhelu a kākau, hiki i kahi mea hoʻohana ʻino ke kope, hoʻololi a holoi paha i nā faila me ka ʻole o ka pilikia nui, ʻoiai inā ʻaʻole ʻoe i hoʻonohonoho pololei i kāu mau hōʻoia komo.

Eia kekahi, aia nā polokalamu ʻino e hoʻolaha ana ma o ka pūnaewele kūloko ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā nāwaliwali i nā lawelawe e like me SMB (ka protocol kaʻana like faila Windows). Ua hoʻohana pono nā hoʻouka kaua e like me WannaCry i kēia mau hemahema i kēia ʻano lawelawe e lele mai kekahi kamepiula a i kekahi i loko o ka pūnaewele like.

ʻO ka hūnā ʻana i kāu PC (e hōʻailona ana i ka pūnaewele ma ke ʻano he lehulehu, e hoʻopau ana i ka ʻike pūnaewele, e pani ana i nā awa i loko o ka pā ahi) hiki ke e hōʻemi i ka likelika o ka maʻi ʻana e kēia ʻano iloAkā, ʻaʻole ia he hopena hana mana: ʻo ka hapa nui o nā hoʻoweliweli i kēia lā e hele mai ma o ka polokalamu kele pūnaewele, leka uila a i ʻole nā ​​​​hoʻoiho ʻana, ʻaʻole nui ma o ka LAN.

ʻO ia ke kumu he mea nui e hoʻokō i ka hoʻonohonoho pūnaewele me kahi He antivirus maikaʻi a me kahi pā ahi i hoʻonohonoho pono ʻiaHe kūpono loa ka hoʻonā ponoʻī a Microsoft Defender, akā inā makemake ʻoe i ka mana kikoʻī loa ma luna o nā awa, nā protocol, a me nā lula, ʻo nā suites e like me ESET, Kaspersky, a i ʻole Bitdefender e komo pū me nā pā ahi ʻoi aku ka holomua, i uku pinepine ʻia a me ke kākoʻo loea.

Nā hewa maʻamau: IP 169.254.xx, DHCP, a me ka pūnaewele e loli ana ma kāna iho

ʻO kekahi o nā pilikia hoʻonāukiuki loa ke hōʻike ʻo Windows i kēlā ʻAʻohe ou helu wahi IP kūpono.I kēia mau hihia, i ka wā e hana ʻia ai ipconfig Ma ke kauoha kauoha, ʻike ʻoe i kahi mea e like me 169.254.55.246 me ka pale maka 255.255.0.0ʻAʻole kēlā helu wahi IP i loko o ka laulā o kāu router (no ka laʻana, 192.168.1.x), a no laila ʻaʻole hiki i kāu PC ke kamaʻilio me ke koena o ka pūnaewele a i ʻole ka Pūnaewele.

Pili kēlā mau helu wahi 169.254.xx me APIPAHe ʻōnaehana hoʻonohonoho ponoʻī kēia a Windows e hoʻohana ai ke loaʻa ʻole kahi helu IP kūpono mai ke kikowaena DHCP (ʻo ka mea maʻamau ka router). Hiki ke loaʻa kēia ma muli o kahi pilikia i kekahi manawa me ka router, ke kaula, ke kāleka pūnaewele, a i ʻole ʻo Windows ponoʻī.

Ma kekahi mau hihia i palapala ʻia, ma hope o ka hoʻomaka hou ʻana, ke hoʻololi nei i kahi IP static, a me ka hoʻomaha hou ʻana i ka IP me ipconfig /release y /renewA i ʻole, ma ka holo ʻana i ka mea hoʻoponopono pilikia, e nalo aku ka pilikia… akā E hoʻi hou ana au i nā lā a i ʻole nā ​​pule ma hope akuUa alakaʻi kēia i nā mea hoʻohana he nui e kānalua i nā hewa i kekahi mau mana o Windows 10 e pili ana i ka ʻōnaehana pūnaewele.

ʻO ka mea kupanaha loa, ʻo ia hoʻi, me ka helu IP hewa, ua ʻike ʻia pehea Ua loli ke ʻano pūnaewele mai pilikino a i lehulehu me ke komo ʻole ʻana o ka mea hoʻohana. I ka loaʻa hou ʻana o ka helu wahi IP pololei i ka mīkini ala hele (no ka laʻana, 192.168.1.34 me kahi pale maka o 255.255.255.0), ua hoʻihoʻi ʻia ka hoʻonohonoho pūnaewele pilikino i kekahi manawa.

I mea e hōʻemi ai i kēia mau pilikia, he mea kūpono ke E hōʻoia i ka hana ʻana o ka DHCP o ka router.aia ke kāleka pūnaewele i ke ʻano kūkākūkā ponoʻī, ua hōʻano hou ʻia nā mea hoʻokele, a ʻaʻohe polokalamu ʻaoʻao ʻekolu (VPN, nā pā ahi hou aʻe, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) e hoʻopilikia nei i ka waihona pūnaewele Windows.

ʻAe i nā polokalamu kikoʻī ma o ka pā ahi

Ke pono kahi polokalamu e loaʻa nā pilina mai ka pūnaewele (no ka laʻana, CouchDB ma ke awa 5984 (no ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā memo, kahi kikowaena pāʻani, kahi kikowaena pūnaewele kūloko, a pēlā aku), hiki i ka Windows Firewall ke ālai iā ia inā ʻaʻohe lula e ʻae ana.

Ma kahi o ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka pā ahi, ʻo ka mea kūpono e hana ai e ʻae i kēlā noi kikoʻīMa ka ʻaoʻao palekana o Windows, aia ma lalo o ka ʻāpana "Firewall and network protection", aia ke koho "Allow an application to go through the firewall".

Ma laila hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohui i ka mea hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia a wehe paha i kahi awa kikoʻī, e hōʻike ana i nā ʻano pūnaewele e pili ana ke kānāwai i: pilikino, lehulehu, a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻeluaMa kahi pūnaewele home i hōʻailona ʻia he pilikino, he hana maʻamau ka ʻae ʻana i ke komo ʻana ma nā pūnaewele pilikino wale nō, i ʻole e hiki ke komo i ka noi ke hoʻopili ʻoe i kāu kamepiula lawe lima i nā pūnaewele lehulehu.

Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka wehe ʻana i nā awa a i ʻole ka ʻae ʻana i nā noi me ka ʻole o ka hoʻomaopopo piha ʻana i ko lākou hopena hiki ke hoʻonui i ka pilikia o nā hoʻouka kauaʻoiai inā he mau nāwaliwali kēlā mau polokalamu a i ʻole ua hōʻike ʻia me ka ʻole o ka hōʻoia pono. ʻO ia ke kumu e hoʻoikaika nui ai ʻo Windows i nā ʻōlelo aʻo a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā pūnaewele lehulehu a pilikino i kāna mau lula.

Nā mea hana a me nā hana maalea e ʻike maikaʻi ai i kāu pūnaewele kūloko

Inā makemake ʻoe e hele i hoʻokahi ʻanuʻu hou aʻe a e hoʻomaopopo i ka mea e hana nei ma kāu pūnaeweleHāʻawi ʻo Windows i kekahi mau mea hana i kūkulu ʻia e like me ipconfig, ping, tracert a i ʻole ke "Network and Sharing Center" ponoʻī. Me kēia mau mea, hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā i kāu helu wahi IP, holo i nā hoʻokolohua pili, a ʻike i nā bottlenecks.

Eia nō naʻe, ʻike ka poʻe he nui he ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pono hana kiʻi. ʻO kahi laʻana maikaʻi ʻO WirelessNetViewHōʻike ka mea hana liʻiliʻi a manuahi a Nirsoft i nā pūnaewele Wi-Fi kokoke, ko lākou ikaika hōʻailona, ​​​​ka helu wahi MAC, ke ʻano hoʻopāʻālua, a me nā ʻikepili hoihoi ʻē aʻe. He mea pono ia no ka nānā ʻana Pehea ka piha o kou wahi WiFi? a he aha ka pae o ka palekana e hoʻohana ai nā pūnaewele a puni ʻoe?

ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i ka ʻike kumu e pili ana i kāu pūnaewele (channel, band, ʻano hōʻoia, helu o nā mea i hoʻopili ʻia) e kōkua iā ʻoe e e noʻonoʻo inā he mea kūpono ke "hūnā" i kāu PC A i ʻole inā aia ka pilikia maoli ma kahi ʻē aʻe: ka uhi maikaʻi ʻole, ka hoʻopilikia ʻana, ka mīkini ala hele i hoʻouka nui ʻia, a pēlā aku.

I nā hihia ʻoi aku ka holomua, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka Windows registry e hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia me nā lohi pūnaewele a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​cacheEia kekahi laʻana, ma ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke kī DirectoryCacheLifetime en HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\LanmanWorkstation\Parameters Ma ke kau ʻana iā ia i 0, ua hoʻokele kekahi mau mea hoʻohana e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā manawa pane i ka wā e komo ai i nā kumuwaiwai i kaʻana like ʻia. Eia nō naʻe, he mea nui e kākoʻo mau i ka papa inoa ma mua o ka hana ʻana i kekahi mau hoʻololi.

ʻO ka VPN, nā palapala hōʻoia, a me ke ʻano hou o Microsoft i ka palekana

I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻoikaika nui ʻo Microsoft i ka hoʻolaha ʻana ka palekana paʻamau i nā pūnaeweleHe mea ʻike ʻia kēia, no ka laʻana, i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā protocols kahiko me ka ʻole o ka hoʻopāʻālua ʻana, ʻaʻole hoʻi ke komo ʻana o ka malihini i nā kumuwaiwai pūnaewele me ka ʻole o ka ʻōlelo huna.

Ma kekahi mau polokalamu NAS, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka Windows 11 e "ʻike" pololei iā lākou. e hana i kahi inoa inoa a me ka ʻōlelo huna kikoʻī ma ka NAS a hoʻohui i kēlā mau hōʻoia i ka "Credential Manager" Windows, ma kahi o ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona palekana e hiki ai i kahi mea hou ke hoʻāla hou.

Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ke hoʻopili ʻoe i nā pūnaewele lehulehu (nā hōkele, nā hale ʻaina, nā kikowaena…) ʻoiai inā ua hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia kāu ʻaoʻao lehulehu, e ʻike mau ʻia ana ʻoe i nā ʻano hana e like me ka hopu ʻana i ke kaʻa a i ʻole nā ​​hoʻouka kaua MITM (Man in the Middle)ʻO ia kahi e kūpono ai ka VPN: hoʻopāʻālua ia i nā kaʻa āpau mai ka ʻaoʻao a i ka hopena ma mua o kona haʻalele ʻana i kāu kamepiula.

E hoʻohana i kahi VPN hilinaʻi Pale ia i nā mea hoʻohana ʻē aʻe ma ka pūnaewele like, a i ʻole kāu mea hoʻolako pūnaewele ponoʻī, mai ka nānā maʻalahi ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻopunipuni ʻana i kāu mea e hana ai ma ka pūnaewele. ʻAʻole ia e hoʻolilo iā ʻoe i mea ʻike ʻole ʻia, akā hoʻohui ia i kahi papa palekana ikaika loa, ʻoiai inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e kāohi i ke kaiapuni pūnaewele.

ʻO Windows, ka pā ahi, ke ʻano pūnaewele, nā palapala hōʻoia, a me ka VPN e hana i kahi kaiaola palekanaInā hāʻule kekahi o nā ʻāpana a i ʻole mākou e hoʻonohonoho pono ʻole iā ia, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hiki ke kū mai nā pilikia e like me ke komo ʻana i ālai ʻia, nā pūnaewele i lilo koke i lehulehu, a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​mea hana e "nalowale" mai ka LAN.

ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā pūnaewele lehulehu a me nā pūnaewele pilikino, ka nānā ʻana i ke kūlana o kāu Windows Firewall, ka hōʻoia ʻana he kūpono kāu helu wahi IP (ʻaʻohe mea e like me 169.254.xx), ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā hoʻonohonoho kaʻana like pūnaewele, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā polokalamu antivirus ikaika a me nā VPN i ka wā e hoʻopili ai mai waho o kāu pūnaewele home ʻo ia ke ala naʻauao loa e E pale iā Windows mai ke ālai ʻana i kāu komo kūloko ma ka manaʻo ʻana aia ʻoe ma kahi pūnaewele lehulehu me ka ʻole o ka mōhai ʻana i ka palekana āu e pono ai i kēlā me kēia kūlana.