VirtualBox vs. VMware vs. Hyper-V: Yam twg los xaiv rau koj xav tau

La kev ua virtual Nws tau dhau los ua trump card rau cov kws tshaj lij thiab cov neeg nyiam: nws tso cai rau koj los teeb tsa lub tshuab ua haujlwm ib leeg nrog lwm cov kev khiav haujlwm hauv vib nas this, txuag nqi thiab ua haujlwm zoo dua. Cov kev xaiv muaj ntau yam, yuav luag ib txwm nqaim mus rau hauv qab no: VirtualBox vs VMware vs Hyper-V.

Cov no yog peb lub npe uas nquag hnov, tab sis, Qhov twg yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub? Hauv cov kab hauv qab no koj yuav pom qhov sib piv tob tob kom tshem tawm qhov tsis ntseeg.

Ntsib cov neeg sib tw: VirtualBox vs. VMware vs. Hyper-V

Ua ntej xaiv ntawm VirtualBox vs VMware vs Hyper-V, cia peb nkag siab cov yam ntxwv ntawm txhua tus:

VirtualBox

Nws yog tus tswv los ntawm Oracle, pub dawb, thiab qhib qhov chaw. Ntxiv nrog rau kev hla-platform ntawm tus tswv tsev (Windows, Linux, macOS, Solaris, txawm tias FreeBSD), nws txhawb nqa ntau yam qhua, los ntawm Windows y Linux rau ntau kab txawv thiab retro systems. Nws qhov txiaj ntsig zoo yog qhov kev ua tau ntau yam (formats, CLI, compatibility) thiab nws ua haujlwm zoo li cas ib puag ncig heterogeneous.

Kom nyem zoo VirtualBox Nws yog advisable rau nruab lub Extension Pack (PUEL daim ntawv tso cai rau kev siv tus kheej / kev kawm; Enterprise daim ntawv tso cai rau kev lag luam siv) uas ntxiv USB 2.0/3.0, VRDP, PXE, thiab encryption, ntawm lwm yam nta. Nws kuj muaj Guest Additions kom zoo dua integrate tus qhua: ob-txoj kev ntawv teev cia, luag thiab poob, nws pib-resizing, Seamless hom, thiab lwm yam.

VMware Workstation

Synonymous nrog kev ua tau zoo thiab tag nrho polish. Player Edition yog pub dawb rau kev siv tus kheej / tsis yog lag luam, thiab Pro ntxiv txhua yam: Ntau VMs ib txhij nrog tabbed interface, advanced virtual networks, cloning (suav nrog) txuas clones), vSphere txuas, thiab lwm yam. Nws yog ua ntej hauv cov duab ua haujlwm thiab 3D kev sib raug zoo: DirectX 11 y OpenGL 4.3 nrog txog li 2GB ntawm virtual VRAM, ntxiv rau USB 3.0 kev koom ua ke "tawm ntawm lub thawv".

VMware permite crear cov duab thaij, clone tshuab thiab qhia lawv. Nws integrates zoo heev nrog vSphere/ESXi thiab, txij li Workstation 16, nws tuaj yeem koom nrog Hyper-V. Tab sis yog tib yam li ib txwm: nws yog kev lag luam software thiab Pro version nyob ib puag ncig €200 (nrog rau kev hloov kho pheej yig dua), nrog ntau yam ntawm cov yam ntxwv uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov pib tshiab.

Hyper‑V

Hyper-V Nws yog Microsoft's hypervisor thiab tuaj koom ua ke Windows 10/11 Pro, Enterprise thiab Education (tsis nyob hauv Tsev). Nws yog ib tug hypervisor ntawm tipo 1 Kev taw qhia siab rau qhov chaw ua haujlwm, nrog cov yam ntxwv muaj zog (cov chaw kuaj xyuas cov khoom siv, cov tes hauj lwm virtual, kev them nyiaj yug disk tiag, thiab lwm yam). Hauv Windows tam sim no, nws ua ke nrog WSL2 y Windows Sandbox, ob lub hnub qub daim ntawv thov uas tso siab rau nws cov hypervisor. Nws interface thiab kev siv yuav nyuaj rougher yog tias koj tuaj ntawm lub ntiaj teb desktop.

Hypervisor hom thiab virtualization

Muaj ob tsev neeg: tipo 1 ( liab qab hlau, lub hypervisor khiav ntawm lub hardware) thiab tipo 2 (khiav raws li daim ntawv thov saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm tus tswv OS). Hyper-V yog hom 1, thaum VirtualBox thiab VMware Workstation yog tipo 2Qhov sib txawv no tseem ceeb: Hom 1s nyiam noj nyiaj siv ua haujlwm tsawg dua thiab sib koom ua ke zoo dua nrog cov haujlwm ua haujlwm.

Raws li cov txheej txheem, ob qho tib si txhawb nqa virtualización asistida por hardware (Intel VT-x/AMD-V). VirtualBox kuj suav nrog software virtualization rau 32-ntsis qhua, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov tshuab qub yam tsis muaj VT-x / AMD-V kev txhawb nqa (rau 64-ntsis koj xav tau kho vajtse). Qhov kev nthuav dav no ua rau VirtualBox lub neej cawm siav rau retro lab los yog khoom siv me me.

Txhawb kev khiav hauj lwm systems (tus tswv tsev thiab qhua)

Nyob ntawm tus tswv tsev, VirtualBox Nws yog qhov qhib tshaj plaws: nws ua haujlwm ntawm Windows, Linux, macOS, Solaris thiab FreeBSD. VMware Workstation Nws tau nruab rau ntawm Windows thiab Linux; ntawm macOS nws muaj VMware Fusion. Hyper-V nkaus xwb nyob hauv Windows (Pro/Enterprise client thiab Windows Server).

Raws li cov qhua, tag nrho peb npog Windows thiab Linux muaj peev xwm; Yog tias koj xav nyeem thiab sau Ext4 disks los ntawm Windows, kos tawm Yuav ua li cas nyeem thiab sau Ext4 disks hauv Windows. VirtualBox kuj ntxiv, Solaris, FreeBSD thiab lwm lub tshuab tsawg dua; VMware kuj txhawb ntau yam (nrog macOS officially hauv Fusion ntawm Mac). Hauv Hyper-V qhov tsom mus rau Windows thiab Linux thiab, txawm hais tias kev txhawb nqa Linux yog qhov zoo, nws experiencia de escritorio xav tau qee qhov kev hloov kho ntxiv.

Virtual disks thiab tawm tswv yim (VHD / VHDX, VDI, VMDK)

Hyper-V ua haujlwm nrog VHD y VHDX (tom kawg yog hom ntawv niaj hnub txij li Windows Server 2012). Nws muab cov discs fijos (pre-assigned) thiab dynamic (nyias, lawv loj hlob ntawm kev thov). Tsau sawv daws noj qhov chaw ntawm feeb ib tab sis rinden mejor; dynamic sawv daws yuav txuag cia ntawm tus nqi ntawm kev ua haujlwm qis dua thiab kev ua haujlwm compaction.

VirtualBox txhawb nqa VDI (native) (Txhim kho ib daim duab VDI hauv VirtualBox), VMDK, VHD thiab HDD (Parallels). Tseem ceeb: tsis nyeem VHDX. VMware Workstation/Fusion siv VMDK. Hauv ob qho tib si VMware thiab VirtualBox koj tuaj yeem xaiv ua ntej faib lossis faib cov disks thiab, yog tias tsim nyog, convertirlos más tarde.

3D Graphics, USB thiab Devices

A nivel gráfico, VMware yog ua ntej ntawm lub desktop: DirectX 11 thiab OpenGL 4.3, nrog rau 2 GB ntawm virtual VRAM thiab 3D enabled los ntawm lub neej ntawd nyob rau hauv tsis ntev los no versions. VirtualBox txhawb nqa mus txog OpenGL 3.0 thiab Direct3D 9, nrog 128 MB ntawm qhov siab tshaj VRAM; rau kev thov 3D scenarios nws poob luv.

Ntawm USB, VMware muaj Native USB 3.0. VirtualBox xav tau lub Extension Pack rau USB 2.0 / 3.0 (tsis muaj nws, tsuas yog USB 1.1). Nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si, txhim kho VMware Cov Cuab Yeej lossis Guest Ntxiv zoo heev txhim kho qhov kev paub: integrated nas, clipboard, sib koom folders thiab video zoo. Yog tias cov keyboard tsis teb, xa mus rau cov lus qhia Keyboard tsis ua haujlwm hauv VirtualBox para solucionarlo.

Networks thiab console nkag

VirtualBox suav nrog palette ua tiav ntawm network hom: NAT (default), Network NAT (kev pabcuam NAT sib koom ntawm VMs), Choj, Tus Tswv nkaus xwb, thiab Sab Hauv (kev cais tawm) Network. NAT thiab Network NAT integrate DHCP server thiab pub internet rau cov qhua tsis muaj teeb meem; nrog chaw nres nkoj xa mus, koj tuaj yeem tshaj tawm cov kev pabcuam.

VMware muaj NAT, Choj, thiab Host-Tsuas nrog kev sib tham VMnet (VMNet8 rau NAT, VMNet1 rau Tus Tswv nkaus xwb, VMNet0 rau Choj). Workstation thiab Fusion Pro suav nrog a virtual network editor advanced mus fiddle nrog subnets, DHCP, thiab lwm yam. Player tsis suav nrog tus editor, tab sis khaws cov hom yooj yim.

Txhawm rau tswj hwm tus qhua console, Hyper-V muab VMConnect (nrog rau Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo Tshaj Plaws rau redirect clipboard, audio, USB, printers thiab zaub). VirtualBox muaj VRDE/VRDP (tshaj nrog Microsoft RDP ntawm Extension Pack), txhawm rau txuas ntawm 3389 los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom txheem.

Kev soj ntsuam tsheb thiab kev nyab xeeb

Yog tias koj xav kuaj xyuas lub network, Hyper-V txhawb nqa Port Mirroring kom duplicate tsheb los ntawm ib qho chaw nres nkoj virtual mus rau lwm qhov thiab txheeb xyuas nrog cov cuab yeej ntes. VirtualBox tso cai rau koj los pab network taug qab thiab txuag PCAP nrog tag nrho cov tsheb khiav VM kom qhib lawv tom qab hauv Wireshark.

Hauv encryption, VirtualBox (nrog Extension Pack) tso cai XTS-AES-256/128 ntawm VM disk theem. VMware muaj encryption thiab VM txwv ( tas sij hawm, txwv ib tsab) hauv Workstation Pro thiab Fusion Pro; ESXi ntxiv KMS thiab granular encryption ntawm VMDK cov ntaub ntawv, sib pauv nco, thiab snapshots. Rau txhua lub hom phiaj siv tau, VMware muaj tag nrho cov suite más completo en entornos empresariales.

Nyob Migration: vMotion vs. Teleporting

Tsiv lub zog-on VM mus rau lwm tus tswv tsev nrog tsawg kawg downtime yog kub ntshiab. Hauv VMware vSphere, vMotion puas tsuas yog qhov nruab nrab ntawm ESXi hosts tswj los ntawm vCenter, nrog rau kev sib koom tes sib koom thiab kev sib koom ua ke (kom txav tau cov disks, Cia vMotion siv). Nws muaj peev xwm migrate ntau VMs ib zaug thiab nws ua haujlwm txawm tias ntawm CPUs ntawm ntau tiam neeg siv EVC.

VirtualBox muaj Teleporting: Migrate VM xeev ntawm VirtualBox hosts dhau TCP/IP nrog tsawg kawg downtime, tsuav yog ob leeg pom tib qhov sib koom cia thiab VM nrog yog tsim rau ntawm lub hom phiaj hardware zoo tib yam. Nws yog qhov muaj zog tshaj plaws rau kev sim sib xyaw thiab cov xwm txheej. Linux/Windows ua host.

Gestión remota y automatización

Txhawm rau tswj hwm Hyper-V koj muaj GUI ntawm Hyper‑V Manager thiab cov leeg ntawm PowerShell (zoo tagnrho rau automating ntawm cov nplai loj). VMware ESXi yog tswj nrog vSphere Client thiab, yog tias koj xav tau, nrog PowerCLI. Ntawm ESXi cov tshuab tsis muaj vCenter, koj tuaj yeem rub los ntawm Tus tswv tsev Client los ntawm browser rau kev ua haujlwm.

VirtualBox yog amazingly tswj los ntawm VBoxManage (CLI nrog rau kev nkag mus rau tag nrho lub cav, txawm tias cov kev xaiv uas tsis tshwm sim hauv GUI). Yog tias koj khiav VirtualBox ntawm "headless" server, phpVirtualBox Nws muab koj lub web interface zoo ib yam li official GUI los tswj nws remotely nrog browser.

Sib koom cia (iSCSI, NFS, SMB, Fiber Channel)

VirtualBox suav nrog a iniciador iSCSI integrated mus cuag lub hom phiaj ncaj qha raws li ib tug VM disk (tsis tsim ib tug intermediate VMDK / VDI). Nws kuj ua tau zoo nrog NFS thiab SMB los ntawm tus tswv tsev. VMware Workstation/Player/Fusion tsis muaj lawv tus kheej iSCSI, tab sis koj tuaj yeem mount iSCSI/NFS/SMB ntawm lub SO anfitrión thiab txuag koj VMDKs nyob ntawd.

Hauv ESXi cov yeeb yaj kiab hloov pauv: tus tswv tsev txuas rau iSCSI/NFS/Fibre Channel li datastores qhov twg cov ntaub ntawv VM nyob. Nws kuj txhawb RDM los nthuav qhia LUNs rau cov qhua. Rau cov xwm txheej ntau lawm, ESXi yog ib qho kev xaiv loj dua sib koom cia coj mus rau lub rooj. Yog tias koj lub virtual disk ploj lawm tom qab hloov tshiab Windows, kos Koj lub disk virtual tau ploj tom qab hloov kho Windows para posibles soluciones.

Nco, kev ua tau zoo, thiab "nyob ua ke"

Thaum tus tswv tsev khiav tawm ntawm RAM, lub memory ballooning, uas reclaims unused memory los ntawm ib co VMs muab rau lwm tus. VirtualBox txhawb nqa nws (nrog Guest Ntxiv thiab ntawm CLI), thiab ntawm VMware nws muaj nyob rau hauv Workstation/Fusion/ESXi (kuj configurable ntawm GUI). ESXi ntxiv gems zoo li compression thiab deduplication host-level nco.

Kuv puas tuaj yeem muaj txhua yam ua haujlwm ib zaug? Txij xyoo 2020, Hyper-V lub neej zoo dua nrog rau qhov tseeb versions ntawm VMware thiab VirtualBox. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv kev xyaum, muaj qee qhov kev sib txhuam (piv txwv li, hauv VirtualBox koj yuav qee zaum pom lub cim ntawm “tortuga” qhia tias nws siv qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws Hyper-V txheej). Tsis tas li ntawd, virtualization siv ntau CPU thiab RAMQhov tseeb tshaj plaws yog feem ntau bet rau ib lub ntsiab thiab tsis txhob khiav ob lub hypervisors tib lub sijhawm.

Desktop nta: folders, clipboard, drag & drop, thiab integrated hom

Rau kev siv txhua hnub, lawv ua qhov sib txawv: carpetas compartidas, bidirectional clipboard, thiab luag/poob. VirtualBox thiab VMware txhawb nqa lawv (nrog Guest Ntxiv lossis VMware Cov Cuab Yeej). Hauv Hyper-V, Enhanced Session Mode npog ntaus ntawv redirection thiab muab cov peev txheej rau VM.

Yog tias koj nyiam sib tov qhov rais zoo li txhua yam los ntawm tib lub OS, VirtualBox muaj cov Seamless hom (Windows, Linux, Solaris) thiab VMware su Kev sib koom ua ke (Windows), uas qhia cov qhua apps tsis muaj VM ncej. Nws yooj yim heev rau mix apps qhua nrog koj lub desktop.

Yuav tsum xav txog dab tsi ua ntej txiav txim siab

Ua ntej txhim kho, siv sij hawm thib ob los ntsuas cov ntsiab lus no vim tias lawv ua qhov sib txawv hauv koj lub neej txhua hnub. Kev xav txog kev xaiv yuav cawm koj mob taub hau thiab muab rau koj kev paub txog kua dej nrog koj VMs.

• Kev Sib Haum Xeeb nrog tawm tswv yim (VDI/VMDK/VHD) thiab yooj yim ntawm importing/exporting OVF/OVA ntawm platforms.
• Kev ua tau zoo thaum khiav VMs hnyav thiab pib sai, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrog 3D duab.
• Kev Kho Kom Haum Tus Kheej virtual hardware thiab networks (NAT, choj, tus tswv tsev nkaus xwb, sib koom NAT, network editor).
• Kev Ruaj Ntseg: VM encryption, cais tawm, kev txhawb nqa chaw kuaj xyuas, thiab kev txwv txoj cai.
• Simplicidad installation/siv yog hais tias koj yog ib tug beginner, thiab zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv / zej zog.
• Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo hauv kev siv nyiaj txiag; Yog tias koj luv ntawm RAM / CPU, xaiv qhov hypervisor uas tsim qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm "ballast."

Thaum kawg, nco ntsoov tias txij li cov versions tsis ntev los no, VMware thiab VirtualBox tuaj yeem ua ke nrog Hyper-V enabled ntawm Windows, tab sis kev ua haujlwm yuav raug kev txom nyem hauv qee qhov xwm txheej. Yog tias koj pom lub npe hu ua "vaub vaub kib" hauv VirtualBox lossis pom tias koj VMs tau tuab dhau lawm, sim ua kom tsis siv Hyper-V lossis siv ib tus hypervisor zoo li loj.

Nrog rau tag nrho cov saum toj no, xaiv tsis nyuaj: yog tias koj tsiv los ntawm Microsoft ecosystem (WSL2/Sandbox/Docker), Hyper-V yog koj tus phooj ywg. Rau multi-OS lab nrog pes tsawg tus nqi thiab ntau qhov hloov pauv, VirtualBox Nws ntau tshaj li xa. Thiab yog tias koj xav tau kev ua haujlwm du, muaj peev xwm 3D, clones, thiab vSphere kev koom ua ke, VMware Workstation Pro Nws yuav muab rau koj ntxiv ib yam dab tsi uas pom tau los ntawm qhov pib thawj zaug.

Tsab xov xwm cuam tshuam:

Yuav ua li cas kom muaj kev nyab xeeb nyeem thiab sau rau EXT4 partitions hauv Windows 11

Daniel Terrasa

Tus kws kho tshwj xeeb hauv kev siv thev naus laus zis thiab teeb meem hauv internet nrog ntau tshaj kaum xyoo ntawm kev paub hauv cov xov xwm sib txawv. Kuv tau ua haujlwm ua tus editor thiab tus tsim cov ntsiab lus rau e-lag luam, kev sib txuas lus, kev lag luam online thiab cov tuam txhab tshaj tawm. Kuv kuj tau sau rau ntawm kev lag luam, nyiaj txiag thiab lwm cov vev xaib. Kuv txoj hauj lwm kuj yog kuv lub siab nyiam. Tam sim no, dhau ntawm kuv cov ntawv hauv Tecnobits, Kuv sim tshawb nrhiav txhua yam xov xwm thiab lub cib fim tshiab uas lub ntiaj teb kev siv tshuab muab rau peb txhua hnub los txhim kho peb lub neej.