Yuav ua li cas rau encrypt koj DNS yam tsis tau kov koj lub router nrog DoH: Phau ntawv ua tiav

¿Yuav ua li cas encrypt koj DNS yam tsis kov koj router siv DNS dhau HTTPS? Yog tias koj txhawj xeeb txog leej twg tuaj yeem pom cov vev xaib uas koj txuas rau, Encrypt Domain Name System queries nrog DNS dhau HTTPS Nws yog ib txoj hauv kev yooj yim tshaj plaws los ua kom koj tus kheej tsis muaj kev sib ntaus nrog koj lub router. Nrog DoH, tus neeg txhais lus uas hloov cov npe rau IP chaw nres tsheb hauv qhov tseeb thiab mus dhau HTTPS qhov.

Nyob rau hauv phau ntawv qhia no koj yuav pom, nyob rau hauv lus ncaj qha thiab tsis muaj ntau ntau jargon, Dab tsi yog DoH, nws txawv ntawm lwm yam kev xaiv xws li DoT, yuav ua li cas pab kom nws nyob rau hauv browsers thiab kev khiav hauj lwm systems (xws li Windows Server 2022), yuav ua li cas kom paub tseeb tias nws ua tau tiag tiag ua hauj lwm, txhawb servers, thiab, yog tias koj muaj siab tawv, txawm yuav teeb tsa koj tus kheej DoH daws teeb meem. Txhua yam, tsis kov lub router...Tshwj tsis yog rau ib qho kev xaiv rau cov neeg uas xav teeb tsa nws ntawm MikroTik.

DNS dhau HTTPS (DoH) yog dab tsi thiab vim li cas koj thiaj li mob siab rau

Thaum koj ntaus hauv ib lub npe (piv txwv li, Xataka.com) lub khoos phis tawj nug tus DNS daws qhov nws tus IP yog dab tsi; Cov txheej txheem no feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv cov ntawv dawb Thiab leej twg ntawm koj lub network, koj tus kws kho mob hauv Is Taws Nem, lossis cov khoom siv nruab nrab tuaj yeem snoop lossis tswj nws. Qhov no yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm classic DNS: ceev, ubiquitous ... thiab pob tshab rau peb tog.

Nov yog qhov uas DoH tuaj rau hauv: Nws txav cov lus nug DNS thiab cov lus teb rau tib lub channel uas siv los ntawm lub vev xaib ruaj ntseg (HTTPS, chaw nres nkoj 443)Qhov tshwm sim yog tias lawv tsis mus ncig "hauv qhov qhib," txo qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev soj ntsuam, nug txog kev nyiag, thiab qee tus txiv neej-hauv nruab nrab tawm tsam. Tsis tas li ntawd, hauv ntau qhov kev xeem latency tsis phem dua appreciably thiab tseem tuaj yeem txhim kho ua tsaug rau kev thauj mus los optimizations.

Ib qho txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb yog tias DoH tuaj yeem qhib rau ntawm daim ntawv thov lossis qib system, yog li koj tsis tas yuav cia siab rau koj tus neeg nqa khoom lossis router kom pab tau dab tsi. Ntawd yog, koj tuaj yeem tiv thaiv koj tus kheej "los ntawm qhov browser tawm," yam tsis tas kov cov khoom siv network.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub qhov txawv ntawm DoH los ntawm DoT (DNS dhau TLS): DoT encrypts DNS ntawm chaw nres nkoj 853 ncaj qha hla TLS, thaum DoH koom ua ke rau hauv HTTP(S). DoT yog qhov yooj yim hauv txoj kev xav, tab sis Nws yog feem ntau yuav raug thaiv los ntawm firewalls uas txiav tsis tshua muaj ports; DoH, los ntawm kev siv 443, zoo dua hla cov kev txwv no thiab tiv thaiv kev quab yuam "pushback" kev tawm tsam rau DNS tsis tau encrypted.

Ntawm kev ceev ntiag tug: Siv HTTPS tsis hais txog ncuav qab zib lossis taug qab hauv DoH; cov qauv qhia qhia tawm tsam nws siv Hauv cov ntsiab lus no, TLS 1.3 kuj txo qhov xav tau rov pib dua, txo qis kev sib raug zoo. Thiab yog tias koj txhawj xeeb txog kev ua tau zoo, HTTP / 3 dhau QUIC tuaj yeem muab kev txhim kho ntxiv los ntawm kev sib txuas lus nug yam tsis muaj kev thaiv.

Yuav ua li cas DNS ua haujlwm, muaj kev pheej hmoo, thiab qhov twg DoH haum rau

Qhov kev khiav hauj lwm ib txwm kawm paub tus neeg daws teeb meem siv los ntawm DHCP; Hauv tsev koj feem ntau siv ISP's, nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm, lub koom haum network. Thaum qhov kev sib txuas lus no tsis yog encrypted (UDP/TCP 53), ib tus neeg ntawm koj lub Wi-Fi lossis ntawm txoj kev tuaj yeem pom cov lus nug, txhaj cov lus teb cuav, lossis xa koj mus rau kev tshawb fawb thaum tsis muaj npe, ib yam li qee tus neeg ua haujlwm ua.

Ib qho kev txheeb xyuas kev tsheb khiav tawm qhia pom cov chaw nres nkoj, qhov chaw / qhov chaw IPs, thiab tus sau nws tus kheej tau daws; Qhov no tsis tsuas yog nthuav tawm cov cwj pwm browsing, nws kuj ua rau nws yooj yim dua rau kev sib txuas txuas ntxiv, piv txwv li, rau Twitter chaw nyob lossis zoo sib xws, thiab txiav cov nplooj ntawv pes tsawg uas koj tau mus xyuas.

Nrog DoT, cov lus DNS nkag mus rau hauv TLS ntawm chaw nres nkoj 853; nrog DoH, cov lus nug DNS yog encapsulated hauv tus qauv HTTPS thov, uas tseem ua rau nws siv los ntawm kev siv lub vev xaib los ntawm browser APIs. Ob lub tswv yim sib koom tib lub hauv paus: server authentication nrog daim ntawv pov thawj thiab qhov kawg-rau-kawg encrypted channel.

Qhov teeb meem nrog cov chaw nres nkoj tshiab yog qhov uas nws muaj rau qee lub network thaiv 853, txhawb software kom "poob rov qab" rau unencrypted DNS. DoH txo qhov no los ntawm kev siv 443, uas yog ib txwm muaj rau lub vev xaib. DNS / QUIC kuj tseem muaj nyob rau lwm qhov kev xaiv, txawm hais tias nws yuav tsum qhib UDP thiab tsis tas yuav muaj.

Txawm tias thaum encrypting thauj, ceev faj nrog ib tug nuance: Yog hais tias tus daws teeb meem dag, lub cipher tsis kho nws.Rau lub hom phiaj no, DNSSEC muaj, uas tso cai rau kev lees paub ntawm cov lus teb ncaj ncees, txawm hais tias nws txoj kev txais yuav tsis dav thiab qee tus neeg nruab nrab cuam tshuam nws txoj haujlwm. Txawm li cas los xij, DoH tiv thaiv cov neeg thib peb ntawm txoj kev los ntawm kev snooping lossis cuam tshuam nrog koj cov lus nug.

Qhib nws yam tsis tau kov lub router: browsers thiab systems

Txoj hauv kev yooj yim tshaj plaws los pib yog ua kom DoH hauv koj lub browser lossis operating system. Nov yog qhov koj tiv thaiv cov lus nug los ntawm koj pab neeg tsis nyob ntawm tus router firmware.

Google Chrome

Hauv cov versions tam sim no koj tuaj yeem mus rau chrome://settings/security thiab, hauv "Siv DNS ruaj ntseg", qhib qhov kev xaiv thiab xaiv tus kws kho mob (koj tus kws kho mob tam sim no yog tias lawv txhawb DoH lossis ib qho los ntawm Google cov npe xws li Cloudflare lossis Google DNS).

Hauv cov ntawv dhau los, Chrome muab qhov kev sim hloov pauv: hom chrome://flags/#dns-over-https, tshawb rau "Secure DNS lookups" thiab hloov nws los ntawm Default mus rau Enabled. Pib dua koj tus browser los siv cov kev hloov pauv.

Microsoft Edge (Chromium)

Chromium-based Edge suav nrog cov kev xaiv zoo sib xws. Yog tias koj xav tau, mus rau edge://flags/#dns-over-https, nrhiav "Secure DNS lookups" thiab qhib nws hauv EnabledHauv cov qauv niaj hnub no, kev ua kom muaj nyob hauv koj qhov chaw ntiag tug.

Mozilla Firefox

Qhib cov ntawv qhia zaub mov (sab saum toj sab xis)> Chaw> General> scroll down mus rau "Network Settings", coj mus rhaub rau Kev teeb tsa thiab cim "Qhib DNS dhau HTTPS”. Koj tuaj yeem xaiv los ntawm cov chaw muab kev pabcuam xws li Cloudflare lossis NextDNS.

Yog tias koj xav tau kev tswj kom zoo, hauv about:config kho kom haum network.trr.mode: 2 (tus neeg muaj peev xwm) siv DoH thiab ua rau poob qis yog tsis muaj; 3 (tswj) mandates DoH thiab ua tsis tau yog tias tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa. Nrog hom nruj, txhais lub bootstrap daws raws li network.trr.bootstrapAddress=1.1.1.1.

Ua yeeb yam

Txij li version 65, Opera suav nrog kev xaiv rau pab DoH nrog 1.1.1.1. Nws los ua neeg xiam oob khab los ntawm lub neej ntawd thiab ua haujlwm hauv hom kev siv sijhawm: yog 1.1.1.1:443 teb, nws yuav siv DoH; txwv tsis pub, nws poob rov qab mus rau unencrypted daws teeb meem.

Windows 10/11: Autodetect (AutoDoH) thiab Registry

Windows tuaj yeem tso cai rau DoH nrog qee tus paub daws teeb meem. Nyob rau hauv cov laus versions, koj tuaj yeem yuam tus cwj pwm los ntawm Registry: khiav regedit thiab mus rau HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Dnscache\Parameters.

Tsim DWORD (32-ntsis) hu ua EnableAutoDoh nrog tus nqi 2 y Rov pib dua lub computerQhov no ua haujlwm yog tias koj siv DNS servers uas txhawb nqa DoH.

Windows Server 2022: DNS neeg siv nrog haiv neeg DoH

Cov neeg siv DNS built-in hauv Windows Server 2022 txhawb nqa DoH. Koj tsuas tuaj yeem siv DoH nrog cov servers uas nyob hauv lawv cov npe "Known DoH". los yog koj ntxiv koj tus kheej. Txhawm rau teeb tsa nws los ntawm graphical interface:

1. Qhib Windows Settings > Network thiab Internet.
2. Nkag mus Ethernet thiab xaiv koj lub interface.
3. Ntawm lub network screen, scroll down mus Cov chaw teeb tsa DNS thiab nias Kho kom raug.
4. Xaiv "Manual" los txhais cov servers nyiam thiab hloov pauv.
5. Yog tias cov chaw nyob ntawd nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev npe DoH paub, nws yuav qhib "Xav tau DNS Encryption" nrog peb txoj kev xaiv:
   • Encryption nkaus xwb (DNS dhau HTTPS): Force DoH; yog tias lub server tsis txhawb DoH, yuav tsis muaj kev daws teeb meem.
   • Nyiam encryption, cia unencrypted: Sim DoH thiab yog tias nws ua tsis tiav, poob rov qab mus rau qhov tsis tau encrypted classic DNS.
   • Unencrypted nkaus xwb: Siv cov ntawv sau ib txwm siv DNS.
6. Txuag mus siv cov kev hloov pauv.

Koj tuaj yeem nug thiab txuas ntxiv cov npe ntawm DoH paub daws teeb meem siv PowerShell. Mus saib daim ntawv teev npe tam sim no:

Get-DNSClientDohServerAddress

Txhawm rau sau npe tshiab DoH server nrog koj tus qauv, siv:

Add-DnsClientDohServerAddress -ServerAddress "<IP-del-resolutor>" -DohTemplate "<URL-plantilla-DoH>" -AllowFallbackToUdp $False -AutoUpgrade $True

Nco ntsoov tias cmdlet Set-DNSClientServerAddress tsis tswj nws tus kheej kev siv DoH; encryption nyob ntawm seb cov chaw nyob puas nyob hauv lub rooj ntawm DoH servers paub. Tam sim no koj tsis tuaj yeem teeb tsa DoH rau Windows Server 2022 DNS tus neeg siv khoom los ntawm Windows Admin Center lossis nrog sconfig.cmd.

Pawg Txoj Cai hauv Windows Server 2022

Muaj lus qhia hu ua "Configure DNS dhau HTTPS (DoH)" en Configuración del equipo\Directivas\Plantillas administrativas\Red\Cliente DNS. Thaum enabled, koj tuaj yeem xaiv:

• Tso cai rau DoH: Siv DoH yog tias lub server txhawb nws; txwv tsis pub, nug unencrypted.
• Ban DoH: Tsis txhob siv DoH.
• Yuav tsum tau DoH: rog DoH; yog tias tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa, kev daws teeb meem ua tsis tiav.

Tseem Ceeb: Tsis txhob qhib "Yuav tsum tau DoH" ntawm cov khoos phis tawj sib koom ua keActive Directory cia siab rau DNS, thiab Windows Server DNS Server lub luag hauj lwm tsis txhawb DoH queries. Yog tias koj xav tau kev nyab xeeb DNS tsheb hauv ib puag ncig AD, xav txog kev siv IPsec cov cai nruab nrab ntawm cov neeg siv khoom thiab cov neeg daws teeb meem sab hauv.

Yog hais tias koj xav nyob rau hauv redirecting tshwj xeeb domains rau cov kev daws teeb meem, koj tuaj yeem siv cov NRPT (Npe Resolution Policy Table). Yog tias tus neeg rau zaub mov qhov chaw nyob ntawm cov npe DoH paub, cov kev sab laj yuav taug kev los ntawm DoH.

Android, iOS thiab Linux

Hauv Android 9 thiab siab dua, qhov kev xaiv DNS ntiag tug tso cai DoT (tsis yog DoH) nrog ob hom: "Automatic" (opportunistic, siv lub network daws teeb meem) thiab "Strict" (koj yuav tsum qhia lub hostname uas tau lees paub los ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj; ncaj qha IPs tsis txaus siab).

Hauv iOS thiab Android, lub app 1.1.1.1 Cloudflare tso cai rau DoH lossis DoT hauv hom nruj siv VPN API los cuam tshuam cov kev thov tsis tau encrypted thiab xa mus rau lawv los ntawm kev ruaj ntseg channel.

Hauv Linux, systemd-daws teeb meem txhawb DoT txij li systemd 239. Nws yog neeg xiam oob qhab los ntawm lub neej ntawd; nws muaj hom opportunistic yam tsis muaj validating daim ntawv pov thawj thiab nruj hom (txij li thaum 243) nrog CA validation tab sis tsis muaj SNI los yog lub npe pov thawj, uas tsis muaj zog rau cov qauv kev ntseeg siab tawm tsam cov neeg tawm tsam ntawm txoj kev.

Ntawm Linux, macOS, lossis Windows, koj tuaj yeem xaiv rau hom nruj DoH tus neeg siv xws li cloudflared proxy-dns (los ntawm lub neej ntawd nws siv 1.1.1.1, txawm hais tias koj tuaj yeem txhais cov dej ntws lwm txoj).

Paub DoH Servers (Windows) thiab yuav ua li cas ntxiv

Windows Server suav nrog cov npe ntawm cov neeg daws teeb meem uas paub tias txhawb nqa DoH. Koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas nws nrog PowerShell thiab ntxiv cov kev nkag tshiab yog tias koj xav tau.

Cov no yog cov paub DoH servers tawm ntawm lub thawv:

Server Owner	DNS server IP chaw nyob
Cloudflare	1.1.1.1 1.0.0.1 2606:4700:4700::1111 2606:4700:4700::1001
Google	8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4 2001:4860:4860::8888 2001:4860:4860::8844
Quad9	9.9.9.9 149.112.112.112 2620:fe::fe 2620:fe::fe:9

Rau Saib daim ntawv teev npe, khiav:

Get-DNSClientDohServerAddress

Rau ntxiv tus tshiab DoH daws nrog nws tus qauv, siv:

Add-DnsClientDohServerAddress -ServerAddress "<IP-del-resolutor>" -DohTemplate "<URL-plantilla-DoH>" -AllowFallbackToUdp $False -AutoUpgrade $True

Yog tias koj tswj hwm ntau lub npe, NRPT yuav tso cai rau koj tswj cov domains tshwj xeeb rau ib tus neeg daws teeb meem tshwj xeeb uas txhawb nqa DoH.

Yuav kuaj xyuas seb DoH ua haujlwm li cas

Hauv browsers, mus saib https://1.1.1.1/help; nyob ntawd koj yuav pom tias koj lub tsheb khiav yog siv DoH nrog 1.1.1.1 los yog tsis. Nws yog ib qho kev sim ceev kom pom seb koj nyob li cas.

Hauv Windows 10 (version 2004), koj tuaj yeem saib xyuas rau classic DNS tsheb (chaw nres nkoj 53) nrog pktmon los ntawm lub console muaj cai:

pktmon filter add -p 53
pktmon start --etw -m real-time

Yog tias cov kwj tsis tu ncua ntawm cov pob ntawv tshwm rau ntawm 53, nws yuav zoo li ntawd koj tseem siv DNS tsis tau encrypted. Nco ntsoov: qhov parameter --etw -m real-time xav tau 2004; nyob rau hauv cov versions dhau los koj yuav pom qhov "tsis paub parameter" yuam kev.

Yeem: teeb tsa nws ntawm lub router (MikroTik)

Yog tias koj xav kom centralize encryption ntawm lub router, koj tuaj yeem yooj yim qhib DoH ntawm MikroTik li. Ua ntej, import lub hauv paus CA uas yuav kos npe los ntawm tus neeg rau zaub mov koj yuav txuas rau. Rau Cloudflare koj tuaj yeem rub tawm DigiCertGlobalRootCA.crt.pem.

Upload cov ntaub ntawv mus rau lub router (los ntawm rub nws mus rau "Cov ntaub ntawv"), thiab mus rau System> Certificate> Ntshuam los koom nrog nws. Tom qab ntawd, teeb tsa lub router lub DNS nrog rau Cloudflare DoH URLsThaum ua haujlwm, lub router yuav muab qhov tseem ceeb rau kev sib txuas encrypted tshaj qhov tsis raug DNS tsis raug.

Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias txhua yam nyob hauv kev txiav txim, mus saib 1.1.1.1 / pab los ntawm lub computer tom qab lub router. Koj tuaj yeem ua txhua yam ntawm lub davhlau ya nyob twg hauv RouterOS yog tias koj xav tau.

Kev ua tau zoo, kev ceev ntiag tug ntxiv thiab kev txwv ntawm txoj hauv kev

Thaum nws los txog rau kev ceev, ob qhov kev ntsuas tseem ceeb: lub sijhawm daws teeb meem thiab cov nplooj ntawv tiag tiag. Kev xeem ywj pheej (xws li SamKnows) Lawv xaus lus tias qhov sib txawv ntawm DoH thiab classic DNS (Do53) yog marginal ntawm ob sab pem hauv ntej; hauv kev xyaum, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov ​​​​qab txog kev qeeb.

DoH encrypts "DNS query," tab sis muaj ntau lub teeb liab ntawm lub network. Txawm hais tias koj zais DNS, ib qho ISP tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov khoom ntawm TLS kev sib txuas (piv txwv li, SNI hauv qee qhov xwm txheej qub txeeg qub teg) lossis lwm yam cim. Txhawm rau txhim kho kev ceev ntiag tug, koj tuaj yeem tshawb txog DoT, DNSCrypt, DNSCurve, lossis cov neeg siv khoom uas txo cov metadata.

Tsis yog txhua qhov ecosystem txhawb DoH tsis tau. Muaj ntau tus kws kho mob qub txeeg qub teg tsis muab qhov no., yuam kev tso siab rau pej xeem cov peev txheej (Cloudflare, Google, Quad9, thiab lwm yam). Qhov no qhib qhov kev sib cav ntawm centralization: tsom cov lus nug ntawm ob peb tus neeg ua yeeb yam suav nrog tus nqi ntiag tug thiab kev ntseeg siab.

Hauv kev lag luam ib puag ncig, DoH tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog kev ruaj ntseg cov cai uas yog raws li DNS saib lossis lim (malware, niam txiv tswj, ua raws li txoj cai). Cov kev daws teeb meem suav nrog MDM / Pab Pawg Txoj Cai los teeb tsa DoH / DoT kev daws teeb meem rau hom nruj, lossis ua ke nrog cov kev tswj hwm qib, uas yog qhov tseeb dua li kev thaiv kev sau npe.

DNSSEC txhawb nqa DoH: DoH tiv thaiv kev thauj mus los; DNSSEC validates cov lus tebKev txais yuav yog qhov tsis sib xws, thiab qee cov khoom siv nruab nrab ua rau nws tawg, tab sis qhov sib txawv yog qhov zoo. Raws li txoj hauv kev ntawm cov neeg daws teeb meem thiab cov servers tso cai, DNS ib txwm nyob tsis tau encrypted; muaj twb tau sim siv DoT ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm loj (piv txwv li, 1.1.1.1 nrog Facebook cov servers tso cai) los txhim kho kev tiv thaiv.

Ib qho nruab nrab lwm txoj hauv kev yog encrypt tsuas yog nruab nrab ntawm tus router thiab tus daws teeb meem, tawm hauv kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom siv thiab lub router unencrypted. Muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev ruaj ntseg wired tes hauj lwm, tab sis tsis pom zoo rau qhib Wi-Fi tes hauj lwm: lwm tus neeg siv tuaj yeem soj ntsuam lossis tswj cov lus nug hauv LAN.

Ua koj tus kheej DoH daws teeb meem

Yog tias koj xav tau kev ywj pheej tiav, koj tuaj yeem siv koj tus kheej daws teeb meem. Unbound + Redis (L2 cache) + Nginx yog kev sib xyaw ua ke nrov rau kev pabcuam DoH URLs thiab lim cov npe nrog cov npe tuaj yeem hloov kho.

Cov pawg no ua haujlwm zoo kawg nkaus ntawm VPS me me (piv txwv li, ib core / 2 kab rau tsev neeg). Muaj cov lus qhia nrog cov lus qhia npaj siv, xws li qhov chaw cia khoom no: github.com/ousatov-ua/dns-filtering. Qee tus neeg muab kev pabcuam VPS muab cov qhab nia txais tos rau cov neeg siv tshiab, yog li koj tuaj yeem teeb tsa kev sim ntawm tus nqi qis.

Nrog koj tus kws kho mob ntiag tug, koj tuaj yeem xaiv koj qhov chaw lim dej, txiav txim siab cov cai tswj hwm thiab tsis txhob centralizing koj cov lus nug rau peb tog. Hauv kev xa rov qab, koj tswj hwm kev ruaj ntseg, kev saib xyuas, thiab kev muaj siab.

Ua ntej kaw, daim ntawv ceeb toom siv tau: hauv Is Taws Nem, cov kev xaiv, cov ntawv qhia zaub mov thiab cov npe hloov nquag; qee cov lus qhia qub yog qhov qub (Piv txwv li, mus dhau "chij" hauv Chrome tsis tas yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv cov qauv tsis ntev los no.) Nco ntsoov xyuas nrog koj tus browser lossis cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus.

Yog tias koj tau ua kom deb li deb, koj twb paub tias DoH ua li cas, nws haum rau hauv kev sib tw nrog DoT thiab DNSSEC, thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, yuav ua li cas qhib nws tam sim no ntawm koj lub cuab yeej tiv thaiv DNS los ntawm kev taug kev hauv qhov tseeb. Nrog ob peb clicks hauv koj tus browser lossis kev hloov kho hauv Windows (txawm tias nyob rau theem txoj cai hauv Server 2022) koj yuav muaj cov lus nug encrypted; Yog tias koj xav coj cov khoom mus rau qib tom ntej, koj tuaj yeem txav qhov encryption mus rau MikroTik router lossis tsim koj tus kheej daws teeb meem. Qhov tseem ceeb yog tias, Tsis txhob kov koj lub router, koj tuaj yeem tiv thaiv ib qho ntawm cov lus tsis txaus ntseeg tshaj plaws-txog qhov chaw ntawm koj lub tsheb niaj hnub no..