Nta thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm ARM computers: txhua yam koj xav paub

Kab lus no caw koj mus raus koj tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub fascinating ntug ntawm ARM computers. Peb tab tom yuav saib xyuas lawv cov keeb kwm, lawv ua haujlwm li cas, lawv qhov kev siv lub neej tiag tiag, qhov sib txawv nrog lwm cov qauv tsim (xws li Intel thiab AMD's x86), thiab lawv lub zog thiab qhov tsis muaj zog.

Tsuas yog ob peb xyoos dhau los, yog tias ib tug neeg hais txog lo lus "processor", thawj qhov uas tuaj rau hauv lub siab yog cov khoom lag luam zoo li Intel o AMD, nrog nws cov npe nrov PC chips. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau xyoo tas los no, tus neeg ua si tshiab tau ua lub npe rau nws tus kheej hauv kev lag luam, hloov pauv txoj kev peb nkag siab hauv computer, xov tooj ntawm tes thiab txhua yam khoom siv digital: Cov txheej txheem ARM. Tab sis dab tsi tiag tiag tom qab no architecture? Dab tsi yog nws qhov txiaj ntsig zoo dua lwm cov txheej txheem ib txwm?

ARM processor ua haujlwm li cas? Cov ntsiab cai tseem ceeb thiab qhov sib txawv nrog x86

Tus yuam sij rau ARM architecture nyob hauv simplicity thiab efficiency ntawm cov txheej txheem qhia. Ua raws li RISC lub tswv yim, ARM CPUs ua haujlwm yooj yim heev (ntxiv, rho tawm, cov ntaub ntawv txav, dhia, thiab lwm yam) hauv ib lub sijhawm moos, tsis yog cov lus qhia nyuaj thiab ntev xws li CISC (xws li x86 los ntawm Intel thiab AMD). Qhov no txhais tau tias ARM nti tuaj yeem muaj tsawg dua transistors, uas nyob rau hauv lem implies:

• Kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg dua.
• Txo cov cua sov tsim.
• Tus nqi tsim khoom qis dua.

Hauv cov qauv tsim tshiab (xws li ARMv8 thiab ARMv9), ARM processor tuaj yeem ua haujlwm hauv 32-ntsis thiab 64-ntsis hom., sib piv thiab qee zaum dhau lub zog ua haujlwm ntawm nws cov x86 cov neeg sib tw hauv kev ua haujlwm txhua hnub. Cov core customization tso cai rau txhua tus neeg tsim khoom ntxiv cov chav tshwj xeeb, nthuav cov cache nco, ntxiv cov duab coprocessors lossis kev txawj ntse, thiab lwm yam.

Kuj tseem muaj ob hom kev ua haujlwm:

• ARM hom: 32-ntsis cov lus qhia, lub zog siab tshaj plaws thiab kev ua haujlwm
• Ntiv tes hom: 16-ntsis compressed cov lus qhia, qis zog noj thiab siab dua code ceev, zoo tagnrho rau cov khoom siv nrog kev txwv kev nco

Simplicity tsis txhais hais tias tsis muaj zog: Cov qauv tam sim no ntawm ARM muaj cov kav xa dej siab, cov kav dej, ceg twv ua ntej, thiab ntau lub cores., los ze rau qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm x86 chips zoo tshaj plaws, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov dej num uas lub zog efficiency tseem ceeb heev.

Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm ARM computers

Yuav kom nkag siab tag nrho qhov ua rau lub computer nrog ARM processor tshwj xeeb, peb yuav tsum saib tag nrho nws cov nta. cov lus qhia txog kev siv tshuab, ob qho tib si ntawm hardware thiab logical architecture theem:

• Kev Tsim Kho Vaj Tse RISC: kev qhia yooj yim, ceev ceev, tsawg transistors
• Core customization: Cov neeg tsim khoom tuaj yeem hloov kho tus qauv tsim, sib xyaw cov duab, AI, kev ruaj ntseg, thiab lwm yam.
• Ultra tsawg zog noj: zoo tagnrho rau cov khoom siv nqa tau yooj yim thiab cov khoom siv tsis muaj lub tshuab ua kom txias
• 32 thiab 64 ntsis compatibility: Cov tiam tshiab txhawb nqa ob qho tib si, txhim kho kev ceev thiab lub peev xwm nco.
• Cache thiab nco efficiency: Kev koom ua ke ntawm optimized L1 / L2 cache thiab cov ntaub ntawv tsheb npav
• Txhawb kev qhia ntxiv: hom ntiv tes xoo, SIMD txhawb nqa (NEON), ntab taw tes thiab txuas ntxiv rau kev txawj ntse hauv cov qauv tshiab
• Daim ntawv tso cai qhib: Txhua tus tuaj yeem tsim lawv tus kheej ARM-raws li chips los ntawm kev them cov ntawv tso cai tsim. Qhov no tau tsim ntau yam khoom lag luam thiab kev sib tw ntawm cov tuam ntxhab.
• Wide operating system compatibility: Android, iOS, Windows, Linux, macOS (ntawm Macs tshiab), thiab lwm yam

Nyob rau theem kev siv, Kev loj hlob ntawm ARM chips tsis txwv rau cov xov tooj ntawm tes thiab ntsiav tshuaj.; Muaj ntau thiab ntau ARM computers, laptops, mini PCs, servers thiab txawm supercomputers uas cia siab rau lawv cov efficiency thiab scalability.

Qhov zoo ntawm ARM computers tshaj Intel thiab AMD

Qhov zoo ntawm ARM architecture dhau ib txwm siv x86 processors (Intel thiab AMD) yog qhov pom tseeb heev. Ntawm cov ntsiab lus muaj zog yog:

• Unrivaled zog efficiency: kev siv hluav taws xob yog ntau me, uas txhais ua Ntau lub roj teeb lub neej rau laptops thiab txo nqi hluav taws xob rau cov servers. Qee tiam tshiab ARM chips haus 1W NW nyuam qhuav, piv rau 15-45W rau cov pa x86 chips.
• Kev txias ua kom yooj yim: los ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob tsawg, Lawv tsis xav tau cov kiv cua muaj zog lossis cov tshuab ua kom tsis muaj zog. Qhov no tso cai rau cov kiv cua tsis tsim, slimming thiab nyob ntsiag to.
• Tus nqi tsim khoom qis tshaj plaws: tsawg dua transistors thiab silicon, yooj yim los tsim rau ntawm qhov loj me, txo cov nqi thiab ua kom muaj kev tsim cov khoos phis tawj pheej yig.
• Kev yooj ywm thiab kev hloov khoCov neeg tsim khoom tuaj yeem tsim cov chips kev cai rau txhua qhov kev xav tau, los ntawm cov khoom siv IoT me me mus rau cov khoos phis tawj ua haujlwm siab.
• Kev hloov tshiab tas li: Kev sib tw ntawm cov tuam txhab lag luam (Apple, Qualcomm, Samsung, MediaTek, NVIDIA, thiab lwm yam) tsav innovation thiab txuas ntxiv txhim kho kev ua tau zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo.
• Kev txhawb nqa ntau lub platform: Nws yog ib qho uas pom ARM computers sib xws nrog Android, Linux, Chrome OS, Windows 10/11 thiab macOS, uas muaj enormous versatility rau developers thiab cov neeg siv.

Cov txiaj ntsig no piav qhia Vim li cas ARMs tau kov yeej lub ntiaj teb txawb thiab tam sim no tau sib tw tiag tiag hauv thaj chaw ntawm lub laptops, hloov pauv, mini PCs thiab servers. Kev tuaj txog ntawm Apple Silicon chips hauv Macs tau pom tias muaj kev sib npaug zoo ntawm lub zog thiab roj teeb lub neej tuaj yeem ua tiav, paving txoj hauv kev rau lwm cov tuam txhab ua raws li kev nplua.

Tseem ceeb tam sim no qhov tsis zoo thiab kev txwv

Tau kawg, nws tsis yog txhua qhov zoo. ARM computers kuj muaj cov kev txwv uas yuav tsum tau xav txog.:

• Tsawg software compatibility: ntau daim ntawv thov (tshwj xeeb yog cov tsim rau x86) Lawv tsis ua haujlwm ib txwm nyob ntawm ARM. Txawm hais tias muaj cov txheej txheem emulation (xws li Apple's Rosetta 2 lossis Prism ntawm Windows), kev ua tau zoo yuav raug cuam tshuam.
• Tsawg zog raw hauv qee qhov xwm txheej: Hauv cov haujlwm uas xav tau heev (kev kho video tshaj lij, kev ua si huab, CAD, kev ua haujlwm siab tshaj), ARM chips Lawv feem ntau poob qab qhov zoo tshaj plaws x86.
• Nyob ntawm optimizations: rau tau tshaj tawm ntawm nws, cov neeg tsim khoom yuav tsum tsim cov qauv tshwj xeeb ntawm lawv cov ntawv thov rau ARM.
• Txo cov khoom siv kho vajtse thiab cov khoom siv qis dua: txawm hais tias Nws hloov pauv sai heev, tam sim no muaj Tsawg dua kev xaiv rau 100% ARM-tshaj cov khoom thiab cov khoom siv hauv khw, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob hauv Europe thiab Amelikas.
• Cov kev txwv hauv kev ua si thiab kho kom haum: Gaming PCs feem ntau xav tau kev mob siab rau GPUs, ntau RAM, thiab kev txhim kho, uas tseem txwv ntau dua ntawm ARM dua li ntawm x86 platforms.

Qhov sib txawv, txawm li cas los xij, yog rau cov kev txwv no kom txo tau lub sijhawm, raws li cov tuam ntxhab thiab cov neeg tsim khoom vam khom rau ARM.

Hom ARM processors thiab thev naus laus zis evolution

ARM ecosystem muaj ntau yam sib txawv thiab tsev neeg, txij li thaum ntxov 16- thiab 32-ntsis chips mus rau qhov tseeb 64-ntsis tsiaj nyaum tsom rau servers, desktops, thiab high-end laptops. Cia peb saib cov tseem ceeb:

• ARM1, ARM2, ARM3: keeb kwm pioneers, dav siv nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov tus kheej lub computer thiab embedded systems
• ARM6, ARM7, ARM9, ARM11: Txhim kho kev hloov pauv hauv lub zog thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo, nrog kev sib koom ua ke cache, kev txhawb nqa multimedia thiab cov tsos ntawm SIMD thiab Thumb cov lus qhia
• StrongARM thiab XScale: chips tau ntawv tso cai los ntawm DEC thiab Intel, nrov heev hauv xyoo 2000s hauv PDAs, xov tooj ntawm tes thiab cov khoom lag luam
• Cortex-A, Cortex-R, Cortex-M: cov tsev neeg muaj feem cuam tshuam hnub no. Cortex-A rau kev siv lub hom phiaj dav dav (smartphones, ntsiav tshuaj, laptops), nrog rau ib leeg- thiab ntau-ntxhais versions, NEON, TrustZone, thiab multimedia muaj peev xwm. Cortex-R rau lub sijhawm tiag tiag (tsheb, automation), thiab Cortex-M rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsawg, nqi-zoo microcontrollers.
• Kua Silicon: Apple tus kheej ARM-raws li chips, los ntawm M1 mus rau M3, nrog Pro, Max, thiab Ultra variants, uas ua rau txoj hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub laptops thiab desktops khiav macOS.
• Snapdragon: Qualcomm's flagship range, dav siv hauv xov tooj ntawm tes thiab tam sim no hauv ultrabooks thiab laptops nrog Snapdragon X Elite thiab Copilot + PC tshiab.

Tsab xov xwm cuam tshuam:

Ib qho tshiab Surface Pro ntaus ntawv tshwm nyob rau hauv Suav ntawv pov thawj, teasing ARM-powered refresh.

Kev khiav hauj lwm qhov system thiab software compatibility ntawm ARM

Ib qho tseem ceeb yog software compatibility, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv desktop operating systems thiab kev siv:

• Android thiab iOS: Cov txheej txheem tsim los ntawm qhov pib rau ARM, ua kom muaj kev sib raug zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov xov tooj ntawm tes thiab ntsiav tshuaj.
• Linux: Kev txhawb nqa dav rau kev faib khoom xws li Ubuntu, Debian, Arch Linux, Kali, Gentoo, Oracle Linux thiab ntau ntxiv, nrog rau BSD (FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD).
• macOSTxij li xyoo 2020, Macs nrog Apple Silicon tsuas yog khiav ntawm ARM, nrog rau feem ntau cov apps ported lossis emulated siv Rosetta 2.
• Windows 10 thiab 11 rau ARM: Txhim kho cov qauv uas txhawb cov apps ib txwm thiab x86 emulation, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ua tsaug rau Windows 11 Copilot+ thiab nws lub cav Prism.

Qhov kev sib tw loj rau ARM computers tam sim no tseem yog desktop daim ntawv thov compatibility. Txawm hais tias muaj ntau cov apps nrov twb muaj cov ARM versions, tseem muaj cov software tshwj xeeb uas yuav tsum tau emulation lossis tsis ua kom zoo.

Kev ua lag luam thiab feem ntau cuam tshuam ARM computer manufacturers

Niaj hnub no, ntau lub tuam txhab thiab cov cuab yeej sawv cev ua tus trendsetters hauv ARM kev lag luam rau cov khoos phis tawj:

• Kua txiv: nrog nws MacBook, iMac, Mac Mini thiab Mac Studio raws li Apple Silicon. Tsis tas li ntawd, iPhone, iPad, Apple Watch, thiab Apple TV kuj siv ARM.
• Microsoft: ARM cov khoos phis tawj hauv Surface Pro X thiab Surface Copilot + ntau yam sawv cev rau Redmond qhov kev cog lus, nrog rau cov neeg txhawb nqa rau Windows thiab kev siv dag zog kom zoo.
• Qualcomm: thawj coj hauv xov tooj ntawm tes nrog Snapdragon, thiab tam sim no hauv ultrabooks thiab laptops nrog Snapdragon X Elite thiab Copilot + PC.
• Google: Chrome OS ntawm Chromebooks, nrog lub roj teeb zoo heev thiab Android app compatibility.
• Samsung, HP, Acer, Lenovo: Lawv muab cov khoos phis tawj, ntsiav tshuaj, thiab hloov pauv nrog ARM chips thiab pre-installed Windows 11 ARM, ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tswj hwm tus kheej thiab tsim qauv hnyav.
• Raspberry Pi: tus tsim platform uas tau coj ARM rau ntau lab tus neeg siv, txhawb nqa kev ua haujlwm, neeg hlau, thiab IoT.

Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm ARM thiab x86 (Intel / AMD)

Rau ntau, lo lus nug tseem ceeb yog: ARM processor tiag tiag txawv ntawm Intel lossis AMD x86 processor li cas?

• Hom lus qhia: ARM siv RISC, nrog cov lus qhia yooj yim thiab luv luv; x86 yog CISC, nrog cov lus qhia nyuaj thiab ntev.
• Performance ib watt: ARM ua tau zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev siv hluav taws xob, zoo tagnrho rau cov roj teeb thiab cov tshuab tsis zoo; x86 raw lub zog rau kev thov ua haujlwm.
• Kev Tsim Kho Vaj Tse: ARM yog modular thiab customizable, x86 yog ntau kaw thiab homogeneous.
• Kev sib raug zoo ntawm software: x86 muaj ntau xyoo ntawm cov software ib txwm muaj, tab sis ARM tau txav nrawm nrog cov apps thiab hla lub platform.
• Lub hom phiaj ua lag luam: ARM dominates hauv mobile, IoT thiab loj hlob hauv laptops thiab servers; x86 ntawm PCs, gaming thiab legacy.

Lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm ARM computers: peb tuaj yeem cia siab li cas?

El yav tom ntej ntawm ARM Nws tau tawm los ua qhov kev xaiv sib npaug heev rau cov khoos phis tawj, hloov pauv, mini PCs thiab, nce ntxiv, desktops thiab servers. Tus yuam sij yuav txhawb nqa cov neeg tsim khoom los txhim kho cov ntawv thov thiab txhim kho emulation, thaum tswj kev tsim kho tshiab hauv lub zog thiab kev ua haujlwm.

Apple tseem ua txoj hauv kev nrog nws cov Silicon thiab kaw ecosystem, thaum Microsoft, Google, thiab lwm cov tuam txhab lag luam tau twv txog kev nthuav dav thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm ARM. Cov qauv no yog mus rau cov khoom siv sib zog ntxiv, nrog kev tswj hwm zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm txaus rau 90% ntawm kev siv txhua hnub., tawm hauv lub zog nyoos ntawm x86 hauv keeb kwm yav dhau.

Kev suav toj roob hauv pes tau hloov pauv los ntawm ARM, uas tau ploj mus los ntawm kev ua tus neeg ua yeeb yam hauv xov tooj ntawm tes los ua qhov kev xaiv tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoos phis tawj thiab cov servers. Xaiv ib lub cuab yeej nrog ARM core cog lus ua haujlwm tau zoo, muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo, thiab lub neej yav tom ntej uas muaj kev tsim kho tshiab.

Daniel Terrasa

Tus kws kho tshwj xeeb hauv kev siv thev naus laus zis thiab teeb meem hauv internet nrog ntau tshaj kaum xyoo ntawm kev paub hauv cov xov xwm sib txawv. Kuv tau ua haujlwm ua tus editor thiab tus tsim cov ntsiab lus rau e-lag luam, kev sib txuas lus, kev lag luam online thiab cov tuam txhab tshaj tawm. Kuv kuj tau sau rau ntawm kev lag luam, nyiaj txiag thiab lwm cov vev xaib. Kuv txoj hauj lwm kuj yog kuv lub siab nyiam. Tam sim no, dhau ntawm kuv cov ntawv hauv Tecnobits, Kuv sim tshawb nrhiav txhua yam xov xwm thiab lub cib fim tshiab uas lub ntiaj teb kev siv tshuab muab rau peb txhua hnub los txhim kho peb lub neej.