Qhib cov ntaub ntawv SCSS tej zaum yuav zoo li yog ib txoj haujlwm txaus ntshai rau cov uas nyuam qhuav pib hauv ntiaj teb ntawm kev txhim kho pem hauv ntej. Txawm li cas los xij, kev nkag siab tias nws ua haujlwm li cas thiab qhib nws kom raug li cas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev hloov kho thiab sau cov qauv zoo. Hauv kab lus no, peb yuav tshawb nrhiav kauj ruam yog kauj ruam Yuav ua li cas qhib SCSS cov ntaub ntawv thiab tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov ntawv zoo nkauj no rau cov haujlwm hauv lub vev xaib. Yog tias koj npaj txhij mus dhia rau hauv lub ntiaj teb ntawm SCSS cov ntaub ntawv, nyeem rau!
1. Kev Taw Qhia rau SCSS cov ntaub ntawv thiab lawv qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho lub vev xaib
SCSS cov ntaub ntawv, luv luv rau Sassy CSS, yog qhov txuas ntxiv ntawm CSS cov lus uas muab kev txhim kho thiab cov yam ntxwv ntxiv los pab txhawb kev txhim kho lub vev xaib. Cov thev naus laus zis no tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom vim nws qhov yooj yim thiab muaj peev xwm los teeb tsa thiab hloov kho CSS code. Tsis tas li ntawd, SCSS cov ntaub ntawv tso cai rau koj siv qhov sib txawv, sib xyaw thiab ua zes, ua rau nws yooj yim los tsim cov qauv siv tau thaum tswj xyuas cov cai huv thiab nyeem tau.
Hauv kev txhim kho lub vev xaib, SCSS cov ntaub ntawv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev pab txhim kho kev ua tau zoo thiab zoo ntawm CSS code. Nrog SCSS cov ntaub ntawv, nws muaj peev xwm faib CSS code rau hauv ntau cov ntaub ntawv los npaj thiab tswj nws txoj hauv kev tswj tau ntau dua. Qhov no ua rau nws yooj yim dua rau rov siv cov qauv thiab zam kev rov ua cov lej tsis tsim nyog.
Tsis tas li ntawd, SCSS cov ntaub ntawv tso cai rau koj siv cov yam ntxwv siab heev, xws li mixins. Mixins yog reusable blocks ntawm code uas tuaj yeem suav nrog ntau qhov chaw ntawm cov qauv. Qhov no txuag lub sijhawm thiab kev siv dag zog los ntawm kev zam tsis txhob sau tib lub chaws ntau zaus. Nrog SCSS cov ntaub ntawv, nws tseem tuaj yeem siv cov kev hloov pauv, ua kom yooj yim rau kev kho thiab tsim cov qauv zoo.
Hauv luv luv, SCSS cov ntaub ntawv yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho lub vev xaib. Lawv muab kev txhim kho thiab cov yam ntxwv ntxiv uas ua rau nws yooj yim rau kev teeb tsa, rov siv dua, thiab tswj hwm CSS code. Nrog rau kev muaj peev xwm siv qhov sib txawv thiab cov mixins, SCSS cov ntaub ntawv tso cai rau koj los tsim cov qauv zoo nkauj thiab huv. Yog tias koj yog tus tsim lub vev xaib, tsis txhob yig mus tshawb nrhiav thiab ua kom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov thev naus laus zis hauv koj qhov project tom ntej.
2. Cov ntaub ntawv SCSS yog dab tsi thiab nws txawv ntawm lwm hom ntawv hom ntawv li cas?
Cov ntaub ntawv SCSS yog ib hom ntawv style uas yog siv hauv web programming kom yooj yim sau thiab teeb tsa CSS code. SCSS cov ntaub ntawv txuas ntxiv sawv cev rau "Sassy CSS" thiab yog ib qho kev txhim kho thiab muaj zog dua ntawm kev sau cov ntawv sau piv rau cov hom ntawv CSS.
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm SCSS thiab CSS yog tias SCSS txhawb nqa cov yam ntxwv uas tsis muaj nyob hauv CSS ib txwm muaj, xws li hloov pauv, txoj cai zes, mixins, thiab qub txeeg qub teg. Qhov no tso cai rau cov neeg tsim khoom sau thiab tswj hwm CSS code hauv txoj kev ua tau zoo dua thiab tsim qauv. Tsis tas li ntawd, SCSS cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem muab tso ua ke rau hauv CSS cov ntaub ntawv uas tuaj yeem txhais thiab nthuav tawm kom raug los ntawm browser.
Ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm SCSS yog kev siv cov kev hloov pauv. Cov hloov pauv hauv SCSS tso cai rau koj los txhais cov txiaj ntsig rov qab siv tau uas tuaj yeem siv thoob plaws hauv SCSS cov ntaub ntawv. Piv txwv li, yog tias tib xim siv ntau qhov chaw, koj tuaj yeem txhais nws ua qhov sib txawv thiab tom qab ntawd siv qhov sib txawv ntawd es tsis txhob ntaus nqi xim ntau zaus. Qhov no ua rau nws yooj yim dua los hloov kho thiab tswj cov cai, txij li koj tsuas yog yuav tsum hloov tus nqi ntawm qhov sib txawv hauv ib qho chaw rau nws siv thoob plaws hauv cov ntaub ntawv.
Lwm qhov zoo dua ntawm SCSS yog kev ua zes ntawm cov cai, uas tso cai rau cov cai kom tsim tau kom meej meej thiab meej. Piv txwv li, xav tias koj xav siv ib qho style rau ib lub caij hauv lwm lub caij. Hloov chaw sau cov neeg xaiv cais, koj tuaj yeem zes ib qho hauv lwm qhov hauv SCSS cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov no txhim kho qhov kev nyeem tau ntawm cov cai thiab ua kom yooj yim rau kev ua raws thiab nkag siab. Hauv luv luv, SCSS cov ntaub ntawv muaj kev hloov pauv ntau dua thiab ua haujlwm zoo hauv kev sau cov ntawv sau piv rau cov ntaub ntawv CSS ib txwm muaj. [Kom
3. Cov cuab yeej xav tau los qhib cov ntaub ntawv SCSS
Txhawm rau qhib SCSS cov ntaub ntawv, koj yuav tsum muaj cov cuab yeej tsim nyog uas tso cai rau koj hloov kho thiab saib cov ntsiab lus ntawm hom ntaub ntawv no. Hauv qab no yog qee qhov kev xaiv uas yuav pab tau:
1. Cov ntawv xov xwm kho kom raug: Ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau qhib thiab hloov kho cov ntaub ntawv SCSS yog kom muaj cov ntawv nyeem. Qee qhov kev xaiv nrov suav nrog Sublime Text, Nrig txog kev pom Studio Code, Atom lossis Brackets. Cov neeg kho no muaj cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb rau kev ua haujlwm nrog SCSS cov ntaub ntawv, xws li cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, autocompletion, thiab nkag tau sai rau cov lus txib thiab kev ua haujlwm.
2. SCSS Compiler: Cov ntaub ntawv SCSS tsis tuaj yeem txhais ncaj qha los ntawm lub vev xaib browser, yog li nws yuav tsum tau muab tso ua ke rau CSS ua ntej nws tuaj yeem tso tawm kom raug. Muaj cov cuab yeej sib txawv thiab cov tsev qiv ntawv uas tso cai rau koj los sau cov ntaub ntawv SCSS, xws li Sass, Tsawg lossis Stylus. Cov cuab yeej no hloov SCSS code rau hauv CSS code siv tau uas tuaj yeem txhais tau los ntawm browser.
3. Web browser thiab cov cuab yeej tsim kho: Thaum cov ntaub ntawv SCSS tau muab tso ua ke rau CSS, nws tuaj yeem qhib thiab saib hauv web browser. Nws raug nquahu kom siv browser cov cuab yeej txhim kho los tshuaj xyuas thiab kho qhov tshwm sim CSS code. Cov cuab yeej no tso cai rau koj los saib cov qauv siv, hloov kho nyob rau ntawm lub sijhawm thiab txheeb xyuas qhov ua yuam kev lossis tsis sib haum xeeb hauv daim ntawv style.
Nco ntsoov tias qhib cov ntaub ntawv SCSS yuav tsum muaj cov ntawv sau tsim nyog, SCSS compiler, thiab lub vev xaib browser. Cov cuab yeej no yuav cia koj ua haujlwm nraaj nrog SCSS cov ntaub ntawv, kho lawv cov ntsiab lus thiab saib cov txiaj ntsig hauv qhov browser. [Kom
4. Cov kauj ruam yog kauj ruam: Yuav ua li cas qhib cov ntaub ntawv SCSS hauv cov ntawv nyeem
Txhawm rau qhib SCSS cov ntaub ntawv hauv cov ntawv nyeem, ua raws cov kauj ruam yooj yim no:
1. Rub tawm thiab nruab SCSS-tshaj cov ntawv nyeem: Txhawm rau qhib SCSS cov ntaub ntawv, koj yuav xav tau cov ntawv nyeem uas txhawb nqa hom ntawv no. Qee qhov kev xaiv nrov suav nrog Visual Studio Code, Atom, thiab Sublime Text. Koj tuaj yeem rub tawm thiab nruab tus editor ntawm koj xaiv los ntawm nws lub vev xaib official.
2. Qhib cov ntawv nyeem: Thaum cov ntawv nyeem tau teeb tsa, qhib nws hauv koj lub computer. Koj tuaj yeem pom nws hauv koj daim ntawv thov zaub mov lossis tshawb rau nws ntawm qhov rooj.
3. Qhib cov ntaub ntawv SCSS: Thaum cov ntawv nyeem qhib, mus rau "Cov Ntaub Ntawv" ntawv qhia zaub mov thiab xaiv "Qhib" lossis tsuas yog nias "Ctrl + O" ntawm koj cov keyboard. Lub qhov rais pop-up yuav qhib yog li koj tuaj yeem taug qab cov folders hauv koj lub computer thiab xaiv cov ntaub ntawv SCSS koj xav qhib. Nyem "Qhib" ib zaug koj xaiv cov ntaub ntawv.
4. Npaj! Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem saib thiab kho cov ntaub ntawv SCSS hauv cov ntawv nyeem. Txhawm rau txuag koj cov kev hloov pauv, tsuas yog mus rau "Cov Ntaub Ntawv" ntawv qhia zaub mov thiab xaiv "Txuag" lossis nias "Ctrl + S" ntawm koj cov keyboard. Nco ntsoov tias cov ntaub ntawv SCSS yog qhov txuas ntxiv ntawm cov lus Sass, yog li yog tias koj hloov pauv thiab xav muab tso ua ke rau CSS, koj yuav tsum siv Sass compiler los hloov nws.
Los ntawm ua raws li cov kauj ruam no, koj yuav tuaj yeem qhib thiab kho cov ntaub ntawv SCSS hauv koj cov ntawv nyeem nyiam. Nco ntsoov khaws koj cov kev hloov pauv thiab khaws a thaub qab los ntawm thawj cov ntaub ntawv tsuas yog nyob rau hauv rooj plaub!
5. Nrov Text Editor Alternatives los qhib SCSS cov ntaub ntawv
SCSS cov ntaub ntawv tau siv dav hauv kev txhim kho lub vev xaib, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum ua haujlwm nrog CSS preprocessor, Sass. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tuaj yeem nyuaj nrhiav cov ntawv nyeem tsim nyog los qhib cov ntaub ntawv no thiab hloov kho. Hmoov zoo, muaj ntau ntau txoj kev xaiv uas tuaj yeem siv rau lub hom phiaj no.
1. Nrig txog kev pom Studio Code: Qhov no nrov heev thiab qhib cov ntawv nyeem yog qhov kev xaiv zoo rau qhib SCSS cov ntaub ntawv. Nws muaj ntau yam ntawm cov yam ntxwv, suav nrog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau SCSS, cov lus qhia kev cai lij choj, thiab lub tshuab ua kom ntse ntse. Tsis tas li ntawd, koj tuaj yeem nruab qhov txuas ntxiv ntxiv txhawm rau txhim kho SCSS ntsig txog kev ua haujlwm, xws li Live Sass Compiler lossis Prettier.
2. Sublime Text: Lwm cov ntawv nyeem tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom yog Sublime Text. Txawm hais tias nws tsis yog qhib qhov chaw, nws muaj ib tug dawb version nrog tag nrho functionality. Sublime Text muab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau SCSS thiab ntau qhov kev hloov kho tau zoo, xws li lub peev xwm los teeb tsa cov pob ntxiv kom ua haujlwm nrog SCSS cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim dua.
3. Atom: Raws li kev xaiv niaj hnub, Atom tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam heev ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom. Nws yog qhov qhib qhov chaw thiab cov ntawv nyeem customizable heev. Atom muaj cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau SCSS thiab txhawb nqa ntau qhov txuas ntxiv uas tuaj yeem pab koj ua haujlwm seamlessly. txoj kev ua tau zoo nrog SCSS cov ntaub ntawv, xws li Sass Compiler lossis Linter. Koj tuaj yeem kho nws cov tsos thiab teeb tsa yooj yim kom haum rau koj tus kheej nyiam.
Kev xaiv cov ntawv sau tsim nyog yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm nrog SCSS cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim dua thiab ua kom muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo. Cov kev xaiv nrov tshaj plaws no muab cov yam ntxwv tsim nyog thiab kev hloov kho dav dav kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom. Yog li ntawd, koj tuaj yeem xaiv qhov kev xaiv uas haum rau koj qhov kev nyiam thiab pib ua haujlwm nrog koj cov ntaub ntawv SCSS muaj txiaj ntsig.
6. Paub txog cov qauv ntawm SCSS cov ntaub ntawv thiab yuav ua li cas los ntawm nws
Ib cov ntaub ntawv SCSS yog cov ntaub ntawv code siv hauv web programming los siv cov qauv rau nplooj ntawv. Nws muaj cov qauv tshwj xeeb uas suav nrog ntau tus lej thaiv uas txhais tau hais tias hloov pauv, mixins, ua haujlwm thiab CSS hom. Txhawm rau taug qab cov ntaub ntawv SCSS, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab tias nws tau teeb tsa li cas thiab nws qhov chaw sib txawv li cas.
Thawj lub ntsiab lus uas peb yuav pom hauv SCSS cov ntaub ntawv yog zog. Cov no tso cai rau peb khaws cov txiaj ntsig uas tuaj yeem siv thoob plaws hauv cov ntaub ntawv, ua kom yooj yim rau kev teeb tsa thiab tswj cov qauv. Kev hloov pauv tau txhais tau siv lub cim "$" ua raws li lub npe sib txawv thiab tus nqi muab. Piv txwv li, "$color-primary: #ff0000;" txhais ib qho kev sib txawv hu ua "xim-thawj" nrog tus nqi ntawm liab.
Tom ntej no, peb muaj mixins, uas yog reusable blocks ntawm code. Mixins tso cai rau peb los txhais cov qauv uas tuaj yeem siv rau cov ntsiab lus sib txawv ntawm nplooj ntawv. Txhawm rau tsim cov mixin, peb siv lo lus tseem ceeb "@mixin" ua raws li lub npe ntawm mixin thiab CSS cov qauv uas peb xav thov. Txhawm rau siv cov mixin, peb siv lo lus tseem ceeb "@include" ua raws li lub npe ntawm mixin. Piv txwv li, "@mixin khawm-styles { ... }" txhais cov mixin hu ua "button-styles", thiab "@include button-styles;" siv cov mixin rau ib lub pob.
Thaum kawg, peb pom CSS styles lawv tus kheej. Cov no yog txhais los ntawm cov txheej txheem CSS cov cai, xws li cov xaiv, cov khoom, thiab cov nqi. CSS styles hauv SCSS cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua pawg chaws cim, uas pab peb npaj thiab tswj peb cov cai zoo dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem siv kev ua lej ua haujlwm y xaiv zes hauv peb cov qauv, tso cai rau peb ua cov lej thiab siv cov qauv rau cov menyuam yaus yooj yim dua thiab nyeem tau yooj yim. Paub tus qauv los ntawm ib daim ntawv SCSS thiab yuav ua li cas taug qab nws yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm zoo nrog cov qauv hauv web programming.
7. Yuav sau cov ntaub ntawv SCSS li cas rau hauv CSS siv rau hauv lub vev xaib
Txhawm rau sau cov ntaub ntawv SCSS rau hauv CSS rau siv hauv lub vev xaib, peb yuav tsum ua ntej kom paub tseeb tias peb muaj SASS, CSS preprocessor, ntsia. SASS tso cai rau peb sau CSS cov qauv zoo dua, nrog cov yam ntxwv xws li kev sib txawv, zes, thiab mixins.
Thaum peb tau teeb tsa SASS, peb qhib peb lub davhlau ya nyob twg thiab taug qab mus rau cov npe uas peb cov ntaub ntawv SCSS nyob. Tom qab ntawd peb siv cov lus txib sass –watch input.scss output.css los sau cov ntaub ntawv SCSS rau hauv CSS cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov no yuav tsim cov ntaub ntawv CSS hu ua "output.css" uas yuav raug hloov kho tshiab txhua zaus peb khaws cov kev hloov pauv rau SCSS cov ntaub ntawv.
Yog tias peb xav kho qhov tso zis ntawm CSS cov ntaub ntawv, peb tuaj yeem siv cov kev xaiv ntxiv hauv cov lus txib tsim. Piv txwv li, peb tuaj yeem siv qhov kev xaiv -style ua raws li ib qho ntawm cov txiaj ntsig hauv qab no: nested, nthuav, compact los yog compressed. Los ntawm lub neej ntawd, cov style yog "zes", uas qhia cov qauv nested zoo li hauv SCSS cov ntaub ntawv. Cov qauv "expanded" thiab "compact" styles tsim cov ntaub ntawv CSS nyeem tau ntau dua, thaum "compressed" tsim cov ntaub ntawv CSS tsawg.
Ntxiv nrog rau kev siv kab hais kom ua, muaj cov cuab yeej graphical muaj uas tso cai rau koj los sau cov ntaub ntawv SCSS rau CSS ntau qhov pom. Qee cov cuab yeej no txawm muab tus neeg siv interface los kho cov kev xaiv tsim thiab tso cai rau koj los saib ua ntej kev hloov pauv hauv lub sijhawm. Piv txwv ntawm cov cuab yeej no yog Koala, Prepros thiab CodeKit. Cov cuab yeej no tuaj yeem pab tau tshwj xeeb rau cov neeg uas tsis nyiam ua haujlwm hauv lub davhlau ya nyob twg lossis cov uas tab tom nrhiav txoj hauv kev nrawm dua los sau cov ntaub ntawv SCSS rau CSS.
8. Kev daws teeb meem tshwm sim thaum qhib SCSS cov ntaub ntawv
SCSS cov ntaub ntawv tau siv dav hauv kev txhim kho lub vev xaib los tsim cov ntawv khaws tau yooj yim dua thiab tuaj yeem ua tau zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, qee zaum teeb meem tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum sim qhib SCSS cov ntaub ntawv. Nov yog qee qhov kev daws teeb meem rau cov teeb meem feem ntau koj yuav ntsib:
1. Tshawb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv txuas ntxiv: Xyuas kom tseeb tias cov ntaub ntawv koj tab tom sim qhib muaj .scss extension. Yog tias qhov txuas ntxiv txawv, koj yuav tau hloov npe cov ntaub ntawv kom raug.
2. Xyuas seb koj puas muaj SCSS compiler ntsia: Txhawm rau qhib thiab saib cov ntaub ntawv SCSS, koj yuav xav tau SCSS compiler ntsia koj lub cev. Koj tuaj yeem siv cov cuab yeej xws li Sass lossis node-sass los sau koj cov ntaub ntawv SCSS. Xyuas kom tseeb tias koj muaj lub compiler ntsia thiab teeb tsa kom zoo ua ntej sim qhib cov ntaub ntawv.
3. Txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv syntax: Yog tias koj muaj teeb meem qhib SCSS cov ntaub ntawv, tej zaum yuav muaj cov syntax yuam kev hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Xyuas kom tseeb tias tag nrho cov code blocks raug kaw nrog curly braces thiab tias tsis muaj syntax yuam kev hauv cov khoom thiab cov nqe lus tshaj tawm. Yog tias koj tsis paub meej txog qhov tseeb syntax, koj tuaj yeem sab laj hauv online tutorials thiab cov ntaub ntawv kom paub ntau ntxiv txog SCSS syntax.
Nco ntsoov tias thaum ntsib teeb meem qhib SCSS cov ntaub ntawv, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau tshawb xyuas thiab nkag siab txog qhov laj thawj ntawm qhov teeb meem. Cov kev daws teeb meem saum toj no muab lub hauv paus ruaj khov rau koj los daws cov teeb meem feem ntau thaum qhib SCSS cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis koj tuaj yeem tshawb nrhiav cov peev txheej ntxiv, kev qhia, thiab cov piv txwv hauv online kom nkag siab ntau dua thiab daws cov teeb meem tshwj xeeb uas koj yuav ntsib.
9. Yuav siv qhov sib txawv, mixins thiab ua haujlwm li cas hauv cov ntaub ntawv qhib SCSS
Qhov sib txawv, mixins thiab cov haujlwm yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv SCSS cov ntaub ntawv programming. Nrog rau cov cuab yeej no, koj tuaj yeem txhais cov txiaj ntsig rov siv tau, pab pawg zoo sib xws, thiab tsim cov haujlwm kev cai kom txuag sijhawm thiab siv zog ntawm koj li CSS code.
Txhawm rau siv cov hloov pauv hauv cov ntaub ntawv qhib SCSS, koj yuav tsum xub tshaj tawm lawv siv lub cim kos npe "$" duas. Tom qab ntawd, muab tus nqi rau qhov sib txawv siv tus ":" tus neeg ua haujlwm ua haujlwm. Piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem tsim qhov sib txawv rau cov xim tseem ceeb ntawm koj lub vev xaib raws li hauv qab no:
«'scs
$primary-xim: #FF0000;
«`
Thaum koj tau txhais qhov sib txawv, tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem siv nws hauv koj li SCSS code los siv xim rau cov ntsiab lus sib txawv. Qhov no ua rau nws yooj yim kom tswj tau qhov sib xws hauv koj tus qauv tsim thiab tso cai rau koj hloov xim sai sai hauv ib qho chaw.
Lwm cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb hauv SCSS yog mixins. Ib qho mixin yog cov txheej txheem rov qab siv tau uas tuaj yeem muaj cov qauv CSS. Txhawm rau tsim cov mixin, siv lo lus tseem ceeb '@mixin' ua raws li cov npe piav qhia thiab cov qauv koj xav thov. Tom qab ntawd, koj tuaj yeem suav nrog cov mixin hauv cov xaiv sib txawv uas siv cov lus tseem ceeb '@include'. Piv txwv li:
«'scs
@mixin khawm-style {
background-xim: $primary-xim;
xim: dawb;
padding: 10px 20px;
}
.khawm {
@ suav nrog khawm-style;
}
«`
Thaum kawg, cov haujlwm tso cai rau koj los tsim cov kev cai logic thiab kev suav hauv koj li SCSS code. Koj tuaj yeem siv cov haujlwm ua haujlwm xws li 'tsaus ()' lossis 'lighten()' los tswj cov xim, lossis tseem tsim koj tus kheej ua haujlwm los ua cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb. Piv txwv li:
«'scs
@function xam-width($columns) {
$ puag-dav: 960px;
$tag nrho-qhov chaw: 20px * ($columns – 1);
$column-width: ($base-width – $total-space) / $columns;
@return $column-width;
}
.container {
dav: xam-dav(3);
}
«`
Hauv cov ntsiab lus, siv cov sib txawv, mixins thiab cov haujlwm hauv cov ntaub ntawv qhib SCSS yog a txoj kev ua tau zoo kev sau ntawv thiab tswj CSS code. Cov kev hloov pauv cia koj txhais cov txiaj ntsig rov siv tau, mixins pab pawg zoo sib xws, thiab cov haujlwm ua rau koj yooj yim los tsim cov kev cai suav. Muab cov cuab yeej no tso rau hauv koj qhov kev ua haujlwm SCSS thiab koj yuav pom tias lawv ua kom yooj yim rau koj txoj kev txhim kho thiab txhim kho lub koom haum thiab kev tswj hwm ntawm koj tus lej CSS.
10. Tshawb nrhiav cov peev txheej siab tshaj ntawm SCSS cov ntaub ntawv
SCSS (Sassy CSS) cov ntaub ntawv muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo los txhim kho qhov ua tau zoo thiab cov qauv ntawm CSS code. Hauv seem no, peb yuav tshawb txog qee qhov peev xwm thiab siv lawv li cas. hauv koj qhov project.
1. Txawv: Ib qho ntawm cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws ntawm SCSS yog qhov muaj peev xwm siv cov kev hloov pauv los khaws cov txiaj ntsig rov qab siv tau. Koj tuaj yeem txhais qhov sib txawv los ntawm kev muab nws tus nqi tshwj xeeb, xws li $ xim-thawj: #FF0000;. Tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem siv qhov hloov pauv no nyob qhov twg hauv SCSS cov ntaub ntawv, tso cai rau koj hloov pauv tus nqi hauv ib qho yooj yim.
2. Zes: Lwm qhov kev ua haujlwm muaj zog ntawm SCSS yog zes ntawm cov neeg xaiv. Qhov no tso cai rau koj sau cov cai huv thiab tsis txhob rov ua cov qauv. Piv txwv li, tsis txhob sau .navbar .menu-khoom, koj tuaj yeem siv nesting thiab sau .navbar { .menu-item {};}.
3. Mixins: Ib qho mixin yog ib qho rov qab siv tau ntawm cov lej uas tuaj yeem suav nrog rau lwm tus xaiv. Koj tuaj yeem siv cov mixins los txhais cov qauv sib txawv uas rov ua dua hauv koj cov cai. Piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem tsim ib qho mixin rau cov nyees khawm style thiab tom qab ntawd muab nws tso rau hauv cov pob xaiv sib txawv hauv koj qhov project. Qhov no yuav txuag koj lub sijhawm thiab tso cai rau koj kom huv si, tswj tau ntau dua.
Nrog rau cov peev txheej siab tshaj ntawm SCSS cov ntaub ntawv, koj tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov ua tau zoo ntawm koj li CSS code, txo cov style rov ua dua, thiab tswj kom huv, tswj tau ntau dua hauv koj cov haujlwm. Tshawb nrhiav thiab ua kom tau qhov zoo tshaj plaws uas SCSS muab rau koj!
11. Yuav ua li cas qhib thiab ua haujlwm ntawm ntau cov ntaub ntawv SCSS hauv ib qhov project
Qhib thiab ua haujlwm ntawm ntau cov ntaub ntawv SCSS hauv ib qhov project tuaj yeem yog qhov nyuaj rau cov neeg tsim khoom. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los daws qhov teeb meem no thiab ua rau koj txoj haujlwm yooj yim dua. Nov yog qee cov lus qhia los pab koj ua haujlwm tau zoo nrog ntau cov ntaub ntawv SCSS hauv koj qhov project:
- npaj koj cov ntaub ntawv: Txhawm rau pib, xyuas kom tseeb tias koj muaj cov qauv zoo hauv koj qhov project. Koj tuaj yeem muaj ib daim nplaub tshev tseem ceeb rau cov ntaub ntawv SCSS tseem ceeb thiab tom qab ntawd ib lub nplaub tshev cais rau txhua feem lossis ntu tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov project. Qhov no yuav pab kom koj khaws koj cov ntaub ntawv thiab ua kom yooj yim nrhiav thiab kho txhua cov ntaub ntawv.
- Siv import: Ntshuam yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv SCSS uas tso cai rau koj faib koj cov cai rau ntau cov ntaub ntawv thiab tom qab ntawd xa lawv mus rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb. Koj tuaj yeem siv cov lus '@import' los import lwm cov ntaub ntawv SCSS rau hauv koj cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb. Qhov no yuav tso cai rau koj faib koj cov cai rau hauv me me, ntau cov ntaub ntawv modular, ua kom yooj yim rau kev nyeem thiab tswj.
- Xav txog kev siv cov cuab yeej: Ntxiv nrog rau kev xa tawm, koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab siv cov cuab yeej ntxiv los ua haujlwm nrog ntau cov ntaub ntawv SCSS. Piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem siv CSS preprocessor zoo li Sass, uas tso cai rau koj sau tau ntau dua nyeem tau thiab teeb tsa SCSS code. Koj tuaj yeem ua kom zoo dua ntawm kev tsim cov cuab yeej xws li Gulp lossis Webpack, uas tso cai rau koj los ua haujlwm rov ua haujlwm dua, xws li tsim cov ntaub ntawv SCSS.
Nrog cov lus qhia no hauv siab, koj yuav tuaj yeem qhib thiab ua haujlwm ntawm ntau cov ntaub ntawv SCSS hauv koj qhov project tau zoo dua. Nco ntsoov khaws cov txheej txheem khaws cia, siv importing los faib koj cov cai, thiab xav txog kev siv cov cuab yeej ntxiv los ua kom koj cov haujlwm ua haujlwm zoo. Nrog rau kev ceev faj thiab cov kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws no, koj tuaj yeem yooj yim daws cov haujlwm nyuaj hauv SCSS.
12. Cov lus pom zoo kom tswj tau qhov kev ua haujlwm zoo thaum qhib cov ntaub ntawv SCSS
Nov yog qee qhov:
1. Npaj koj cov ntaub ntawv: Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum muaj cov txheej txheem teev npe zoo thaum ua haujlwm nrog SCSS cov ntaub ntawv. Koj tuaj yeem tsim cov folders rau cov khoom sib txawv, cov qauv dav dav thiab sib txawv. Qhov no yuav ua rau nws yooj yim rau kev taw qhia thiab nrhiav cov lej tshwj xeeb thaum tsim nyog.
2. Siv SCSS compiler: Txhawm rau qhib thiab hloov kho cov ntaub ntawv SCSS, koj yuav xav tau SCSS compiler. Qee cov cuab yeej nrov suav nrog SASS thiab LibSass. Cov compilers no tso cai rau koj sau cov qauv hauv SCSS, uas yuav cia li tso ua ke rau CSS. Qhov no yuav txuag koj lub sijhawm thiab kev rau siab los ntawm kev zam kom tsis txhob sau CSS code manually.
3. Kawm cov hauv paus ntawm SCSS: Ua ntej ua haujlwm nrog SCSS cov ntaub ntawv, nws raug nquahu kom kawm cov hauv paus ntawm SCSS, xws li nested selectors thiab variables. Qhov no yuav pab koj sau cov qauv huv thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua. Koj tuaj yeem nrhiav cov kev qhia hauv online thiab cov qauv code kom kawm thiab xyaum cov yam ntxwv ntawm SCSS. Nco ntsoov tias kev siv nested selectors thiab variables tuaj yeem txuag koj lub sijhawm thiab kev siv zog thaum sau ntawv thiab tswj koj tus cwj pwm.
Los ntawm kev ua raws li cov lus pom zoo no, koj yuav muaj peev xwm tswj tau qhov kev ua haujlwm tau zoo thaum qhib SCSS cov ntaub ntawv. Kev npaj koj cov ntaub ntawv, siv SCSS compiler, thiab kawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm SCSS yuav tso cai rau koj ua haujlwm sai dua thiab zoo siab dua. Tsis txhob ua siab deb los tshawb nrhiav ntxiv txog cov thev naus laus zis no txhawm rau txhim kho koj qhov kev txhim kho lub vev xaib ntxiv!
13. Cov lus qhia rau Debugging thiab Optimizing Qhib SCSS cov ntaub ntawv
Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb muab koj cov lus qhia ib kauj ruam los ntawm kauj ruam los pab koj daws teeb meem thiab txhim kho cov ntaub ntawv qhib SCSS. Ua raws li cov lus qhia no thiab tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj ntawm koj cov ntaub ntawv SCSS:
1. Siv cov cuab yeej tshuaj ntsuam xyuas: Ua ntej pib debugging thiab optimization, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev txheeb xyuas qhov zoo ntawm koj cov ntaub ntawv SCSS. Koj tuaj yeem siv cov cuab yeej xws li Sass Lint txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov yuam kev ntawm syntax, npe cov rooj sib tham, thiab teeb meem kev ua haujlwm. Cov cuab yeej no yuav txuag koj lub sijhawm thiab pab koj txheeb xyuas qhov ua yuam kev hauv koj cov cai.
2. Ua kom yooj yim rau koj cov cai: Ib qho ntawm cov kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws rau kev ua kom zoo rau koj cov ntaub ntawv SCSS yog ua kom lawv huv si thiab nyeem tau li sai tau. Tshem tawm cov cai tsis tsim nyog, xws li cov qauv tsis siv lossis cov cai sib npaug. Koj tuaj yeem pab pawg zoo sib xws siv cov kev cai nested lossis mixins, uas yuav txo cov ntaub ntawv loj thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm koj cov cai.
3. Txo cov ntaub ntawv me me: Txo qhov loj ntawm koj cov ntaub ntawv SCSS yog qhov tseem ceeb kom ua tiav kev thauj khoom ceev ntawm koj lub vev xaib. Koj tuaj yeem siv cov cuab yeej xws li "Sass Compression" txhawm rau txhawm rau koj li SCSS code thiab tshem tawm cov lus tsis tsim nyog thiab qhov chaw dawb. Nco ntsoov ua txoj haujlwm no ua ntej txav koj cov ntaub ntawv SCSS mus rau ntau lawm, vim nws yuav ua rau nws nyuaj rau kev nyeem thiab tswj cov cai hauv theem kev txhim kho.
Nco ntsoov tswj xyuas qhov kev tshuaj xyuas tas li thiab kev ua kom zoo hauv koj cov txheej txheem tsim cov ntaub ntawv SCSS. Cov lus qhia no yuav pab koj txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm koj cov cai, ua tiav kev ua haujlwm zoo dua, thiab tswj kom huv, nyeem tau ntau dua. Ua qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm koj qhov kev paub nrog SCSS!
14. Cov lus xaus thiab cov kauj ruam tom ntej hauv kev kawm qhib SCSS cov ntaub ntawv
Hauv luv luv, qhib SCSS cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tsis meej pem rau cov neeg uas tsis paub txog hom ntaub ntawv no. Txawm li cas los xij, los ntawm kev ua raws li cov kauj ruam hais saum toj no, cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem yooj yim dua li qhov zoo li.
Ua ntej, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom muaj code kho software ntsia uas txhawb SCSS syntax. Qee qhov kev xaiv nrov suav nrog Visual Studio Code, Sublime Text, thiab Atom. Cov code editors muab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm nrog SCSS cov ntaub ntawv.
Thaum koj tau teeb tsa cov cai kho software, cov kauj ruam tom ntej yog qhib SCSS cov ntaub ntawv hauv tus editor. Koj tuaj yeem ua qhov no los ntawm kev nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv qhov chaw ntawm koj lub computer thiab right-clicking ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Tom qab ntawd, xaiv "Qhib nrog" thiab xaiv cov code editor koj tau nruab.
Thaum koj ua haujlwm nrog SCSS cov ntaub ntawv, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov qee qhov kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws. Piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem siv cov cuab yeej zoo li Sass los sau koj cov ntaub ntawv SCSS rau CSS, ua kom yooj yim pom kev hloov ntawm koj lub vev xaib. Koj tseem tuaj yeem siv qhov sib txawv thiab cov mixins los rov siv cov lej thiab ua kom koj CSS huv thiab muaj kev sib koom ua ke.
Hauv kev xaus, qhib SCSS cov ntaub ntawv yuav xav tau qee cov kauj ruam ntxiv piv rau cov ntaub ntawv CSS ib txwm muaj. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog rau txoj cai code kho software thiab ua raws li kev coj ua zoo, koj tuaj yeem ua haujlwm zoo nrog SCSS cov ntaub ntawv thiab coj kom zoo dua ntawm nws qhov zoo ntawm cov koom haum code thiab rov siv dua.
Hauv kev xaus, qhib SCSS cov ntaub ntawv yuav zoo li cov txheej txheem nyuaj thaum xub thawj, tab sis nrog kev nkag siab cov ntsiab lus yooj yim thiab siv cov cuab yeej raug, nws dhau los ua ib txoj haujlwm yooj yim thiab ua tau zoo. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb tau tshawb nrhiav ntau txoj hauv kev los qhib SCSS cov ntaub ntawv, txawm tias siv cov ntawv nyeem, cov cuab yeej txhim kho kev sib koom ua ke, lossis ib qho tshwj xeeb compiler. Peb kuj tau tham txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua haujlwm nrog SCSS thiab yuav ua li cas nws tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua tau zoo thiab kev txhim kho lub vev xaib.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias thaum qhib SCSS cov ntaub ntawv, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom muaj ib puag ncig tsim nyog thiab xyuas kom meej tias koj muaj qhov tsim nyog kev vam khom. Qhov no yuav ua kom muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab tsis muaj qhov yuam kev.
Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub txog qhov hloov tshiab tshiab rau SCSS cov lus, vim qhov no yuav cuam tshuam rau cov yam ntxwv thiab kev ua haujlwm muaj. Ua raws li cov kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws thiab cov yam ntxwv tshiab yog a kev nyab xeeb txoj kev txhawm rau txhim kho koj cov txheej txheem kev txhim kho thiab nyob twj ywm nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no puas tau hloov zuj zus.
Hauv ntej, qhib SCSS cov ntaub ntawv yog ib qho txuj ci tseem ceeb rau txhua tus tsim lub vev xaib niaj hnub no. Nrog rau kev nkag siab txog cov hauv paus, cov cuab yeej tsim nyog, thiab kev kawm tas mus li, koj yuav npaj txhij los siv tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig uas SCSS muaj hauv koj cov haujlwm. Yog li mus tom ntej thiab pib qhib cov ntaub ntawv SCSS hnub no!
Kuv yog Sebastián Vidal, tus kws kho tshuab computer mob siab rau kev siv tshuab thiab DIY. Tsis tas li ntawd, kuv yog tus tsim tecnobits.com, qhov twg kuv qhia cov lus qhia ua kom siv thev naus laus zis ntau dua thiab nkag siab rau txhua tus.