Yuav ua li cas rau yav tom ntej-pov thawj koj lub PC: Quantum Protection yog dab tsi?

Nrog rau qhov tuaj txog ntawm lub quantum xam, peb ua ntej ib qho kev sib tw loj tshaj plaws rau cov ntaub ntawv kev ruaj ntseg hauv txhua qhov keeb kwm. Yog tias ua ntej nws txaus los siv cov algorithms uas tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab siv cov lej suav, tam sim no qhov xwm txheej tau hloov pauv ntau. kev tiv thaiv quantum Nws tshwm sim raws li daim ntaub thaiv tshiab muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv peb cov ntaub ntawv, kev hloov pauv, thiab kev sib txuas lus tawm tsam quantum supercomputers uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov txheej txheem classical tsis muaj txiaj ntsig.

Hauv tsab xov xwm no, koj yuav pom tias kev tiv thaiv quantum yog dab tsi, vim li cas nws tseem ceeb heev kom nkag siab txog hnub no, thiab nws yuav cuam tshuam li cas cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia ruaj ntseg rau cov tib neeg, kev lag luam, thiab cov koom haum pej xeem ib yam nkaus.

quantum shielding yog dab tsi thiab vim li cas nws tseem ceeb?

La kev tiv thaiv quantum, tseem hu ua quantum kev ruaj ntseg, suav nrog cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis thiab cov tswv yim tsom rau Ua kom tsis pub lwm tus paub, kev ncaj ncees, thiab muaj cov ntaub ntawv nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb uas muaj quantum computers.

Nws yuav tsum tau ua kom pom tseeb tias qhov txaus ntshai tsis yog qhov kev xav: quantum xam yog nce mus rau ntawm qhov nrawm nrawm thiab, thaum nws mus txog kev lag luam kom loj hlob, nws yuav muaj. xws li lub tshuab xam zauv loj uas nws yuav ua tau rhuav tshem lub ntsiab cryptographic algorithms uas niaj hnub no siv Internet, tuam txhab uas muag, lub xeev thiab txawm cov hluav taws xob DNI.

Qhov no txhais tau hais tias txoj kev encryption ib txwm muaj, txawm tias muaj zog npaum li cas, yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam. Yog vim li cas tus kev tiv thaiv quantum Nws tsim nws tus kheej raws li tus qauv tshiab, siv cov ntsiab lus ntawm quantum physics los txhim kho cov ntaub ntawv kev ruaj ntseg thiab txhim kho algorithms uas tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam los ntawm quantum supercomputers.

Cov yuam sij rau quantum tiv thaiv tsis yog tsuas yog nyob rau hauv hom algorithms nws siv, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv yuav ua li cas cov yuam sij rau encrypt thiab decrypt cov ntaub ntawv raug faib thiab tswj.Cov kev tshaj lij tshaj plaws ua ke ua ke quantum cryptography (raws li quantum physics nws tus kheej) thiab tom qab quantum cryptography (algorithms tsim los tiv thaiv txawm tias muaj zog quantum computers).

Qhov kev hem thawj dab tsi ua rau quantum suav ua rau kev ruaj ntseg digital?

Yuav kom nkag siab tias vim li cas peb tham ntau txog kev tiv thaiv quantum, koj yuav tsum nkag siab ua ntej Yuav ua li cas quantum xam hem kev ruaj ntseg raws li peb paub. Quantum computers, tsis zoo li ib txwm siv, tsis ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom uas tsuas yog 0 lossis 1, tab sis nrog qubits uas tuaj yeem nyob hauv ob lub xeev tib lub sijhawm (ua tsaug rau quantum superposition).

Cov yam ntxwv no ua rau qee yam kev ua lej, uas yav dhau los ua tsis tau lossis xav tau ntau pua xyoo nrog cov khoos phis tawj classic, ua tau hauv feeb lossis teev. Ib qho piv txwv yog qhov Shor lub algorithm, uas yuav tso cai rau lub quantum computer kom decompose loj heev rau hauv cov tseem ceeb tseem ceeb yuav luag instantaneously, yog li nullifying kev ruaj ntseg ntawm systems xws li RSA o ECC (elliptic nkhaus cryptography).

Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov kev nce qib thev naus laus zis no loj heev:

• Risk rau pej xeem thiab ntiag tug yuam sij: Cov txheej txheem encryption tam sim no, xws li cov uas tiv thaiv cov tsev txhab nyiaj thiab email, yuav muaj qhov tsis zoo.
• Kev tsis pub leej twg paub: Cov ntaub ntawv tiv thaiv hnub no tuaj yeem nthuav tawm tag kis yog tias ib tus neeg khaws nws tos kom muaj lub zog quantum txaus los tawg nws ("kho tam sim no, decrypt tom qab" nres).
• Ntau cyberattacks sophisticated: Cybercriminals thiab xeev yuav muaj cov cuab yeej tshiab los tawm tsam cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb.

Tshooj lej:

Tag nrho kev txhawj xeeb: Bitcoin raug kev txom nyem thawj zaug quantum nres hauv keeb kwm

Cov ntsiab lus thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm quantum cryptography

Hauv plawv ntawm quantum kev tiv thaiv yog qhov quantum crypto txiaj, uas tsis yog raws li kev xav tias qhov teeb meem kev ua lej nyuaj, tab sis ntawm kev siv ncaj qha cov cai ntawm quantum mechanics. Muaj ob peb lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua si, uas muaj kev ruaj ntseg theoretically unbreakable:

• Sib tshooj: Cov khoom xws li photons tuaj yeem nyob hauv ntau lub xeev ib txhij (0 thiab 1 tib lub sijhawm).
• Quantum entanglement: Ob qhov entangled particles tuaj yeem hloov lawv lub xeev tam sim ntawd thaum ntsuas qhov sib txawv, tsis hais qhov deb ntawm lawv.
• Heisenberg qhov kev cai tsis meejNws tsis yooj yim sua kom ntsuas lub quantum system yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam nws; ib qho kev sim eavesdrop ntawm quantum tseem ceeb tawm hauv kab thiab tuaj yeem tshawb pom.

Cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub cev no tso cai rau kev tsim kho cov phiaj xwm kev sib kis tseem ceeb uas muaj kev cuam tshuam tam sim ntawd. Daim ntawv thov dav tshaj plaws yog quantum key faib (QKD), uas yog tus ncej loj ntawm quantum cryptography tam sim no.

quantum key faib (QKD) ua haujlwm li cas?

La QKD Nws yog ib txoj kev hloov pauv rau kev tsim thiab sib koom ua tus yuam sij zais cia ntawm ob tog (xws li Alice thiab Bob) siv polarized photonsTus yuam sij tsuas tuaj yeem raug nyeem los ntawm tus neeg txais kev pab, txij li txhua qhov kev sim ntawm kev cuam tshuam hloov pauv lub xeev quantum ntawm cov photons, qhia txog kev nkag mus.

Thawj qhov kev lees paub QKD raws tu qauv yog BB84, tsim nyob rau hauv 1984 los ntawm Charles Bennett thiab Gilles Brassard. Nws ua haujlwm zoo li no:

1. Alice xa cov polarized photons (txhua tus tuaj yeem sawv cev rau 0 lossis 1, nyob ntawm nws txoj kev taw qhia) rau Bob los ntawm kev ruaj ntseg optical channel, feem ntau fiber ntau optics.
2. Bob ntsuas cov photons nrog random lim, thiab tom qab ntawd ob qho tib si sib piv (ntawm cov channel pej xeem) cov kev taw qhia siv.
3. Lawv tsuas khaws cov khoom (tus nqi) sib raug rau cov rooj plaub uas ob leeg siv tib qho kev taw qhia; qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib koom ua ke zais cia.

Lwm qhov tseem ceeb innovation yog qhov raws tu qauv E91, los ntawm Artur Ekert, uas yog raws li quantum entanglement kom ntxiv dag zog rau kev ruaj ntseg tiv thaiv txhua hom kev soj ntsuam.

Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm quantum tiv thaiv piv rau classical cryptography

La quantum crypto txiaj Nws muaj ib tug series ntawm txawv qhov zoo tshaj li ib txwm txoj kev:

• Unconditional kev ruaj ntseg: yog raws li txoj cai ntawm physics, tsis yog nyob rau hauv kev ua lej.
• Interception detection: Txhua qhov kev sim ntawm espionage yog inevitably pom vim kev hloov pauv ntawm qubits.
• Tsis kam rau quantum xam: Txoj kev quantum tam sim no tsis tuaj yeem tawg los ntawm quantum computers, tsis zoo li classical cryptography.

Nws drawbacks muaj xws li:

• Qhov kev ncua deb: Photons degrade nyob rau hauv qhov ntev-kev kho qhov muag cables, txawm hais tias satellites thiab repeaters yog nce mus sai heev.
• Muaj nqi: Kev siv QKD systems yuav tsum muaj peev txheej hauv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb thiab kev tsim kho vaj tse.
• kev cov nyom: Kev ruaj ntseg theoretical tej zaum yuav muaj qhov tsis zoo hauv cov khoom siv tiag tiag thiab kev teeb tsa.

Hom thiab cov txheej txheem hauv kev tiv thaiv quantum

Cov teb muaj ntau txoj hauv kev, txhua qhov tsom mus rau qhov sib txawv ntawm kev sib txuas lus thiab kev cia khoom:

• Quantum Key Distribution (QKD): kom ruaj ntseg pauv cov yuam sij zais cia.
• Quantum npib: Kev sim cov txheej txheem rau kev pom zoo thiab kev lees paub ntawm cov neeg tsis ntseeg siab.
• Quantum digital kos npe: txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm cov lus thiab kev hloov pauv.
• Cov txheej txheem ntxiv: Quantum Oblivious Transfer, txoj haujlwm-raws li tshuab thiab lwm yam kev sim siab hauv cryptology.

Siv cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov kev siv tswv yim ntawm kev tiv thaiv quantum

Cov kev siv ntawm cov kev tiv thaiv quantum Lawv twb yog qhov tseeb nyob rau hauv ntau lub sectors, ob qho tib si pej xeem thiab ntiag tug:

• Tsoom fwv thiab tiv thaiv: kev tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv sib cais thiab cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb.
• Nyiaj txiag thiab banking: Kev ruaj ntseg kis ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsis pub lwm tus paub thiab kev lag luam rhiab heev.
• Tseem ceeb infrastructures: Hluav taws xob tes hauj lwm, kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev sib txuas lus uas tsis tuaj yeem them cov ntaub ntawv xau.
• Quantum kev sib txuas lus network: tej yaam num xws li Suav satellite Micius thiab tes hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe thiab America.
• Kev pov npav xaiv tsa: Kev sim hauv kev xaiv tsa hauv nroog hauv Switzerland kom pom tseeb thiab kev ntseeg tau.

Cov piv txwv no qhia tias Quantum cryptography twb yog qhov tseeb nthuav dav thiab tsis yog kev cog lus yav tom ntej xwb.Cov tuam txhab thiab tsoomfwv tab tom nqis peev hauv cov thev naus laus zis no los xyuas kom muaj kev tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej digital tseem ceeb.

Kev nyuaj siab thiab teeb meem rau quantum tiv thaiv

Kev saws me nyuam thoob plaws ntsib teeb meem xws li:

• Scope teeb meem: QKD cov kev pabcuam ntawm optical fiber tseem txwv, txawm hais tias satellites thiab repeaters tau txhim kho qhov xwm txheej no.
• Ua haujlwm nrog: Kev koom ua ke tshiab quantum technologies nrog cov tshuab uas twb muaj lawm yuav tsum muaj kev hloov pauv thiab kev sib koom tes thoob ntiaj teb.
• Costes elevados: Cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb tseem sawv cev rau kev nqis peev tseem ceeb rau ntau lub koom haum.
• Kev txhim kho kho vajtseQuantum li yuav tsum tau high precision thiab stability, thiab tseem nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob theem.
• Cov kev cai hloov zuj zus: Cov qauv thiab cov txheej txheem tseem tab tom txhim kho, thiab kev tswj hwm thoob ntiaj teb tseem tsis tau txhais tag nrho.

Kev hloov mus rau quantum tiv thaiv: yuav ua li cas npaj

La adaptation rau quantum kev ruaj ntseg Nws twb tau pib hauv cov haujlwm tseem ceeb thiab cov tuam txhab ua lag luam xws li IBM, Google, thiab Apple. Nws raug pom zoo kom ua raws li cov kauj ruam no:

• Ntsuam xyuas quantum txaus ntshai: Txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov tshuab uas xav tau kev tiv thaiv mus ntev.
• Inventory lub cryptographic infrastructure: Txheeb xyuas cov txheej txheem tam sim no uas yuav tsum tau hloov kho kom tiv thaiv quantum tawm tsam.
• Siv cov txheej txheem tom qab quantum algorithms: nce qib mus rau cov kev daws teeb meem uas tiv taus kev tawm tsam yav tom ntej.
• Kev cob qhia hauv quantum technologies: cob qhia cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov tswv yim rau kev hloov pauv tau zoo.
• Optimize hybrid kev daws teeb meem: siv kev sib txuas ntawm classical thiab quantum cryptography thaum lub sij hawm hloov.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau ua thaum ntxov, vim tias thaum quantum computers ua rau muaj kev hem thawj tiag tiag, kev tsiv teb tsaws yuav nyuaj dua thiab raug nqi ntau dua.

Kev txhim kho tseem ceeb thiab cov qauv kev tiv thaiv quantum

Lub neej yav tom ntej yog nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov qauv ruaj khov thiab txhawb nqa kev sib koom tes thoob ntiaj teb, nrog rau cov koom haum xws li KEEB KWMCov kev kawm tseem ceeb tau ua tiav, xws li:

• Kev xaiv thiab kev xeem ntawm tom qab quantum algorithms uas tuaj yeem dhau los ua qhov yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb.
• Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm QKD kev lag luam infrastructures hauv kev sim network thiab hauv ib puag ncig tiag tiag.
• Initiatives xws li cov Quantum Safe Financial Forum (QSFF), koom tes nrog cov tsev txhab nyiaj thiab tuam txhab nyiaj txiag los txhim kho kev tiv thaiv.
• Kev cog lus ntawm cov tuam txhab kev sib txuas lus, kev pabcuam huab cua, thiab kev sib txuas lus tseem ceeb.

Lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm quantum tiv thaiv thiab cybersecurity

Kev nce qib hauv quantum suav sawv cev rau lub sijhawm los hloov kho cov kev ruaj ntseg digital, tsis yog kev sib tw xwb. Cov kauj ruam tom ntej, nrog rau kev sib koom tes thoob ntiaj teb ntawm kev sim, cov qauv, thiab kev xa tawm, coj los ze zog rau lub sijhawm uas cryptography yuav muaj kev nyab xeeb raws li cov cai ntawm lub cev uas txhawb nqa nws.

La kev tiv thaiv quantum Nws tau tshwm sim los ua lub hauv paus tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv peb cov ntaub ntawv, kev sib txuas lus, thiab cov cuab yeej digital hauv lub sijhawm uas physics thiab lej ua haujlwm sib koom tes los tsim kom muaj kev nyab xeeb dua.

Daniel Taus

Tus kws kho tshwj xeeb hauv kev siv thev naus laus zis thiab teeb meem hauv internet nrog ntau tshaj kaum xyoo ntawm kev paub hauv cov xov xwm sib txawv. Kuv tau ua haujlwm ua tus editor thiab tus tsim cov ntsiab lus rau e-lag luam, kev sib txuas lus, kev lag luam online thiab cov tuam txhab tshaj tawm. Kuv kuj tau sau rau ntawm kev lag luam, nyiaj txiag thiab lwm cov vev xaib. Kuv txoj hauj lwm kuj yog kuv lub siab nyiam. Tam sim no, dhau ntawm kuv cov ntawv hauv Tecnobits, Kuv sim tshawb nrhiav txhua yam xov xwm thiab lub cib fim tshiab uas lub ntiaj teb kev siv tshuab muab rau peb txhua hnub los txhim kho peb lub neej.