Yuav ua li cas txheeb xyuas SSD ua tsis tiav nrog cov lus txib SMART siab heev

Yog tias koj txhawj xeeb txog kev noj qab haus huv ntawm koj qhov chaw cia, koj nyob hauv qhov chaw zoo: nrog rau SMART technology Koj tuaj yeem cia siab tias qhov tseem ceeb SSD thiab HDD tsis ua haujlwm thiab txuag koj cov ntaub ntawv raws sijhawm. Kab lus no piav qhia. Yuav ua li cas txheeb xyuas qhov tsis raug hauv koj SSD siv SMART cov lus txib.

Tshaj li qhov xav paub, saib xyuas qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub disc yog qhov tseem ceeb rau lav qhov muaj cov ntaub ntawv thiab npaj rau kev muaj peev xwm thiab kev ua haujlwm. Lub hard drive uas ua tsis tau tejyam yuav cuam tshuam cov kev pabcuam, ua rau koj lub koob npe nrov, thiab ua rau koj poob nyiaj. Thiab thaum SSD tsis ua suab nrov ntau li HDD, nws cov tsos mob tshwm sim: ceev poob, ntaus ntawv yuam kev los yog cov ntaub ntawv poob vim cell hnav.

SMART yog dab tsi thiab dab tsi tuaj yeem (thiab tsis tuaj yeem) ua

SMART yog lub ntsiab lus rau Kev Saib Xyuas Tus Kheej, Kev Ntsuam Xyuas thiab Kev Tshaj Tawm TechnologyCov txheej txheem niaj hnub hauv lub firmware saib xyuas qhov sib txawv ntawm cov disk sab hauv thiab teeb meem ceeb toom thaum lawv pom tias muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ua tsis tiav. Lawv lub hom phiaj yog qhov tseeb: muab sijhawm rau koj thaub qab koj cov ntaub ntawv thiab hloov lub tsav ua ntej muaj kev puas tsuaj.

Txhawm rau siv nws, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua motherboard (BIOS / UEFI) thiab tus tsav nws tus kheej txhawb thiab muaj SMART enabled. Niaj hnub no nws yog qhov siv tau thoob ntiaj teb hauv SATA, SAS, SCSI thiab NVMe, thiab cov tshuab ua haujlwm niaj hnub cuam tshuam nrog nws yam tsis muaj teeb meem.

Cov kev ntsuas nws ntsuas suav nrog txhua yam: kub, reassigned sectors, CRC yuam kevLub sij hawm tig lub cav, tsis tuaj yeem nyeem / sau yuam kev, tseem tos sector suav, nrhiav kev ceev, thiab ntau ntau tus cwj pwm. Txhua lub chaw tsim tshuaj paus txhais thiab standardizes nws cov ntxhuav, nrog rau cov pib thiab cov nqi txais.

Tseem ceeb: SMART tsis ua khawv koob. Nws tsuas ceeb toom koj xwb. kev ua tsis tiav (hnav, muaj teeb meem kev siv tshuab, ua tsis zoo NAND blocks). Nws tsis tuaj yeem cia siab xwm txheej ceev xws li hluav taws xob surges los yog tam sim ntawd hluav taws xob puas. Cov kev tshawb fawb zoo li cov los ntawm Google thiab Backblaze qhia tias qee qhov nta muaj txiaj ntsig, tab sis Lawv tsis npog 100% ntawm kev ua tsis tiav.

Linux: smartmontools, cov lus txib tseem ceeb thiab kev sim

Hauv Linux, lub pob smartmontools suav nrog ob ntu: smartctl (console cuab yeej rau cov lus nug thiab kev xeem) thiab ntse (ib tug daemon uas saib xyuas thiab ceeb toom ntawm syslog lossis email). Nws yog dawb thiab sib xws nrog SATA, SCSI, SAS thiab NVMe.

Kev teeb tsa (piv txwv li Debian / Ubuntu): sudo apt install smartmontoolsHauv lwm qhov kev faib tawm, nws siv tus thawj tswj hwm; muaj nyob rau hauv Linux thiab BSD yog dav thiab Nws yuav tsum tsis txhob ua rau koj muaj teeb meem..

Ua ntej nrhiav cov units. Koj tuaj yeem sau cov rooj sib txoos nrog df -h los yog txheeb xyuas disks thiab partitions nrog sudo fdisk -lNco ntsoov: smartctl ua haujlwm ntawm lub cuab yeej, tsis yog ntawm kev faib; yog, on /dev/sdX or /dev/nvmeXnY.

Cov lus txib tseem ceeb nrog smartctl rau pib ua haujlwm nrog SMART ntawm ib qho disk tshwj xeeb:

• Tshawb xyuas SMART kev txhawb nqa thiab xwm txheej: sudo smartctl -i /dev/sda
• Qhib SMART Yog tias nws yog neeg xiam oob qhab: sudo smartctl -s on /dev/sda
• Saib tag nrho cov cwj pwm thiab cov cav: sudo smartctl -a /dev/sda
• Luv luv self-test (ceev): sudo smartctl -t short /dev/sda
• Ntev mus kuaj tus kheej (txiav): sudo smartctl -t long /dev/sda
• Cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev noj qab haus huv: sudo smartctl -H /dev/sda

Teem caij ntsuas luv luv txhua lub lim tiam thiab qhov ntsuas ntev txhua lub hlis nrog cron rau txo qhov cuam tshuam thiab muaj cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwmKhiav cov kev ntsuam xyuas thaum sawv ntxov los yog thaum lub sij hawm uas tsis muaj load; thaum lub sij hawm sim ntev koj yuav pom nce latency thiab poob hauv IOPS.

Cov cuab yeej naming conventions hauv Linux

Nyob ntawm tus maub los thiab interface, koj yuav pom ntau txoj hauv kev. Qee qhov piv txwv zoo rau kev lees paub cov tsav tsheb thiab cov tswj hwm: /dev/sd, /dev/nvmen, /dev/sg*Ntxiv rau cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb ntawm 3ware lossis HP controllers (cciss/hpsa), kev nkag siab txog txoj hauv kev tiv thaiv txheeb xyuas cov cuab yeej tsis raug.

Tej yam tsis raug thiab cov cav (ATA/SCSI/NVMe)

SMART khaws cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov tsis ntev los no thiab qhia lawv hauv daim ntawv txiav txim siab. ATA Koj yuav pom tsib qhov yuam kev kawg nrog cov xwm txheej thiab cov lej; hauv SCSI Nyeem, sau ntawv, thiab pov thawj tsis ua hauj lwm cov txee muaj npe; hauv NVMe Cov ntawv sau yuam kev raug luam tawm (los ntawm lub neej ntawd 16 tsis ntev los no).

Cov ntawv luv luv hauv cov txiaj ntsig yuam kev (pab tau rau kev kuaj mob ceev): ABRT, AMNF, CCTO, EOM, ICRC, IDNF, MC, MCR, NM, TK0NF, UNC, WPYog tias lawv tshwm sim dua, muaj ib qho teeb meem ntawm lub cev lossis kev sib txuas mus tshawb xyuas.

Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb los txheeb xyuas cov cwj pwm tseem ceeb los ntawm ID, uas feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev ua tsis tiav: 05, 10, 183, 184, 188, 196, 197, 198, 201, 230Ib qho kev nce ntxiv hauv ib qho ntawm lawv yog qhov cim tsis zoo.

SMART cwj pwm: yuav ua li cas nyeem lawv thiab qhov twg yuav tsum xyuam xim rau

Cov kev pab cuam tso saib txhua qhov parameter nrog ntau qhov chaw. Nws feem ntau suav nrog Identifier (1-250), Threshold, Tus nqi, phem tshaj, thiab cov ntaub ntawv nyoos, ntxiv rau cov chij (txawm nws tseem ceeb, txheeb cais, thiab lwm yam). Tus nqi normalized pib siab thiab txo nrog kev sivTshaj qhov pib ua rau qhov ceeb toom.

Ntawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev kuaj xyuas kev hnav lossis kev puas tsuaj, saib ntawm: Hloov_Sector_Ct (reassigned sectors), Tam sim no_Pending_Sector (tsis ruaj tsis khov sectors), Offline_Uncorrectable (yuam tsis muaj kev kho offline), Relocated_Event_Count (cov xwm txheej rov ua dua tshiab) thiab, ntawm HDD, Spin_Retry_Count (lub cav pib rov ua dua). Cov no muaj feem xyuam rau SSDs. Hnav Leveling suav y Program/Erase Failures.

Qhov kub yog qhov tsis sib haum xeeb, tab sis ua kom lub tsev hauv qab no 60 ° C Qhov no yuav txo tau qhov ua yuam kev. Tshawb xyuas lub chassis airflow thiab, yog tias tsim nyog, ntxiv NVMe heatsinks rau M.2 drives. zam throttling thiab degradation.

Windows: WMIC, PowerShell thiab CHKDSK

Rau kev kuaj ceev ntawm Windows systems koj tuaj yeem siv lub console classic nrog WMIC los yog PowerShell, tsis tas yuav txhim kho dab tsi ntxiv, thiab tom qab ntawd ntxiv nrog cov cuab yeej SMART ntau dua yog tias xav tau.

Nrog Command Prompt ua tus thawj coj, khiav: wmic diskdrive get model, statusYog tias nws rov OK, SMART txoj cai yog lawm; yog koj pom Pred FailMuaj cov tsis tseem ceeb thiab nws muaj feem cuam tshuam Ua ib daim ntawv luam thiab xav txog kev hloov pauv..

Hauv PowerShell, pib ua tus thawj coj thiab tso tawm: Get-PhysicalDisk | Select-Object MediaType, Size, SerialNumber, HealthStatus. Teb Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv yuav qhia koj noj qab haus huv, ceeb toom lossis tsis noj qab haus huv, pab tau rau tshawb xyuas cov teeb meem ntawm ib nrais muag.

Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas thiab kho cov ntaub ntawv qhov system tsis raug, siv CHKDSK. Khiav cov lus txib hauv qab no hauv console nrog cov cai siab: chkdsk C: /f /r /x los daws qhov yuam kev, nrhiav cov haujlwm tsis zoo, thiab tshem tawm cov tsav yog tias tsim nyog; yog tias koj xav tau phau ntawv qhia Kho Windows tom qab muaj kab mob hnyavTshawb xyuas tam sim no. Hauv NTFS, koj tuaj yeem siv chkdsk /scan rau kev txheeb xyuas online.

macOS: Disk Utility thiab Terminal

Ntawm Mac, koj muaj ob txoj hauv kev yooj yim heev. Ntawm ib sab, Khoom Siv Disk (Daim ntawv thov> Utilities): Xaiv lub cev tsav thiab nias Thawj pab kho cov ntaub ntawv system; ntxiv, koj yuav pom cov SMART xeev xws li Kev Tshawb Fawb lossis Tsis Ua Haujlwm.

Yog tias koj nyiam Terminal, khiav diskutil info /Volumes/NombreDeTuDisco thiab nrhiav txoj kab ntawm SMART xwm txheej. Yog hais tias muaj tseeb, ua pa; tab sis, thaub qab tam sim ntawd thiab xav txog kev hloov.

Linux ntxiv: dmesg, /sys thiab GUI nrog GSmartControl

Ntxiv nrog rau smartctl, nws tseem ceeb heev kom kuaj xyuas cov ntawv sau npe rau ib qho ntawm cov hauv qab no: I/O yuam kev los yog tswj lub sij hawm. Lub lim ceev yuav yog: dmesg | grep -i errorthiab complements nws nrog cov ntsiab lus zoo li failed o timeout.

Rau cov cuab yeej yooj yim cov ntsiab lus koj tuaj yeem nyeem cov kab ke xws li /sys/block/sdX/device/model los yog txheeb cais ntawm /sys/block/sdX/statPab tau thaum koj xav tau txheeb xyuas cov haujlwm thiab cov qauv tsis muaj lwm yam cuab yeej.

Yog tias koj nyiam graphical interface, nruab GSmartControl (piv txwv: sudo apt install -y gsmartcontrol) thiab khiav nws nrog cov cai tswj hwm. Nws tso cai rau koj mus Saib cov cwj pwm, khiav cov kev xeem luv / ntev, thiab cov ntaub ntawv xa tawm nrog ob peb clicks.

Pom zoo cov cuab yeej thib peb

Txhawm rau mus dhau qhov tseem ceeb thaum kuaj pom qhov tsis raug hauv koj SSD nrog SMART cov lus txib, koj muaj qee cov khoom siv nrov heev:

• CrystalDiskInfo (Windows) yog dawb, meej thiab sib xws nrog sab hauv thiab sab nraud SATA thiab NVMe; nws qhia SMART cov yam ntxwv, qhov kub thiab txias thiab sij hawm siv.
• HD Suab Nkauj Kho Siab Nws ntxiv cov duab qhia chaw thiab kev ntsuas ceev (nws muaj ib qho kev them nyiaj).
• Hard Disk Sentinel Nws tsom ntsoov rau kev soj ntsuam tas li, kev ceeb toom siab thiab cov lus ceeb toom; nws cov dawb version yog txwv tab sis muaj zog heev ntawm kev txhais SMART.
• GSmartControl Nws yog pub dawb thiab tso cai rau koj los khiav cov kev xeem thiab saib cov cwj pwm nrog lub graphical interface.

Cov cim qhia tias koj SSD lossis HDD nyob ntawm nws ob txhais ceg kawg

Sau cov tsos mob: Kev pib qeeb qeeb, kev kaw tsis txaus ntseeg, cov ntxaij vab tshaus xiav ntawm kev tuag (BSoD lossis ntsiav ceeb ntshai)Cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav tsis qhib lossis ua tsis zoo, tsis muaj peev xwm nruab lossis hloov kho, thiab tsav qhov ntawd ploj ntawm qhov system lossis BIOS / UEFI.

Ntawm HDDs, cov suab nrov tshuab (nias, squeaks, buzzing) yog qhov cim tsis zoo. Ntawm SSDs, nrhiav kev sau ntawv yuam kev. yuam kev thaum mounting ntim thiab ib qho kev nce rau hauv cov chaw reassigned los yog attrition suav. Yog tias cov teeb meem tsis sib xws, tsis txhob poob siab: Ua ib daim qauv tam sim no.

Yuav ntse: dab tsi los nrhiav thaum xaiv cov ntaub ntawv tshiab

Nws muaj nuj nqis rau cov khoom lag luam nrog lub koob npe zoo (Seagate, WD, Toshiba, Samsung), tipo de unidad (SSD rau kev ceev, HDD rau lub peev xwm), interface (SATA, NVMe hauv M.2 / PCIe), cache, thiab cua sov dissipation. muaj peev xwm Nws yog advisable kom overestimate nws me ntsis saum koj xav tau tiag tiag.

Khij cov tshaj tawm durability (TBW ntawm SSD, lav, MTBF nrog ceev faj), lub Xav siv (NAS qauv feem ntau ua tau zoo thiab tuav RAID zoo dua) thiab pob nyiaj siv: qee zaum them me ntsis ntxiv muab rau koj kev thaj yeeb ntawm lub siab thiab lub neej muaj txiaj ntsig.

Kev txwv ntawm SMART: cov ntsiab lus thiab kev tshawb fawb

SMART muaj txiaj ntsig tab sis tsis zoo: muaj inconsistencies ntawm manufacturers Hauv cov ntsiab lus thiab kev tsim qauv, qee cov cwj pwm tseem ceeb heev (reassigned, tos, uncorrectable), hos lwm tus pab me ntsis. Backblaze taw qhia tias tsuas yog ib txhais tes ntawm tus cwj pwm Nws sib raug zoo nrog kev ua tsis tiav, thiab Google pom cov xwm txheej ntawm ua tsis tiav yam tsis tau qhia ua ntej.

Qhov no txhais li cas? Nws txhais tau hais tias SMART pab xav txog ntau yam teeb meem, tab sis koj lub tswv yim yuav tsum ua ke saib xyuas, redundancy (RAID), thaub qab thiab rov qab. Tsis txhob cia siab rau lub teeb ntsuab.

Yog tias lub cuab yeej lossis qhov system qhia Ceeb Toom/Predictable Fail/Unhealthy1) Luam ntau li ntau tau tam sim no, 2) Siv tau nrog lwm cov khoom siv kom paub meej, 3) Teem caij hloov tam sim ntawdTom qab ua qhov hloov pauv, xyuas RAID yog tias tsim nyog kom zam kev tsim kho kev pheej hmoo.

Ua raws li qhov tseem ceeb yuav pab: SMART ceeb toom koj txog ntau yam teeb meem uas tab tom tuaj.Tab sis tsis yog txhua tus ntawm lawv; txoj hauv kev ntse ua haujlwm yog los ua ke nrog cov kev ntsuam xyuas tau teem tseg, thaub qab zoo, thiab txoj cai hloov pauv meej thaum cov ntsuas tseem ceeb pib txav mus.