Cellular physiology yog ib qho kev qhuab qhia tseem ceeb hauv kev kawm txog cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb uas tshwm sim ntawm qib microscopic hauv cov kab mob nyob. Tshwj xeeb, kev ncig ntawm tes ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev faib cov khoom noj khoom haus, tshem tawm cov khoom pov tseg, thiab kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cov kabmob sib txawv. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav tshawb txog qhov tob ntawm cov txheej txheem koom nrog hauv cellular physiology ntawm kev ncig thiab nws qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev. Los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev thauj mus los nquag thiab tsis muaj zog, mus rau kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov hlwb thiab cov ntshav ntws, peb yuav tshuaj xyuas cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam nrog kev sib koom tes ntawm tes ntawm tes. Npaj rau koj tus kheej rau hauv lub ntiaj teb fascinating ntawm cellular physiology ntawm kev ncig.
Taw qhia rau Cellular Physiology ntawm Circulation
Cellular physiology yog ib qho kev lom zem thiab ntau yam kev ua haujlwm uas tsom mus rau kev ua haujlwm thiab kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov hlwb hauv lub cev. Hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev ncig, cellular physiology plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev nkag siab yuav ua li cas cov hlwb hloov thiab teb rau qhov xav tau ntawm cov hlab ntsha. Los ntawm kev kawm txog cov txheej txheem cellular tshwj xeeb uas tshwm sim hauv ntau hom hlwb hauv kev ncig, peb tuaj yeem nkag siab tob txog seb cov ntshav siab tswj hwm li cas, cov khoom noj khoom haus thauj mus li cas, thiab kev tswj cov ntshav li cas ntawm lwm yam tseem ceeb.
Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov cellular physiology ntawm circulation yog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlwb endothelial, uas yog kab hauv cov hlab ntsha hauv cov hlab ntsha. Cov hlwb no yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev tswj cov ntshav khiav, tsim cov vasodilator lossis vasoconstrictor molecules hauv kev teb rau cov teeb liab los ntawm ib puag ncig. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov hlwb endothelial tseem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov ntshav txhaws thiab cuam tshuam nrog cov kab mob inflammatory thaum lub sijhawm kho qhov txhab.
Lwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub cellular physiology ntawm kev ncig yog lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov qe ntshav liab, tseem hu ua erythrocytes. Cov hlwb no muaj lub luag haujlwm thauj cov pa oxygen thoob plaws hauv lub cev thiab tseem pab tshem tawm cov khoom pov tseg kom ua tiav cov haujlwm no, cov qe ntshav liab muaj cov duab tshwj xeeb thiab muaj cov hemoglobin ntau, cov protein uas khi cov pa. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov qe ntshav liab kuj muaj peev xwm deforming kom dhau los ntawm cov hlab ntsha nqaim tshaj plaws, tso cai rau lawv mus txog tag nrho cov ntaub so ntswg hauv lub cev.
Nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus, lub cellular physiology ntawm lub ncig yog ib tug fascinating teb uas tso cai rau peb to taub nyob rau hauv nthuav dav li cas hlwb nyob rau hauv lub system circulatory system cuam tshuam thiab teb rau cov kev hloov hauv lub cev. Txoj kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov hlwb endothelial thiab cov qe ntshav liab nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev ncig tsis tsuas yog pab peb nkag siab txog lub cev lub cev, tab sis kuj tso cai rau peb kom nkag siab zoo txog cov kab mob plawv thiab txhim kho cov tswv yim kho tshiab.
Cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov cell ntawm cov hlab ntsha
Lub circulatory system yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev thauj cov as-ham thiab oxygen, nrog rau kev tshem tawm cov pov tseg thiab cov tshuaj lom. hauv peb lub cev. Cov hlwb uas tsim cov kab ke no qhia txog cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm uas tso cai rau lawv ua cov haujlwm tseem ceeb no.
Cov hlwb ntawm lub circulatory system tau muab faib ua peb hom: cov qe ntshav, endothelial hlwb, thiab cov leeg nqaij du. Txhua hom plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlab ntsha.
Cov qe ntshav, xws li erythrocytes, leukocytes thiab platelets, yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb. Erythrocytes muaj hemoglobin, cov protein uas khi rau oxygen thiab thauj nws los ntawm cov hlab ntsha. Leukocytes, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog cov hlwb tseem ceeb ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab muaj lub luag haujlwm rau kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab kab mob. Platelets, rau lawv feem, yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov ntshav txhaws thiab tiv thaiv los ntshav.
Endothelial hlwb, rau lawv feem, kab hauv cov hlab ntsha thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj cov ntshav khiav thiab vascular permeability. Cov hlwb no tuaj yeem cog lus lossis nthuav dav los tswj cov ntshav ntws los ntawm cov hlab ntsha thiab tseem koom nrog hauv kev sib txuas lus thiab kev nrhiav neeg lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.
Thaum kawg, cov leeg nqaij du tau pom ntawm phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha thiab tseem ceeb heev rau lawv cov contraction thiab so. Qhov kev tswj xyuas kev cog lus thiab so kom txaus tso cai rau koj tswj cov ntshav khiav, tswj cov ntshav txaus thiab faib txoj kev ua haujlwm tau zoo ntshav mus rau lwm yam kabmob thiab cov ntaub so ntswg.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov proteins hauv cellular ncig
Proteins ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cellular ncig los ntawm kev koom nrog ntau yam cov haujlwm tseem ceeb Rau kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov kab mob muaj sia, Cov molecules no ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev thauj cov khoom noj khoom haus thiab cov khoom pov tseg thoob plaws hauv cov cell membrane, nrog rau kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov hlwb thiab hauv kev tswj cov txheej txheem metabolic.
Ua ntej, membrane proteins yog lub luag hauj lwm rau thauj cov molecules hla lub cell membrane. Los ntawm lawv cov qauv tshwj xeeb, cov proteins no tsim cov channel thiab cov twj tso kua mis uas tso cai rau kev nkag mus ntawm cov khoom tshwj xeeb, xws li amino acids, qabzib, thiab ions. Cov kev cai no nyob rau hauv cov dej ntws ntawm cov as-ham yog qhov tseem ceeb los tswj qhov sib npaug sab hauv ntawm tes thiab xyuas kom nws ua haujlwm zoo.
Ntxiv rau lawv lub luag haujlwm hauv kev thauj mus los, cov proteins kuj muaj lub luag haujlwm rau kev sib txuas lus ntawm tes. Los ntawm daim nyias nyias receptors, cov proteins tuaj yeem paub txog cov cim qhia tshuaj lom neeg los ntawm lwm lub hlwb, xws li cov tshuaj hormones lossis neurotransmitters, thiab xa mus rau hauv lub cell. Qhov kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm receptor proteins thiab cov teeb liab molecules ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov xwm txheej uas tswj cov lus teb ntawm tes, txawm nyob hauv cell faib, sib txawv los yog hloov mus rau ib puag ncig kev hloov pauv.
Dynamics ntawm extracellular kua ncig
Cov kua dej ntws hauv lub cev tib neeg:
Extracellular kua plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj cov dej sib npaug thiab homeostasis ntawm lub cev. lub cev tib neeg. Nws yog tsim los ntawm cov kua dej interstitial thiab ntshav plasma, thiab nws txoj kev zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cov kabmob. Nws tau tswj hwm los ntawm ntau yam kev siv tshuab thiab cov txheej txheem extrinsic, yog li lav nws qhov kev pom zoo.
Circulation mechanisms:
Muaj ob peb yam uas ua rau cov. Ntawm no yog:
- Hydrostatic siab: lub zog quab yuam los ntawm lub plawv ua rau cov ntshav ntws los ntawm cov hlab ntsha, ua rau lub siab hydrostatic uas txhawb kev sib pauv ntawm cov kua dej ntawm cov ntshav thiab cov kua dej sib txuas.
- Osmotic siab: qhov sib txawv ntawm cov concentration ntawm cov kua nruab nrab ntawm cov ntshav thiab cov kua nruab nrog cev ua rau lub siab osmotic uas tseem ua rau cov kua dej ntxiv.
- Membrane permeability: Cov khoom permeability ntawm cov cell membranes thiab cov ntshav capillaries cuam tshuam rau kev tswj cov kua dej, tso cai rau kev sib pauv ntawm cov kuab tshuaj thiab tshem tawm cov khoom pov tseg hauv metabolic.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua kom zoo:
Kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov kua dej ntxiv yog qhov tseem ceeb los tswj cov dej sib npaug, thauj cov as-ham thiab oxygen mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg, nrog rau kev tshem tawm cov khoom pov tseg hauv metabolic. Ib qho kev hloov pauv hauv qhov kev hloov pauv no tuaj yeem muaj qhov tshwm sim loj. rau kev noj qab haus huv, xws li cov kua dej tuav, tsim ntawm edema lossis txo cov ntshav siab. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab txog cov hauv paus ntawm , txij li qhov no muab cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb rau peb rau kev kuaj mob thiab kev kho mob ntawm ntau yam kab mob ntsig txog kev tswj hwm lub cev kua.
Kev thauj cov as-ham thiab oxygen hauv cov hlab ntsha
Nws yog ib txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb los tswj kev ua haujlwm ntawm peb lub cev. Ua tsaug rau cov txheej txheem nyuaj thiab ua tau zoo, peb lub hlwb tau txais cov khoom tsim nyog los ua nws cov haujlwm Cov txheej txheem metabolic thiab tau txais lub zog xav tau.
Cov ntshav, los ntawm cov hlab ntsha, yog lub luag haujlwm rau thauj cov as-ham thiab oxygen los ntawm cov khoom nruab nrog cev mus rau cov hlwb uas xav tau. Yuav kom ua tiav qhov no, cov hlab ntsha muaj cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb uas ua kom muaj kev ncaj ncees thiab raws sijhawm.
Kev thauj khoom noj khoom haus yog nqa tawm los ntawm cov hlab plawv system. Ntshav nqa ntau yam khoom tsim nyog rau cov hlwb, xws li qabzib, amino acids, lipids, vitamins thiab minerals. Cov tshuaj no yog absorbed thiab ua tiav ntawm txoj hnyuv, thiab tom qab ntawd thauj los ntawm cov hlab ntsha mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cov kabmob uas xav tau lawv.
Kev tswj hwm thiab kev tswj ntawm cellular ncig
Kev tswj hwm thiab kev tswj hwm ntawm tes ntawm tes yog cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb uas ua kom muaj kev ua haujlwm raug ntawm cov kab mob nyob. Los ntawm cov txheej txheem sib txawv thiab sib koom ua ke, cov hlwb tuaj yeem tswj hwm lawv lub neej voj voog, sib txawv, thiab tswj hwm homeostasis hauv qhov chaw hloov pauv.
Muaj ob peb yam tseem ceeb hauv cov kev cai thiab kev tswj hwm ntawm tes. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog lub voj voog ntawm tes, uas muaj ib qho kev txiav txim ib ntus ntawm cov xwm txheej uas tso cai rau cov hlwb loj hlob thiab sib faib. Lub voj voog no tau muab faib ua plaub theem tseem ceeb: theem G1, qhov chaw ntawm lub cell loj hlob thiab ua nws txoj haujlwm ib txwm muaj; theem S, qhov twg cov khoom siv caj ces yog duplicated; theem G2, qhov twg lub cell npaj rau kev faib; thiab M theem, qhov chaw faib cell tshwm sim.
Dhau li ntawm ntawm lub voj voog ntawm tes, kev tswj ntawm cellular ncig kuj muaj cov kev cai ntawm kev tuag ntawm cov hlwb programmed, hu ua apoptosis. Apoptosis Nws yog ib qho txheej txheem tswj tau zoo heev uas tso cai rau tshem tawm cov hlwb puas, tsis tsim nyog lossis muaj peev xwm txaus ntshai. Thaum lub sij hawm apoptosis, cov hlwb ua kom muaj protein ntau uas ua rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm lawv cov DNA thiab cov proteins, thiab thaum kawg ua rau kev tawg ntawm tes thiab kev nyab xeeb tshem tawm los ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.
Kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov hlwb circulatory thiab hloov pauv pathological
Kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov hlab ntshav thiab cov kev hloov pauv pathological yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev nkag siab txog kev txhim kho cov kab mob thiab nrhiav cov tswv yim kho mob zoo. Hauv kev lag luam tshuaj, ntau lub circulatory hlwb, xws li cov qe ntshav dawb thiab platelets, tau pom tias ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm o thiab kho cov ntaub so ntswg. Cov hlwb no cuam tshuam nrog ib leeg thiab nrog rau lwm yam ntawm cov hlab ntsha, xws li cov hlab ntsha thiab cov ntshav plasma protein, kom tswj hwm homeostasis thiab teb rau cov kev hloov pauv pathological.
Ib qho ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb kev sib cuam tshuam feem ntau yog kev tsiv teb tsaws ntawm cov qe ntshav dawb mus rau qhov chaw ntawm qhov mob. Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug kab mob los yog raug mob, cov qe ntshav dawb tau nyiam rau cov tshuaj lom neeg cov cim tso tawm los ntawm cov hlwb raug mob Qhov no yog hu ua chemotaxis thiab tseem ceeb heev rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Thaum cov qe ntshav dawb mus txog qhov chaw mob, lawv tuaj yeem ua raws li cov kab mob endothelial ntawm cov hlab ntsha los ntawm cov kab mob adhesion, tso cai rau lawv nthuav dav rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg thiab lawv kev koom tes hauv cov lus teb inflammatory.
Ntawm qhov tod tes, platelets yog cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov ntshav txhaws thiab cov lus teb rau kev raug mob vascular. Thaum muaj kev raug mob tshwm sim rau hauv cov hlab ntsha ntawm cov hlab ntsha, platelets ua raws li qhov chaw raug thiab tso tawm cov tshuaj uas ua kom lub coagulation cascade, tsim cov ntshav txhaws uas tiv thaiv los ntshav ntau dhau. Ntxiv nrog rau lawv lub luag haujlwm hauv coagulation, platelets tseem tuaj yeem tso tawm cov txiaj ntsig kev loj hlob uas txhawb nqa cell proliferation thiab tsiv teb tsaws, yog li txhawb kev kho thiab rov tsim cov ntaub so ntswg puas.
Kev kho mob thiab cov lus pom zoo los txhim kho cellular physiology ntawm kev ncig
Muaj cov kev kho mob sib txawv thiab cov lus pom zoo uas tuaj yeem pab txhim kho cellular physiology ntawm kev ncig, yog li pab txhawb kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm peb cov hlab ntsha. Cov kev kho mob thiab cov lus pom zoo no tsom ntawm kev txhawb nqa cov ntshav ncig, ntxiv dag zog rau cov hlwb thiab txhim kho lawv lub peev xwm thauj cov as-ham thiab oxygen.
Ib qho kev kho mob zoo tshaj plaws yog kev kho compression, uas siv cov khaub ncaws compression, xws li cov hnab looj tes lossis cov ntaub qhwv, uas siv lub siab mus rau sab kawg los txhim kho cov ntshav khiav. Txoj kev kho no pab txo qhov o, txhim kho kev ncig, thiab tiv thaiv cov ntshav txhaws.
Ntxiv nrog rau kev kho compression, nws raug nquahu kom ua lub neej noj qab haus huv uas suav nrog kev noj zaub mov kom zoo thiab kev tawm dag zog tsis tu ncua. Noj cov zaub mov uas nplua nuj nyob rau hauv antioxidants, xws li txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub, yuav pab tiv thaiv cov cell ntawm oxidative puas thiab ntxiv dag zog rau lub plawv. Ib yam li ntawd, kev ua si lub cev xws li taug kev, khiav lossis ua luam dej txhawb nqa cov ntshav khiav thiab txhawb cov hlab ntsha.
Cov Lus Nug thiab Lus Teb
Q: Cellular Physiology ntawm Circulation yog dab tsi?
A: Cellular Physiology of Circulation yog hais txog kev kawm txog cov txheej txheem physiological uas tshwm sim ntawm qib cellular nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau cov ntshav ncig hauv cov kab mob.
Q: Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Cellular Physiology ntawm Circulation?
A: Cellular Physiology ntawm Circulation yog qhov tseem ceeb kom nkag siab tias cov hlwb sib txuas lus thiab sib koom ua ke kom muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv cov tsiaj txhu. Nws kuj tso cai rau peb txheeb xyuas cov txheej txheem koom nrog hauv cov kab mob plawv thiab txhim kho cov tswv yim kho mob.
Q: Dab tsi yog cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb uas tau kawm hauv Cellular Physiology of Circulation?
A: Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb tau tshawb xyuas suav nrog cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlab ntsha, kev tswj cov ntshav khiav, capillary permeability, kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov qe ntshav, thiab vascular teb rau ntau yam stimuli.
Q: Hom cell twg koom nrog hauv cov ntshav?
A: Ntau hom cell koom nrog hauv cov ntshav ncig, suav nrog cov hlwb endothelial uas kab cov hlab ntsha, cov leeg nqaij du pom nyob rau hauv cov phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha thiab cov hlab ntsha, thiab cov qe ntshav xws li cov qe ntshav liab thiab dawb.
Q: Dab tsi yog cov txheej txheem siv los kawm txog Cellular Physiology of Circulation?
A: Txhawm rau tshawb xyuas Cellular Physiology ntawm Circulation, ntau hom kev siv, xws li fluorescence microscopy, confocal microscopy, electrophysiology, molecular biology thiab patch-clamp technique, thiab lwm yam. Cov tswv yim no tso cai rau cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlab ntsha tuaj yeem pom thiab txheeb xyuas kom meej.
Q: Cellular Physiology ntawm Circulation siv li cas hauv kev tshawb fawb kho mob?
A: Cellular Physiology of Circulation yog siv rau hauv kev tshawb fawb kho mob kom nkag siab txog cov txheej txheem hauv qab cov kab mob plawv xws li kub siab, atherosclerosis, thiab lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm. Cov kev tshawb fawb no pab txhim kho kev kho mob zoo dua thiab kho tshiab.
Q: Lub zeem muag yav tom ntej yog dab tsi rau Cellular Physiology of Circulation?
A: Cov kev xav yav tom ntej hauv Cellular Physiology of Circulation suav nrog kev siv cov thev naus laus zis tshiab los kawm txog kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov hlwb thiab cov khoom nruab nrog cev, kev txhim kho kev kho tus kheej thiab kev siv cov kev paub hauv cov tshuaj regenerative rau kev kho cov hlab ntsha puas.
Hauv kev xaus lus
Nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus, lub cellular physiology ntawm kev ncig yog ib tug fascinating teb uas tso cai rau peb to taub nyob rau hauv nthuav dav cov txheej txheem sab hauv ntawm peb circulatory systems. Los ntawm kev nkag siab yuav ua li cas cov hlwb sib txuas lus thiab hloov mus rau cov xwm txheej sib txawv, peb tuaj yeem tau txais cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm tib neeg lub cev. Los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov teeb liab tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov hlab ntsha mus rau kev thauj cov khoom tseem ceeb los ntawm cov hlab ntsha, cellular physiology ntawm cov hlab ntsha muab peb ib tug kev pom zoo ntawm yuav ua li cas peb lub cev tswj nws homeostasis. Kawm txog cov ceg ntawm biology no muab sijhawm rau peb los txhim kho peb txoj kev nkag siab ntawm cov txheej txheem hauv qab hauv cov kab mob sib txawv thiab, muaj peev xwm, nrhiav cov tswv yim tshiab rau lawv txoj kev kho mob. Nrog rau txhua qhov kev nce qib hauv thaj tsam ntawm cellular physiology ntawm kev ncig, peb maj mam ua kom nkag siab ntau dua ntawm qhov nyuaj hauv tib neeg lub neej.
Kuv yog Sebastián Vidal, tus kws kho tshuab computer mob siab rau kev siv tshuab thiab DIY. Tsis tas li ntawd, kuv yog tus tsim tecnobits.com, qhov twg kuv qhia cov lus qhia ua kom siv thev naus laus zis ntau dua thiab nkag siab rau txhua tus.