Yuav ua li cas teeb tsa WSL2 kom ua haujlwm nrog Linux ntawm Windows

Yog tias koj program hauv Windows tab sis xa mus rau Linux servers, tej zaum koj tau tawm tsam ntau dua ib zaug nrog qhov sib txawv ntawm ib puag ncig, cov tsev qiv ntawv uas tsuas yog ua tsis tiav hauv kev tsim khoom, lossis Docker khiav tsis raug. WSL tau tsim meej meej kom tsis txhob npau suav phem, thiab nrog NWS 2 Microsoft thaum kawg ntaus tus ntsia thawv ntawm lub taub hau: ib tug nyob ze-native Linux, koom ua ke rau hauv Windows thiab tsis tas yuav teeb tsa lub tshuab virtual hnyav.

Qhov no yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau ntau txhiab tus neeg tsim tawm vim tias nws tso cai rau koj qhib Ubuntu, Debian, lossis Kali davhlau ya nyob twg hauv Windows 10 lossis 11, khiav cov lus txib, Docker, databases, lossis cov cuab yeej hais kom ua raws li koj nyob hauv Linux server, tab sis tsis tso koj cov ntawv thov Windows thiab ua si. Cia peb pom nws ua haujlwm li cas, yuav ua li cas rau nruab, nws txawv li cas ntawm WSL1, thiab yuav ua li cas kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws hauv koj txoj haujlwm niaj hnub.

WSL yog dab tsi thiab vim li cas nws thiaj hloov lub Windows tus tsim tawm lub neej?

WSL yog cov ntawv sau rau Qhov rais Subsystem rau LinuxLub subsystem uas tso cai rau koj khiav GNU / Linux kev faib tawm hauv Windows yam tsis xav tau lub tshuab virtual ib txwm siv lossis ob lub khau raj. Koj tuaj yeem nruab Ubuntu, Debian, Kali, openSUSE, Arch (siv appx), lossis lwm yam kev faib tawm thiab siv lawv cov cuab yeej console ncaj qha los ntawm koj lub Windows desktop.

Tsis zoo li WSL1, NWS 2 Nws siv lub Linux ntsiav tiag Nws khiav hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob sib sib zog nqus tswj los ntawm Windows (Hyper-V thiab lub tshuab virtual), nrog rau kev txhawb nqa tag nrho rau ELF64 system hu. WSL1 yog txheej txheej txhais lus, nrawm rau qee yam haujlwm tab sis muaj kev txwv loj hauv kev sib raug zoo, tshwj xeeb nrog cov cuab yeej xws li Docker.

Rau cov neeg tsim tawm hauv lub vev xaib, cov neeg tsim tawm backend, DevOps lossis cov kws tshaj lij cov ntaub ntawv, qhov no txhais tau tias koj tuaj yeem ua tau ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig yuav luag zoo tib yam rau qhov chaw tsim khoom (uas feem ntau yog Linux), siv tib lub tsev qiv ntawv, database managers, queues, messaging servers, etc., tsis tso Windows. Cov classic "nws ua haujlwm ntawm kuv lub tshuab" yog ib yam ntawm yav dhau los vim tias koj txhim kho ntawm Windows thiab xa mus rau qhov sib txawv Linux faib.

WSL2 tsis yog tag nrho-fledged Linux graphical desktop Zoo ib yam li GNOME lossis KDE VM, lub ntsiab interface yog lub davhlau ya nyob twg. Txawm li cas los xij, niaj hnub no koj tseem tuaj yeem khiav Linux GUI daim ntawv thov rau saum WSL2, thiab txawm siv qhov zoo ntawm GPU acceleration rau workloads xws li tshuab kev kawm lossis cov duab siab heev. Yog tias koj xav tau nkag mus rau cov ntawv thov remotely, koj tuaj yeem teeb tsa Chrome Tej thaj chaw deb Desktop ntawm Windows.

Windows vs Linux: qhov teeb meem kev loj hlob zoo ib puag ncig

Windows tseem yog qhov feem ntau nruab operating system ntawm desktop computersThaum feem ntau cov ntawv thov kev xa tawm tau ua tiav ntawm Linux, qhov kev sib tw no yeej ib txwm tsim kev sib cav rau cov neeg tsim khoom uas ua haujlwm hauv Windows tab sis tswj hwm lossis xa cov ntawv thov ntawm Linux servers.

Cov neeg siv macOS ib txwm muaj kev sib txhuam tsawg dua Vim macOS sib koom Unix-zoo li lub hauv paus, thiab ntau yam cuab yeej coj zoo ib yam li Linux. Qhov ntawd yog ib qho laj thawj uas ntau tus neeg tsim khoom tsiv mus rau Mac xyoo dhau los: lawv tab tom nrhiav rau lub davhlau ya nyob twg thiab ib puag ncig ze rau kev tsim khoom.

Lub ntsiab hloov loj tuaj nrog dockerCov thawv ntim khoom tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho thiab kev xa tawm, tab sis ntawm Windows, kev ua haujlwm thiab kev siv neeg siv tau zoo heev, nrog cov txheej txheem tsis zoo. WSL2 daws tau ntau yam teeb meem no, muab ib puag ncig uas Docker ua haujlwm zoo dua.

WSL1 vs WSL2: qhov sib txawv thiab vim li cas koj yuav tsum siv version 2

WSL muaj nyob rau hauv ob lub ntsiab versions: WSL1 thiab WSL2Txawm hais tias ob qho tib si tso cai rau koj khiav Linux ntawm Windows, cov qauv tsim tau hloov pauv ntau ntawm ib qho mus rau lwm qhov, thiab qhov ntawd yog qhov pom ntawm kev ua tau zoo thiab kev sib raug zoo.

• WSL1 txhais Linux kev hu xov tooj mus rau Windows kernel. Qhov no ua rau lub sijhawm khau raj nrawm heev thiab cov ntaub ntawv zoo sib koom ua ke, tab sis nws muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog qee qhov kev siv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov uas xav tau lub Linux ntsiav tiag, xws li qee lub cav database lossis Docker khiav ntawm lub peev xwm.
• WSL2 siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob sib sib zog nqus nrog tag nrho Linux ntsiav.Tswj los ntawm Windows. Nws muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog kev hu xov tooj, txhim kho cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm tau zoo (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ntawm Linux cov ntaub ntawv nws tus kheej), thiab ua kom cov yam ntxwv siab tshaj xws li haiv neeg Docker ntawm WSL2 thiab nkag mus rau hauv cov ntsiav ncaj qha.
• Ob lub versions qhia qee qhov ntaNws qhov zoo muaj xws li kev sib koom ua ke nrog Windows, lub sijhawm khau raj ceev, kev sib raug zoo nrog cov cuab yeej virtualization zoo li VMWare lossis VirtualBox (hauv cov qauv tsis ntev los no), thiab kev txhawb nqa rau ntau qhov kev faib tawm. Txawm li cas los xij, tsuas yog WSL2 nta tag nrho Linux ntsiav thiab ua tiav kev hu xov tooj txhawb nqa.

Tag nrho cov saum toj no, Qhov kev xaiv pom zoo hnub no yog siv WSL2Tshwj tsis yog tias koj muaj qhov laj thawj tshwj xeeb kom nyob nrog WSL1. Docker Desktop, piv txwv li, yog tsim los ua ke nrog WSL2, thiab ntau cov lus qhia niaj hnub thiab cov cuab yeej twb xav tias cov qauv no yog tus qauv.

Yuav tsum tau txhim kho WSL2 ntawm Windows 10 thiab Windows 11

Txhawm rau siv WSL2 koj xav tau qhov tsis ntev los no ntawm Windows. Feem ntau, koj yuav tsum ua raws li cov xwm txheej no:

• Windows 10 version 2004 lossis tom qab (tsim 19041+) siv cov lus txib yooj yim wsl --install.
• Rau WSL2 tshwj xeeb, Windows 10 version 1903, tsim 18362 lossis siab dualos yog Windows 11.
• 64-ntsis architectureWSL2 tsis muaj nyob rau ntawm 32-ntsis Windows 10.

Ntxiv thiab, Koj yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias virtualization tau qhib hauv BIOS ntawm koj pab neeg. Yog tias nws tsis yog, koj yuav ntsib teeb meem xws li 0x80370102Cov lus no feem ntau qhia tias hardware virtualization tsis ua haujlwm. Nkag mus rau BIOS / UEFI, nrhiav cov kev xaiv cuam tshuam nrog CPU lossis "Virtualization Technology," thiab qhib nws.

Nruab WSL2 los ntawm kos siv cov lus txib wsl -install

Hauv cov qauv niaj hnub ntawm Windows 10 thiab Windows 11, kev teeb tsa tau yooj yim heev: nws tsuas yog xav tau ib qho lus txib thiab rov pib dua.

1. Qhib PowerShell ua tus thawj cojNrhiav "PowerShell" hauv Start menu, right-click, thiab xaiv "Run as administrator." Txais Tus Neeg Siv Khoom Tswj Xyuas (UAC) kom sai yog tias nws tshwm sim.

2. Khiav cov lus txib ua tiav:

Hais kom ua: wsl --install

Cov lus txib no ua haujlwm ob peb kauj ruam sab hauv yam tsis tas koj yuav tsum kov lwm yam:

• Qhib cov khoom xaiv xaiv tsim nyog: Windows subystem rau Linux y Virtual tshuab platform.
• Download tau thiab nruab lub qhov tseeb Linux kernel rau WSL.
• Kho WSL2 raws li lub neej ntawd version.
• Download tau thiab nruab ib lub default Linux faib (feem ntau Ubuntu).

3. Rov pib koj lub computer thaum Windows qhia koj ua li ntawd.Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov yam ntxwv tshiab uas tau siv los ua haujlwm.

4. Ntawm thawj khau raj ntawm Linux faib (Ubuntu, tshwj tsis yog tias koj qhia lwm yam), lub qhov rais console yuav qhib qhov twg cov ntaub ntawv raug rho tawm. Thawj zaug yuav siv sij hawm ntev me ntsis; pib tom ntej no feem ntau yuav luag instantaneous.

Xaiv thiab hloov Linux faib hauv WSL

• Los ntawm lub neej ntawd, cov lus txib wsl --install feem ntau nruab Ubuntu raws li lub default distribution. Txawm li cas los xij, koj tuaj yeem xaiv qhov sib txawv ntawm ob qho tib si thaum lub sijhawm thiab tom qab kev teeb tsa.
• Txhawm rau saib cov npe ntawm kev faib khoom muaj nyob hauv onlineQhib PowerShell thiab ntaus:
• Npe: wsl.exe --list --online
• Txhawm rau nruab ib qho kev faib tawm tshwj xeeb los ntawm consoleSiv qhov kev xaiv -d qhia koj lub npe:
• Nruab distro: wsl.exe --install -d NombreDeLaDistro
• Yog tias koj xav hloov lub default distro (tus uas qhib thaum koj tsuas khiav wsl), koj tuaj yeem ua:
• Default: wsl.exe --set-default NombreDeLaDistro
• Thiab yog tias koj tsuas yog xav tso ib qho kev faib tawm ntawm ib qho kev tawm tsam Yog tsis hloov lub neej ntawd, siv:
• Tua tawm lub sijhawm: wsl.exe --distribution NombreDeLaDistro

Ntxiv rau Microsoft Store kev faib khoom, Nws tuaj yeem xa cov kev cai xa tawm los ntawm TAR cov ntaub ntawv lossis nruab pob .appx nyob rau qee kisxws li Arch Linux. Koj tuaj yeem tsim koj tus kheej cov duab WSL kev cai los ua qauv ib puag ncig hauv ib lub tuam txhab.

Configure koj Linux username thiab password hauv WSL

Thawj zaug koj qhib koj lub Linux faib nruab nrog WSLKoj yuav raug ceeb toom kom tsim UNIX username thiab password. Tus account no yuav yog tus neeg siv khoom siv rau qhov kev faib tawm ntawd.

Nco ntsoov ntau cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm tus neeg siv no:

• Nws tsis txuas rau koj tus lej siv Windows.; koj tuaj yeem (thiab pom zoo) ua lub npe txawv.
• Thaum koj ntaus tus password, tsis muaj dab tsi yuav tshwm sim ntawm qhov screen. (Tsis muaj hnub qub). Qhov no yog hu ua "dig muag" cov tswv yim, uas yog ib txwm zoo kawg nkaus hauv Linux.
• Tus neeg siv no raug suav hais tias yog tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm qhov distro thiab siv tau sudo kom ua tiav cov lus txib nrog cov cai tsim nyog.
• Txhua qhov kev faib khoom muaj nws tus kheej cov neeg siv khoom thiab passwords; Yog hais tias koj ntxiv ib tug tshiab distro koj yuav tau rov ua tus account creation txheej txheem.

Yog tias koj xav tau hloov tus password Tom ntej no, qhib qhov kev faib tawm thiab khiav: Hloov Password: passwd

Yog tias koj tsis nco qab tus neeg siv tus password rau lub distro Tab sis yog tias koj tseem muaj kev nkag mus rau hauv Windows, koj tuaj yeem rov qab tswj tau zoo li no:

1. Qhib Command Prompt lossis PowerShell ua tus thawj coj thiab nkag rau hauv raws li hauv paus rau lub neej ntawd distro:
   wsl -u root
   Rau ib tug tshwj xeeb distro:
   wsl -d NombreDistro -u root
2. Nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus terminal, khiav:
   passwd nombre_usuario thiab teeb tus password tshiab.
3. Log out ntawm WSL con exit thiab rov qab mus rau hauv ib txwm nrog tus neeg siv rov qab tus account.

Txoj hauv kev rau khau raj thiab siv koj li Linux faib ntawm Windows

Thaum koj muaj ob peb distros ntsiaKoj tuaj yeem qhib lawv ntau txoj hauv kev, nyob ntawm seb qhov twg yooj yim tshaj rau koj thaum twg los tau.

• Windows Terminal (pom zoo). Windows Terminal yog Microsoft lub davhlau ya nyob twg niaj hnub emulator. Txhua zaus koj nruab Linux faib tshiab hauv WSL, qhov profile tshiab tshwm hauv Windows Terminal, uas koj tuaj yeem hloov kho (icon, xim qauv, kev pib ua haujlwm, thiab lwm yam). Nws yog txoj hauv kev yooj yim tshaj plaws los ua haujlwm nrog ntau cov kab hais kom ua ib txhij.
• Los ntawm Start menu. Koj tuaj yeem ntaus lub npe ntawm kev faib tawm ("Ubuntu", "Debian", "Kali Linux"…). Nyem nws yuav qhib nws ncaj qha rau hauv nws lub qhov rais console.
• Los ntawm PowerShell lossis CMD. Koj tuaj yeem ntaus lub npe ntawm lub distro ncaj qha (piv txwv li, ubuntu) lossis siv cov lus txib dav dav:
  wsl nkag mus rau lub default distro, los yog
  wsl -d NombreDistro nkag mus rau ib qho tshwj xeeb.
• Ua ib qho tshwj xeeb Linux hais kom ua los ntawm Windows. Siv cov syntax hauv qab no:
  wsl
  Piv txwv li: wsl ls -la, wsl pwd, wsl datethiab lwm yam. Txoj kev no koj sib tov Windows thiab Linux cov lus txib hauv tib lub raj xa dej.

Windows Terminal: tus khub zoo meej rau WSL2

Txhawm rau kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws ntawm WSL2, nws tsim nyog txhim kho Qhov Chaw Pw Hav Zoov los ntawm Microsoft Store. Nws yooj yim dua thiab muaj zog dua li qhov classic Command Prompt lossis txawm tias lub qhov rais PowerShell default.

Windows Terminal tso cai tsim profiles rau txhua qhov distroTxhais lub davhlau ya nyob twg qhib los ntawm lub neej ntawd (PowerShell, CMD, Ubuntu, thiab lwm yam), siv cov tabs, cais vaj huam sib luag, cov ntsiab lus sib txawv, cov ntawv sau, cov duab tom qab, thiab cov keyboard shortcuts siab heev.

Rau ntau tus tsim tawm ntawm WindowsWindows Terminal + WSL2 yog qhov sib xyaw ua ke uas los ze tshaj rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm ib haiv neeg Linux system lossis macOS nrog lub davhlau ya nyob twg siab heev, yam tsis tau tawm hauv koj li ib txwm Windows ib puag ncig.

Teeb tsa koj qhov chaw loj hlob: VS Code, Visual Studio, Git, thiab databases

Thaum WSL2 nce thiab ua haujlwm, cov kauj ruam tom ntej yog qhov xav tau integrate koj nyiam editor lossis IDE nrog ib puag ncig ntawd. Microsoft tau siv zog ntau los ua Visual Studio Code thiab Visual Studio ua haujlwm zoo nrog WSL.

VS Code

Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, koj yuav tsum nruab lub Tej thaj chaw deb Development pobQhov kev txuas ntxiv no tso cai rau koj qhib cov ntawv tais ceev tseg nyob hauv WSL zoo li nws yog qhov project hauv zos, tab sis khiav VS Code server hauv kev faib khoom. Tsuas yog hom:

code .

Los ntawm WSL lub davhlau ya nyob twg, hauv koj qhov project nplaub tshev, VS Code yuav qhib qhov "chaw taws teeb" txoj hauv kev nrog nws tag nrho cov ecosystem: txuas ntxiv, kev debugging, kev sib koom ua ke, thiab lwm yam, tab sis ua haujlwm tawm tsam Linux.

Visual Studio

Nws tso cai rau koj los teeb tsa WSL ua lub hom phiaj rau C ++ cov haujlwm siv CMake. Koj tuaj yeem sau thiab kho qhov teeb meem ntawm Windows, WSL, lossis cov chaw taws teeb tswj, hloov lub hom phiaj los ntawm hauv IDE nws tus kheej.

Hais txog kev tswj hwm version, siv Git hauv WSL yooj yim li kev txhim kho nws nrog koj tus neeg saib xyuas pob distro (piv txwv li, sudo apt install git (ntawm Ubuntu) thiab teeb tsa cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj, cov ntaub ntawv tsis suav nrog, kab xaus, thiab lwm yam. Koj tuaj yeem siv Windows Credential Manager los koom nrog kev lees paub.

Configuring databases hauv WSL (MySQL, PostgreSQL, MongoDB, Redis, SQL Server, SQLite, thiab lwm yam) zoo ib yam li ua rau txhua tus neeg rau zaub mov Linux. Koj tuaj yeem pib cov kev pabcuam hauv lub distro lossis siv Docker ntim ntawm WSL2, thiab txuas koj daim ntawv thov los ntawm Windows lossis los ntawm WSL nws tus kheej, nyob ntawm seb koj xav tau.

Tswj cov tsav sab nraud, GUI, thiab thaub qab ntawm kev faib tawm

WSL2 kuj tso cai mount sab nraud disks lossis USB drives ncaj qha rau hauv ib puag ncig Linux. Cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb muaj rau mounting disks nrog cov lus txib wsl --mountQhov no ua rau koj yooj yim heev thaum ua haujlwm nrog cov ntaub ntawv koj muaj nyob rau hauv lwm chav.

Yog tias koj xav tau khiav Linux graphical applications (GUI) hauv WSL2 tam sim no ua tau ua tsaug rau Microsoft txoj kev txhawb nqa rau GUI daim ntawv thov. Qhov no tso cai rau koj qhib graphical editors, tsim cov cuab yeej, lossis lub teeb yuag desktop ib puag ncig yam tsis tas yuav khau raj lub tshuab virtual.

Ua backups los yog tsiv ib tug tag nrho distro mus rau lwm lub computerWSL suav nrog ob txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb:

• Export ib distro:
  wsl --export NombreDistro backup-wsl.tar
  Qhov no tsim cov ntaub ntawv TAR nrog nws cov ntaub ntawv tag nrho.
• Import ib distro:
  wsl --import NombreDistro C:\ruta\destino backup-wsl.tar --version 2
  Qhov no rov kho qhov kev cuam tshuam nrog tag nrho nws cov ntsiab lus mus rau lwm txoj hauv kev thiab, yog tias koj xav tau, xyuas kom meej tias nws siv WSL2.

Qhov kev xa tawm / xa tawm no yog qhov yooj yim heev rau cloning kev txhim kho ib puag ncig, sib koom nrog cov npoj yaig, lossis tsuas yog tswj kev ruaj ntseg thaub qab ua ntej hloov pauv loj.

WSL2 tau tsim nws tus kheej ua qhov chaw tsim kho thawj zaug Rau ntau tus neeg siv Windows uas tsis xav tso tseg kev ua si, siv cov software tshwj xeeb, lossis lawv cov haujlwm ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab ke no, tab sis xav tau qhov tseeb Linux ib puag ncig rau kev ua haujlwm, muab WSL2 sim tuaj yeem yog qhov hloov pauv rau koj ua haujlwm li cas.

Tshooj lej:

Yuav ua li cas siv PhotoPrism ua ib qho chaw ntiag tug AI-powered gallery ntawm koj lub tshuab hauv zos

Daniel Taus

Tus kws kho tshwj xeeb hauv kev siv thev naus laus zis thiab teeb meem hauv internet nrog ntau tshaj kaum xyoo ntawm kev paub hauv cov xov xwm sib txawv. Kuv tau ua haujlwm ua tus editor thiab tus tsim cov ntsiab lus rau e-lag luam, kev sib txuas lus, kev lag luam online thiab cov tuam txhab tshaj tawm. Kuv kuj tau sau rau ntawm kev lag luam, nyiaj txiag thiab lwm cov vev xaib. Kuv txoj hauj lwm kuj yog kuv lub siab nyiam. Tam sim no, dhau ntawm kuv cov ntawv hauv Tecnobits, Kuv sim tshawb nrhiav txhua yam xov xwm thiab lub cib fim tshiab uas lub ntiaj teb kev siv tshuab muab rau peb txhua hnub los txhim kho peb lub neej.