Yuav ua li cas rov qab kho GRUB

Hloov tshiab kawg: 10/01/2023
Tus sau: Sebastian Vidal

Yuav ua li cas rov qab GRUB: Ib qho kev qhia txog kev daws teeb meem khau raj ntawm Linux systems.

Lub GRUB (Grand Unified Bootloader) khau raj loader yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv Linux systems, lub luag hauj lwm rau kev pib lub lub operating system thiab tso cai rau kev xaiv cov khau raj sib txawv. Txawm li cas los xij, qee zaum nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim tias GRUB tau ua tsis raug lossis sau dhau, uas ua rau muaj teeb meem khau raj ntawm lub kaw lus. Hauv kab lus no, peb yuav kawm li cas los tsim GRUB thiab daws zoo cov drawbacks.

Kauj Ruam 1: Nkag mus rau Linux installation media lossis tsim lub bootable USB.

Thawj kauj ruam los kho GRUB yog kom paub tseeb tias koj muaj Linux installation media ntawm tes, xws li kev teeb tsa CD / DVD lossis USB bootable. Yog tias koj tsis muaj ib qho, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tsim USB bootable siv lub cuab yeej xws li Rufus lossis UNetbootin, siv cov duab teeb tsa sib raug rau Linux faib tau siv. Qhov nruab nrab nruab nrab no yuav tso cai rau peb nkag mus rau ib puag ncig uas peb tuaj yeem kho GRUB.

Kauj Ruam 2: Khau raj lub system los ntawm lub installation media.

Thaum peb muaj Linux installation media lossis bootable USB npaj tau, peb rov pib lub kaw lus thiab xyuas kom meej tias cov khoom siv sib raug tau raug xaiv los ua thawj qhov chaw khau raj hauv BIOS nqis lossis UEFI ntawm lub khoos phis tawj. Thaum qhov no tau ua tiav, peb pib lub kaw lus los ntawm kev tshaj tawm kev teeb tsa.

Kauj Ruam 3: Nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus ntawm qhov nruab Linux system.

Thaum peb tau pib lub kaw lus los ntawm kev tshaj tawm kev teeb tsa, peb nkag mus rau lub davhlau ya nyob twg lossis cov lus txib console los ntawm qhov peb tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nrog cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus ntawm qhov nruab Linux system. Nyob rau ntawm no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nrhiav tau qhov chaw ntawm lub hauv paus muab faib ntawm lub system, feem ntau sawv cev los ntawm "/". Txhawm rau ua qhov no, peb tuaj yeem siv cov lus txib lsblk ⁢ txheeb xyuas ⁢ partitions thiab lawv qhov chaw nyob.

Kauj Ruam 4: Reinstall GRUB ntawm qhov system.

Thaum peb tau txheeb xyuas cov hauv paus kev faib tawm ntawm Linux system, peb siv cov lus txib chroot mus saib tau hais tias muab faib thiab yog li ua hauj lwm nrog cov ntaub ntawv system li yog hais tias peb nyob rau hauv lub operating system. Tom ntej no, peb siv cov lus txib zwm-nruab ua raws li lub hom phiaj ntaus ntawv qhov twg GRUB yuav tsum tau reinstalled, feem ntau sawv cev los ntawm "/dev/sda". Qhov no yuav rov nruab GRUB rau hauv hard drive's boot sector thiab txhim kho kev tswj khau raj kom zoo.

Nrog cov kauj ruam yooj yim no, peb tuaj yeem ua tau restore GRUB thiab daws zoo khau raj ⁤ teeb meem uas yuav tshwm sim ntawm ⁢Linux systems. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias kev saib xyuas yuav tsum nco ntsoov ua haujlwm thaum ua haujlwm nrog lub bootloader, vim tias kev siv tsis raug tuaj yeem ua rau cov ntaub ntawv poob lossis kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Yog tias tsis ntseeg, nws raug nquahu kom nrhiav cov kws tshaj lij cov lus qhia lossis sab laj cov ntaub ntawv raug cai ntawm Linux faib siv.

- GRUB yog dab tsi thiab nws ua haujlwm li cas ntawm booting lub operating system?

GRUB yog ib lub ntsiab lus rau Grand Unified Bootloader thiab yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm qhov txheej txheem khau raj. Nws yog ib qhov kev pab cuam uas nyob rau hauv lub master boot sector los ntawm lub hard drive thiab yog lub luag haujlwm ⁢ rau kev thauj khoom lub operating system⁢ rau hauv lub cim xeeb thiab hloov kev tswj rau nws. ib GRUB yog siv los ntawm ntau lub tshuab ua haujlwm, suav nrog Linux thiab qee lub tshuab BSD. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas lwm cov kev khiav hauj lwm nruab rau hauv tib lub khoos phis tawj thiab tso saib cov ntawv qhia khau raj los xaiv qhov kev ua haujlwm uas koj xav pib.

Ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem tshwm sim uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim nrog GRUB yog thaum nws dhau los ua kev puas tsuaj lossis sau dua thaum lub sijhawm teeb tsa kev ua haujlwm tshiab lossis hloov kho tshiab. Qhov no yuav ua rau lub cev tsis muaj peev xwm khau raj kom raug thiab tso tawm cov lus yuam kev xws li "yuam kev: nrhiav tsis tau grub file" lossis "yuam kev: tsis muaj khau raj pom." Txhawm rau txhim kho qhov teeb meem no, cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem ua raws li los kho GRUB thiab tso cai rau lub operating system kom khau raj kom zoo. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los ua qhov kev kho dua tshiab no, tab sis ib qho ntawm feem ntau yog siv Live CD lossis USB ntawm lub teeb tsa Linux faib.

Txhawm rau kho GRUB nrog Live CD lossis USB, koj yuav tsum pib lub khoos phis tawj ntawm lub cuab yeej ntawd thiab xaiv qhov "nyob hom" lossis "nyob hom" xaiv. Ces, Lub desktop ib puag ncig zoo ib yam li lub tshuab ua haujlwm nruab yuav qhib thiab los ntawm qhov ntawd koj tuaj yeem nkag mus rau lub davhlau ya nyob twg los ua cov lus txib. Cov kauj ruam tom ntej yog txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov kev faib tawm uas lub operating system tau nruab thiab mount nws. Thaum mounted, koj tuaj yeem siv "chroot" hais kom "hloov" rau ib puag ncig. ntawm lub operating system ntsia hauv lub hard drive thiab khiav lwm cov lus txib hu ua "grub-install". Cov lus txib no yuav yog lub luag haujlwm rau rov txhim kho GRUB hauv qhov chaw pib khau raj ntawm lub hard drive.⁢ Thaum kawg,⁤ Nws tsuas yog yuav tsum tau rov pib dua lub computer thiab lub operating system nws yuav tsum khau raj kom raug, tam sim no nrog GRUB rov qab thiab ua haujlwm zoo.

- Cov teeb meem tshwm sim thaum kho GRUB thiab kho lawv li cas

Cov teeb meem tshwm sim⁤ thaum kho GRUB thiab kho lawv li cas

Kev rov kho GRUB tuaj yeem yog txoj haujlwm nyuaj thiab qee zaum peb ntsib kev nyuaj uas tsis tau xav txog. Hmoov zoo, muaj cov kev daws teeb meem los daws cov teeb meem feem ntau. Ntawm no peb nthuav qhia qee qhov ntawm lawv:

1. Muab faib tsis pom los yog ploj lawm configuration ntaub ntawv yuam kev

Ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem tshwm sim thaum rov kho GRUB yog tau txais cov lus yuam kev hais tias tsis tuaj yeem pom cov ntaub ntawv faib lossis teeb tsa. Qhov no feem ntau tshwm sim tom qab lub operating system hloov tshiab lossis thaum rho tawm ib qho kev faib tawm. Yuav kom daws tau qhov teeb meem no, nws yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov kauj ruam hauv qab no:

  • Txheeb xyuas qhov muab faib⁢ qhov twg GRUB yog ⁢ nruab. Koj tuaj yeem siv cov lus txib zoo li lsblk o fdisk -l ⁤ kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov partitions uas twb muaj lawm⁤.
  • Hloov kho cov ntaub ntawv GRUB teeb tsa kom nws taw qhia kom raug rau qhov muab faib. Qhov no Nws ua tau siv⁤ ib phau ntawv⁤ editor thiab hloov qhov tsim nyog ⁤path.
  • Hloov kho ⁢GRUB nrog cov lus txib⁢ sudo update-grub. Qhov no yuav tsim cov ntaub ntawv hloov kho tshiab.
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2. yuam kev booting operating system tom qab GRUB rov qab

Lwm qhov teeb meem tshwm sim thaum rov kho GRUB yog ntsib qhov yuam kev thaum sim pib lub operating system. Qhov no feem ntau yog vim kev teeb tsa tsis raug.. Txhawm rau daws qhov teeb meem no, ua raws cov kauj ruam hauv qab no:

  • Txheeb xyuas cov ntawv teeb tsa /etc/default/grub thiab xyuas kom tseeb tias cov khau raj tsis raug. Koj tuaj yeem siv cov ntawv nyeem ⁤ hloov kho qhov tsim nyog.
  • Thaum cov kev hloov pauv tau ua, khiav cov lus txib sudo update-grub hloov kho GRUB nrog kev teeb tsa tshiab.
  • Pib dua lub system thiab xyuas seb qhov teeb meem puas tau raug daws. Yog tias nws tseem pheej, koj tuaj yeem sim rov nruab GRUB los ntawm kos ua raws li cov chaw tsim khoom cov lus qhia lossis nrhiav kev pab ntawm cov rooj sib tham tshwj xeeb.

3. yuam kev thaum xaiv qhov xav tau kev ua haujlwm hauv GRUB ntawv qhia zaub mov

Ib qho teeb meem tshwm sim tom qab kho GRUB yog tias koj tsis tuaj yeem xaiv qhov kev ua haujlwm xav tau hauv cov ntawv qhia zaub mov. Qhov no tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim qhov kev txiav txim khau raj tsis raug lossis tsis raug GRUB teeb tsa.. Txhawm rau kho qhov teeb meem no, ua raws li cov kauj ruam no:

  • Hloov kho GRUB kev teeb tsa los teeb tsa cov khau raj kom raug. Koj tuaj yeem ua qhov no los ntawm kev kho ⁢ cov ntaub ntawv /etc/default/grub thiab kho tus nqi ntawm qhov sib txawv ⁢ GRUB_DEFAULT.
  • Khiav cov lus txib sudo update-grub siv cov kev hloov pauv⁤ thiab hloov kho GRUB.
  • Reboot lub kaw lus thiab xyuas seb koj tam sim no tuaj yeem xaiv qhov kev ua haujlwm xav tau⁢ kom raug.

- Cov kauj ruam ua raws li txhawm rau kho GRUB ntawm cov haujlwm sib txawv

Restore GRUB nyob rau hauv ntau lub tshuab sib txawv kev ua haujlwm

GRUB (Grand Unified Bootloader) yog lub khau raj siv hauv ntau lub tshuab ua haujlwm, suav nrog Linux thiab Windows. Qee zaum, vim muaj xwm txheej sib txawv, GRUB tuaj yeem raug puas los yog ploj, uas yuav ua rau tsis muaj peev xwm khau raj ua haujlwm tau zoo, muaj cov kauj ruam uas tuaj yeem ua raws li GRUB. ntawm ntau lub operating systems.

Restore GRUB⁤ ntawm Linux

Txhawm rau rov kho GRUB ntawm Linux systems, koj tuaj yeem ua raws li cov kauj ruam no:

1. Khau raj los ntawm Linux Live CD lossis USB: Koj yuav xav tau Linux installation media nkag mus rau qhov system thiab kho GRUB.

2. Mount lub hauv paus muab faib: Thaum koj tau booted los ntawm ⁤ Live CD lossis USB, koj yuav tsum mount lub hauv paus muab faib ntawm lub nruab operating system.

3. Chroot rau lub installation system: Siv cov "chroot" hais kom ua, koj tuaj yeem nkag tau⁤ lub kaw lus ua haujlwm los ntawm Live CD lossis USB.

4. Reinstall GRUB: Thaum kawg, txhawm rau kho GRUB, khiav cov lus txib rov qab txuas rau koj lub Linux faib. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj siv Ubuntu, koj tuaj yeem siv cov lus txib "sudo​​grub-install /dev/sda".

Restore GRUB ntawm Windows

Restoring ⁤GRUB ntawm ⁤Windows⁢ systems tuaj yeem nyuaj me ntsis,⁤ txij li Windows ⁤ siv nws tus kheej ⁤boot loader. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tuaj yeem ua tau los ntawm kev ua raws li cov kauj ruam no:

1. Khau raj los ntawm Windows Live CD lossis USB: Raws li nrog Linux, koj yuav xav tau Windows installation media⁢ kom nkag mus rau qhov system thiab kho GRUB.

2. Khiav Boot Kho: Thaum lub Windows installation txheej txheem, xaiv qhov "Kho koj lub khoos phis tawj" thiab tom qab ntawd xaiv "Tau teeb meem" kev xaiv thiab "Startup Repair."

3. Restore GRUB manually: Yog tias qhov kev xaiv saum toj no tsis kho GRUB, koj tuaj yeem sim manually rov qab siv cov cuab yeej hais kom ua xws li bootrec.exe lossis bcdedit.exe.

Nco ntsoov tias cov kauj ruam no yuav txawv nyob ntawm koj li Linux faib lossis Windows version. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau ceev faj thaum ua ⁤ hloov mus rau bootloader configuration, vim hais tias mishandling yuav ua rau kev puas tsuaj rau lub operating system. Nws yog ib txwm pom zoo kom ua ib daim ntawv theej ntawm koj cov ntaub ntawv ua ntej ua kev hloov kho.

- Rov qab GRUB hauv Ubuntu thiab derivatives (Mint, Elementary OS, thiab lwm yam)

Kauj ruam 1: Nkag mus rau lub kaw lus nrog Ubuntu Live CD lossis USB.

Yog tias koj tau poob GRUB bootloader ntawm Ubuntu lossis ib qho ntawm nws cov khoom xa tawm zoo li Mint lossis Elementary OS, nws muaj txoj hauv kev yooj yim los kho nws. Ua ntej, koj yuav tsum nkag mus rau lub kaw lus siv Ubuntu Live CD lossis USB. ⁢ Pib lub computer nrog bootable media⁢ thiab xaiv "sim Ubuntu" es tsis txhob "Nruab Ubuntu". Txoj kev no, koj tuaj yeem nkag mus rau ⁤Ubuntu desktop ib puag ncig yam tsis tau txhim kho nws ntawm koj lub hard drive.

Kauj ruam 2: ⁤ ​​Qhib lub davhlau ya nyob twg thiab nrhiav koj cov khau raj muab faib.

Thaum koj tau nkag mus rau Ubuntu ib puag ncig, qhib a⁤ davhlau ya nyob twg siv qhov tseem ceeb ua ke Ctrl + ⁢ Alt + T. Tom ntej no, koj yuav tsum txheeb xyuas qhov kev faib khau raj ntawm koj lub cev. Koj tuaj yeem ua nws los ntawm kev khiav cov lus txib sudo fdisk -l. Nrhiav qhov muab faib uas muaj "Linux" lossis "EXT4" cov ntaub ntawv hauv kab "File System". Nco ntsoov tus lej muab faib, uas feem ntau yog ib yam zoo li "/dev/sda1".

Kauj ruam 3: Restore GRUB rau khau raj muab faib.

Thaum koj tau txheeb xyuas qhov kev faib khau raj, koj tuaj yeem rov qab GRUB siv cov lus txib sudo grub-install /dev/sdX, qhov "X" yog tus cim ntawm qhov muab faib uas koj tau sau tseg ua ntej no cov lus txib yuav rov nruab GRUB ntawm qhov kev faib khau raj. Ces⁤ khiav cov lus txib sudo hloov tshiab-grub Txhawm rau hloov kho GRUB teeb tsa ⁢ thiab paub txog cov haujlwm ua haujlwm⁢ tau nruab rau ntawm koj lub hard drive. Thaum koj ua tiav cov kauj ruam no, reboot koj lub cev thiab koj yuav tsum pom GRUB khau raj loader dua booting koj lub computer.

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- Rov qab GRUB ntawm Debian thiab nws cov derivatives (Kali, Raspbian, thiab lwm yam)

Yog tias muaj ib hnub koj pom tias koj qhov Debian operating system lossis ib qho ntawm nws cov khoom siv, xws li Kali lossis Raspbian, tsis tuaj yeem khau raj vim qhov yuam kev hauv GRUB, tsis txhob ntshai. Muaj ib txoj hauv kev yooj yim uas yuav tso cai rau koj rov qab GRUB thiab kom koj lub cev ua haujlwm dua. Hauv phau ntawv qhia no, peb yuav piav qhia txog yuav ua li cas thiaj ua tau cov txheej txheem no.

Kauj Ruam 1: Thawj qhov koj yuav tsum ua yog khau raj lub kaw lus los ntawm USB lossis Debian installation CD lossis faib koj siv. Thaum koj tau nkag mus rau hom Live, qhib lub davhlau ya nyob twg los khiav cov lus txib. Nco ntsoov tias thaum koj nyob hauv Live, koj yuav ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus ntawm koj lub hard drive, yog li ceev faj thaum nkag mus rau cov lus txib thiab xyuas kom koj xaiv lub tsav kom raug.

Kauj Ruam 2: Thaum nyob rau hauv lub davhlau ya nyob twg, koj yuav tsum txheeb xyuas lub hauv paus muab faib ntawm koj lub cev. Koj tuaj yeem ua qhov no los ntawm kev khiav cov lus txib⁤ sudo fdisk -l kom pom ib daim ntawv teev cov muaj partitions ntawm koj disk. Nrhiav qhov muab faib uas muaj cov kab ke ua haujlwm thiab sau nws lub npe (piv txwv li, /dev/sda1).

Kauj Ruam 3: Tam sim no, mount lub hauv paus muab faib rau ib ntus mount point. Koj tuaj yeem ua qhov no los ntawm kev khiav ⁢ cov lus txib sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt, hloov "/dev/sda1" ⁤ nrog lub npe ntawm koj lub hauv paus muab faib. Tom qab ntawd, mount lwm qhov tsim nyog partitions, xws li khau raj muab faib thiab sib pauv muab faib, rau lawv cov ntsiab lus mount hauv qab / mnt directory.

Ua raws li cov kauj ruam no ua tib zoo thiab koj tuaj yeem rov qab tau yooj yim GRUB ntawm koj lub Debian system thiab nws cov derivatives. Nco ntsoov ua cov ntawv luam theej ntawm koj cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ua ntej ua kev hloov kho rau qhov system. Peb cia siab tias phau ntawv qhia no tau pab tau thiab koj tuaj yeem txaus siab rau qhov kev ua haujlwm zoo dua!

- Rov qab GRUB ntawm Arch Linux-raws li kev faib tawm (Manjaro, Antergos, thiab lwm yam)

Yog tias koj tau teeb tsa Arch Linux-raws li kev faib tawm (xws li Manjaro lossis Antergos) thiab tau ntsib teeb meem nrog GRUB bootloader, tsis txhob txhawj. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav qhia koj yuav ua li cas rov qab GRUB‍ kom koj tuaj yeem khau raj koj lub cev dua yam tsis muaj teeb meem.

Ua ntej peb pib, nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los kho GRUB ntawm Arch Linux-raws li kev faib tawm. Hauv qhov no, peb yuav qhia koj txoj kev yooj yim tshaj plaws uas siv cov cuab yeej kab hais kom ua zwm-nruab.

Ua ntej, koj yuav tsum tau khau raj koj lub cev los ntawm kev tshaj tawm kev teeb tsa (xws li USB lossis Manjaro installation DVD). Thaum koj nyob hauv qhov chaw rov qab los, qhib lub davhlau ya nyob twg thiab khiav cov lus txib hauv qab no txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov muab faib koj lub kaw lus tau nruab rau:

lsblk

Cov lus txib no yuav tso saib cov npe ntawm cov partitions ntawm koj lub cev. Txheeb xyuas qhov muab faib koj qhov system nyob rau thiab sau ib daim ntawv ntawm nws (piv txwv li, '/dev/sda1'). Tom ntej no, khiav cov lus txib hauv qab no txhawm rau txhim kho qhov muab faib mus rau ib ntus directory:

mount / dev / sda1 / mnt
mount /dev/sdaX‍ /mnt/boot

Nco ntsoov hloov '/dev/sda1' nrog rau qhov muab faib uas sib haum rau koj lub cev. Thaum koj tau nruab qhov muab faib, khiav cov lus txib hauv qab no los kho GRUB:

grub-install –boot-directory=/mnt/boot /dev/sda

Cov lus txib no yuav rov nruab GRUB ntawm lub cuab yeej '/dev/sda', uas yog lub hard drive Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm ⁢ koj qhov system. Thaum nws tiav lawm, reboot koj lub cev thiab koj yuav tsum tuaj yeem rov pib dua yam tsis muaj teeb meem.

- Rov qab GRUB ntawm dual-boot Windows operating systems

Yog tias koj muaj lub operating system Qhov rai ntsia koj ⁢ computer nrog rau Linux ⁢ thiab koj khiav mus rau qhov teeb meem uas tus GRUB (bootloader) tau nres ua haujlwm, tsis txhob txhawj, peb muaj kev daws teeb meem! Hauv tsab xov xwm no peb yuav qhia koj li cas restore ⁢ GRUB thiab rov nkag mus rau ob qho tib si operating systems.

Kauj ruam thawj zaug rau restore GRUB yog booting ⁤ ntawm a nyob CD o Linux USB yog. Thaum koj tau booted lub operating system los ntawm cov nyob CD los yog USB, ua raws li cov kauj ruam no:

  • Qhib lub davhlau ya nyob twg.
  • Khiav cov lus txib sudo fdisk -l kom tau txais ⁢ npe ntawm partitions ntawm koj disk.
  • Txheeb xyuas qhov muab faib uas nws tau nruab ⁢ Linux.
  • Khiav cov lus txib sudo mount /dev/sdaX /mnt, hloov /dev/sdaX nrog partition ntawm Linux.
  • Khiav cov lus txib sudo mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev.
  • Khiav cov lus txib sudo mount --bind /proc /mnt/proc.
  • Khiav cov lus txib sudo mount --bind /sys /mnt/sys.
  • Khiav ⁤ qhov hais kom ua sudo chroot /mnt hloov lub hauv paus directory rau qhov system ntsia rau Linux.
  • Thaum kawg, khiav cov lus txib sudo update-grub los hloov kho cov ntaub ntawv config GRUB.

Thaum koj tau ua raws li cov kauj ruam saum toj no, pib dua koj lub computer Qhov rai thiab koj yuav tsum pom cov GRUB dua. Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem xaiv pib Qhov rai o Linux thaum pib koj lub computer. Yog tias koj tseem muaj teeb meem rov qab los GRUB, peb xav kom koj tshawb hauv zej zog forums Linux los yog sab laj⁤ cov ntaub ntawv raug cai kom paub ntau ntxiv.

-Cov cuab yeej siv tau⁤ thiab cov lus txib⁤ los daws teeb meem thaum rov kho GRUB

Cov cuab yeej siv tau thiab cov lus txib los daws teeb meem GRUB rov qab los

Thaum peb ntsib ⁤ teeb meem thaum sim kho GRUB, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum muaj cov cuab yeej tsim nyog ⁤ thiab cov lus txib los daws cov hauv qab no, peb yuav hais txog qee qhov kev xaiv uas yuav pab tau rau cov xwm txheej no.

Live USB: Ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws GRUB daws teeb meem cov cuab yeej⁤ yog Live USB. Qhov no ⁢device tso cai rau peb nkag mus rau lub operating system yam tsis tas yuav khau raj ntawm lub hard drive. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, peb tuaj yeem ua ntau yam kev kho thiab kho dua tshiab yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab nruab. Ntxiv nrog rau kev ua lwm txoj hauv kev, nws yog ib qho kev daws teeb meem uas tsis tas yuav muaj kev paub dhau los.

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boot-repair hais kom ua: Lwm qhov txiaj ntsig zoo heev los daws cov teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog GRUB yog kev siv cov lus txib kho khau raj. Qhov kev pab cuam no automates cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kho thiab kho lub bootloader, ua rau nws yooj yim dua rau siv. Txhawm rau siv nws, peb tsuas yog yuav tsum tau khiav nws los ntawm lub davhlau ya nyob twg thiab ua raws li cov lus qhia uas tshwm sim Cov lus qhia khau raj kho yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov neeg uas tsis xav ua haujlwm ncaj qha nrog GRUB cov ntaub ntawv.

update-grub hais kom ua: Hauv qee lub sijhawm, ⁤ teeb meem nrog GRUB ⁤ tuaj yeem daws tau siv qhov hloov tshiab-grub hais kom ua. Cov lus txib no yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev hloov kho lub khau raj loader configuration, luam theej duab cov kev khiav hauj lwm nruab rau hauv lub computer thiab ntxiv rau GRUB ntawv qhia zaub mov. Nws yog ib qho kev xaiv tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum peb tau hloov pauv rau lub kaw lus, xws li kev txhim kho qhov kev ua haujlwm tshiab lossis hloov cov partitions. Peb tsuas yog yuav tsum tau khiav cov lus txib los ntawm lub davhlau ya nyob twg thiab GRUB yuav hloov kho tau.

Nco ntsoov tias cov no tsuas yog ⁢ qee cov piv txwv ntawm⁢ cov cuab yeej siv tau thiab cov lus txib kom ⁤ daws teeb meem thaum rov kho GRUB. Nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb, nws yuav tsim nyog siv lwm txoj kev xaiv lossis txawm nrhiav kev pab los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev tshawb fawb thiab paub txog cov cuab yeej no txhawm rau daws cov teeb meem uas yuav tshwm sim cuam tshuam nrog GRUB.

- Ua thaub qab thiab ceev faj ⁢ ua ntej rov kho GRUB

Lub GRUB (GRand Unified bootloader) cov khoom siv yog lub khau raj khau raj feem ntau siv hauv Linux operating systems. Txawm li cas los xij, qee zaum qhov yuam kev yuav tshwm sim uas tiv thaiv GRUB los ntawm kev thauj khoom kom raug thaum pib lub kaw lus. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los kho GRUB los daws qhov teeb meem. Hauv qab no yog cov kauj ruam los ua txoj haujlwm no.

Ua ntej pib GRUB cov txheej txheem rov qab, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau thaub qab cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb. Qhov no yog vim muaj ib qho kev ua yuam kev thaum lub sij hawm ⁢ kho dua txheej txheem tuaj yeem ua rau poob cov ntaub ntawv. Nws raug nquahu kom thaub qab koj cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab cov ntaub ntawv mus rau lwm lub cuab yeej lossis nyob rau hauv huab.

Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau ua qee yam kev ceev faj ntxiv ua ntej pib nrog GRUB kho dua tshiab:

  • Tsim ib qhov system restore point lossis disk duab. Qhov no yuav tso cai rau koj thim rov qab cov kev hloov pauv thaum muaj teeb meem thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm.
  • Muaj lub installation disk lossis USB tsav nrog Linux operating system ntawm tes uas siv. Qhov no yuav tsim nyog nkag mus rau cov cuab yeej rov qab yog tias tsim nyog.
  • Xyuas kom koj muaj lub zog txaus hauv cov khoom siv. Yog tias cov txheej txheem rov qab raug cuam tshuam vim tsis muaj hwj chim, kev ua yuam kev loj yuav tshwm sim.

Txawm hais tias rov kho GRUB tuaj yeem txhim kho cov teeb meem khau raj⁢ ntawm Linux, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau ua raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ceev faj thiab ua thaub qab ua ntej ua cov txheej txheem no. Qhov no txo ​​qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv poob thiab ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb dua thiab ua tiav cov txheej txheem kho dua tshiab. Nrog cov ntaub ntawv thaub qab thiab kev ceev faj kom raug, koj tuaj yeem ntseeg siab hais txog qhov teeb meem GRUB thiab rov ua haujlwm zoo ntawm Linux operating system.

- Keep⁤ GRUB hloov kho thiab daws teeb meem rov tshwm sim

Txhawm rau khaws GRUB hloov tshiab thiab daws teeb meem rov tshwm sim, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub txog cov txheej txheem sib txawv thiab cov cuab yeej muaj. Ib txoj hauv kev los hloov kho GRUB yog los ntawm kev siv ⁢»hloov-grub» hais kom ua hauv lub davhlau ya nyob twg. Lo lus txib⁢ scans lub kaw lus rau ⁤ nruab operating systems thiab hloov kho GRUB configuration raws li. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ⁢ khiav cov lus txib no tom qab ib qho kev hloov pauv mus rau qhov system configuration⁢, xws li kev txhim kho lossis⁤ uninstalling lub operating system ​​lossis hloov kho lub system kernel.

Ntxiv nrog rau kev hloov kho GRUB, qee zaum cov teeb meem rov tshwm sim tuaj yeem tshwm sim, xws li kev ua haujlwm ploj lawm uas tau teev tseg hauv GRUB ntawv qhia zaub mov lossis yuam kev pib ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb. Hauv cov xwm txheej no, nws tuaj yeem daws qhov teeb meem siv "grub-install" hais kom ua. Cov lus txib no rov nruab GRUB ntawm lub kaw lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov cuab yeej khaws cia, kom ntseeg tau tias qhov kev teeb tsa muaj tseeb thiab txhua qhov kev ua haujlwm tau teeb tsa tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv GRUB ntawv qhia zaub mov.

Lwm cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb los daws cov teeb meem GRUB rov tshwm sim yog kho cov ntaub ntawv GRUB teeb tsa manually. Cov ntaub ntawv teeb tsa nyob hauv /etc/default/grub. Ntawm no, nws tuaj yeem hloov kho qhov sib txawv, xws li GRUB cov ntawv qhia sijhawm ncua sijhawm, kev daws teeb meem ntawm lub vijtsam, lossis ntxiv kev xaiv khau raj. Thaum cov kev hloov pauv tiav lawm, koj yuav tsum khaws cov ntaub ntawv thiab khiav cov lus txib "update-grub" los siv cov kev hloov kho. Cov txheej txheem no muaj txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb yog tias koj xav kho qhov tsos lossis tus cwj pwm ntawm GRUB ntawv qhia zaub mov raws li tus neeg nyiam.

Hauv cov ntsiab lus, khaws GRUB mus txog hnub tim thiab daws teeb meem rov tshwm sim yog cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg thiab ua haujlwm zoo. Los ntawm kev siv cov lus txib xws li hloov tshiab-grub thiab grub-nruab, nrog rau kev kho cov ntaub ntawv GRUB teeb tsa manually, koj tuaj yeem daws teeb meem thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm khau raj. Nco ntsoov ib txwm hloov kho ⁤GRUB tom qab muaj kev hloov pauv hauv kev teeb tsa thiab txuag cov ntaub ntawv teeb tsa ⁢ kom raug siv cov kev hloov kho tau ua.