Hormone nke na-eji AMP cyclic dị ka onye ozi nke abụọ mgbe ọ na-eme ihe na cellular.

Mmelite ikpeazụ: 30/08/2023
Author: Sebastian Vidal

N'ihe gbasara usoro ihe ọmụmụ mkpụrụ ndụ, a kọwapụtala AMP cyclic dị ka onye ozi nke abụọ dị mkpa na ntụgharị nke akara hormonal. Hormones ndị a, nke nwere ike ime ihe na cellular, na-eji hormone nke na-eji AMP cyclic dị ka onye ogbugbo ya. N'isiokwu a, anyị ga-enyocha n'ụzọ zuru ezu mkpa nke hormone a na otú o si etinye aka na usoro intracellular, na-akọwapụta isi ọrụ ya na nhazi nke ọrụ dị iche iche nke ndu. Site na usoro teknụzụ, anyị ga-enyocha usoro ya na nsonaazụ ya na ụdị sel dị iche iche. Ka anyị na-aga n'ihu na nyocha a, anyị ga-ekpughe mkpa ọ dị n'ịghọta ọrụ AMP cyclic na cascade nke na-egosi hormonal, si otú ahụ na-emepe echiche ọhụrụ na ngalaba nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na cellular.

- Okwu mmalite nke homonụ na-eji AMP cyclic dị ka onye ozi nke abụọ

Cyclic AMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) bụ onye ozi nke abụọ na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na ntụgharị mgbama ekwentị. N'akụkụ a, anyị ga-abanye n'ime hormone nke na-eji AMP cyclic dị ka onye ozi nke abụọ ma nyochaa usoro ọrụ ya na mmetụta anụ ahụ.

A na-akpọ hormone a na-ajụ ajụjụ dị ka hormone na-akpali akpali cyclic AMP (cAMP), ebe ọ bụ na isi ọrụ ya bụ ime ka e guzobe cAMP na cell ezubere iche. Ozugbo ewepụtara ya na mgbasa ozi, hormone a na-ejikọta na otu onye na-anabata ya n'ime akpụkpọ ahụ cell, na-akpalite mkpọda ihe omume biochemical nke na-eduga n'ịbawanye ọkwa cAMP intracellular.

Mmụba ⁤cAMP⁤ nwere ọtụtụ mmetụta na ọkwa cellular. Otu n'ime mmetụta bụ isi bụ ịgbalite protein kinase A (PKA), nke n'aka nke ya na-emepụta phosphorylate dị iche iche nke protein na cell. Nke a na-akpalite usoro nzaghachi anụ ahụ, dị ka nhazi nke okwu mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, ibufe ion gafee akpụkpọ ahụ, na mgbanwe nke nzuzo nke hormones na neurotransmitters. Na mgbakwunye, cAMP nwekwara ike iso ndị ozi nke abụọ ndị ọzọ na ụzọ akara na-emekọrịta ihe, na-emewanye nzaghachi cellular na homonụ ahụ.

- Ọrụ dị mkpa nke AMP cyclic na arụ ọrụ cellular

Cyclic AMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) na-arụ ọrụ dị egwu n'ịhazi ọtụtụ ọrụ cellular. Obere molekul a, nke a makwaara dị ka onye ozi nke abụọ, na-arụ ọrụ dị ka mgbama intracellular nke na-ebuli ma na-ebufe ozi site na mpụga cell gaa n'ime ime ya, na-ebute usoro nzaghachi nke ndu.

Otu n'ime isi ọrụ nke AMP cyclic bụ ikike ya iji mee ka enzymes dị iche iche rụọ ọrụ site na ịgbalite protein kinase nke na-adabere na CAMP, nke a na-akwalite usoro cellular dị iche iche, dị ka apoptosis, nkewa sel, nhazi nke njikọ protein na ike metabolism.

Na mgbakwunye, AMP cyclic na-arụkwa ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịgbanwe nzikọrịta ozi ekwentị site na nhazi nke oghere na mmechi nke ọwa ion na akpụkpọ ahụ plasma. Nke a na-enye aka na nnyefe nke mgbaàmà eletrik na anụ ahụ dị ka usoro ụjọ ahụ na ọkpụkpụ skeletal, na-enye ohere nzaghachi ngwa ngwa na nhazi nke mkpali mpụga.

- Usoro nke ịgbalite homonụ na cyclic AMP

Usoro nke homonụ na ịgbalite AMP cyclic bụ ihe dị mkpa iji ghọta ka esi ahazi ọrụ cellular dị iche iche n'ime ahụ. Usoro ndị a dị mgbagwoju anya nke ukwuu ma na-etinye aka n'ọtụtụ dị iche iche nke usoro ahụ ike.

Enwere ụzọ dị iche iche nke hormone nwere ike isi mee ka mmepụta nke AMP cyclic dị na cell. Otu n'ime ụzọ bụ isi bụ site na njikọ nke homonụ na onye na-anabata ya kpọmkwem n'elu cell. Njikọ a na-akpalite usoro ihe omume biochemical nke na-emecha mee ka arụ ọrụ nke enzyme adenylate cyclase rụọ ọrụ. Adenylate cyclase na-ahụ maka ịmegharị ntụgharị nke ATP (adenosine triphosphate) na cyclic AMP.

Ozugbo emepụtara AMP cyclic, ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye ozi nke abụọ, na-ebufe mgbaàmà hormone site na elu cell gaa na nucleus. Na nucleus, cyclic AMP na-eme ka protein kinase na-adabere na cyclic (PKA), nke na-achịkwa ọrụ nke ihe odide ederede dị iche iche ma gbanwee mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa. Na mgbakwunye, cyclic AMP nwekwara mmetụta kpọmkwem na protein dị iche iche na enzymes dị iche iche na-etinye aka na nhazi nke ọrụ cellular dị ka mkpụkọ akwara, ihe nzuzo hormonal, na lipid na carbohydrate metabolism.

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- Mmekọrịta nke homonụ na ndị na-anabata ya

Mmekọrịta nke homonụ na ndị na-anabata sel ya ọ bụ usoro dị mkpa maka nkwurịta okwu na iwu na usoro endocrine. Ndị na-anabata cellular bụ protein ndị pụrụ iche dị na akpụkpọ ahụ cell ma ọ bụ n'ime cell, nke nwere ike ịhọrọ ijikọ na hormone kwekọrọ. Njikọ a na-akpalite usoro ihe omume intracellular nke na-eduga na nzaghachi physiological kpọmkwem.

Enwere ụdị nnabata cellular dị iche iche maka homonụ dị iche iche, nke ọ bụla nwere njirimara na ọrụ akọwapụtara. Ụfọdụ n'ime ụdị ndị na-anabata homonụ gụnyere:

  • Ndị na-anabata Membrane: Ha dị n'elu cell ma na-ahụ maka nnyefe nke extracellular signals n'ime ime cell. Ndị nnabata ndị a na-arụ ọrụ ụzọ mgbaàmà intracellular site na ịgbalite protein G ma ọ bụ phosphorylation protein.
  • Ndị nnata nuklia: A na-achọta ha na nucleus nke cell ma bụrụ ndị ọkachamara na nhazi nke okwu mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa. Mgbe ejikọta ya na hormone ahụ, ndị na-anabata ya na-akwaga na nucleus na-ejikọta ya na usoro DNA dị iche iche, nke na-agbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na, ya mere, njikọ protein.
  • Ndị na-anabata cytoplasmic: A na-achọta ha na cytoplasm nke cell ma nwee ike ịhazi ọrụ nke enzymes ma ọ bụ ọrụ nke akụkụ ahụ. Ndị na-anabata ya nwere ike ijikọ ozugbo na hormone ma ọ bụ chọọ tupu ịmalite ya site na enzymes kpọmkwem.

Na nchịkọta, mmekọrịta nke hormone ahụ na ndị na-anabata ya bụ usoro dị mgbagwoju anya na nke a na-achịkwa nke ukwuu nke na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na mgbasa ozi mgbaàmà na nzaghachi anụ ahụ na ihe ọmụma nke ụdị dị iche iche nke ndị na-anabata ya na usoro nke Associated edinam dị mkpa iji ghọta mmetụta mmepụta nke homonụ n'ime ahụ.

- Mmetụta anụ ahụ nke homonụ na cyclic AMP

Hormone na cyclic AMP na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ọtụtụ usoro physiological na ahụ. N'okpuru bụ ụfọdụ mmetụta dị mkpa nke ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị a nwere n'ahụ anyị:

- Usoro nke metabolism: Cyclic AMP na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye ozi intracellular ma na-ekere òkè na ịgbalite lipolysis, usoro nke ejiri lipids echekwara dị ka isi iyi ike. Na mgbakwunye, ọ na-akpali gluconeogenesis, nke mejupụtara nguzobe nke glucose sitere na ihe ndị na-abụghị carbohydrate. N'ụzọ dị otú a, hormone na cyclic AMP na-enye aka n'ịkwado nguzozi ike zuru oke.

– njikwa ọbara mgbali: ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị a na-arụ ọrụ dị oke mkpa n'ịhazi ọbara mgbali elu. Hormone na cyclic AMP na-akwalite izu ike nke arịa ọbara, na-ebute mbelata nke nguzogide vaskụla na ya mere mbelata ọbara mgbali na mgbakwunye, cyclic AMP na-etinyekwa aka na mgbochi nke secretion nke aldosterone, hormone nke na-etinye aka na ya. nhazi nke sodium na potassium n'ime ahụ.

- Mgbanwe nke ọrụ neuronal: Ma hormone na cyclic AMP nwere mmetụta banyere usoro ụjọ ahụ. N'otu aka ahụ, ha na-enye aka na mgbanwe nke ntọhapụ nke neurotransmitters, dị ka dopamine na serotonin, nke na-etinye aka na nhazi nke ọnọdụ na omume. N'aka nke ọzọ, ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị a na-etinyekwa aka na synaptic plasticity, usoro nke na-enye ohere ịmegharị neuronal na mmụta.

- Mmetụta ahụike na ọgwụgwọ nke hormone na cyclic AMP

Mmetụta ahụike na ọgwụgwọ nke hormone na cyclic AMP

Hormone na cyclic AMP bụ ihe ndị bụ isi na nhazi nke ọtụtụ usoro cellular na physiological na ahụ mmadụ. Mmetụta ya sitere na ọrụ endocrine ruo na sistem ụjọ na nzaghachi mgbochi. N'okpuru bụ ụfọdụ n'ime ihe gbasara ahụike na ọgwụgwọ kachasị mkpa metụtara hormone na cyclic AMP:

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1. Usoro endocrine: Hormone na cyclic AMP na-arụ ọrụ dị oke mkpa na nhazi nke usoro endocrine dị iche iche, dị ka mmepụta na mwepụta nke homonụ site na gland endocrine. Ọzọkwa, ihe ndị a na-etinye aka na mgbaàmà nke homonụ na anụ ahụ e lekwasịrị anya, si otú a na-enye aka na ịnọgide na-enwe nguzozi nke hormonal na ahụ.

2. Ọrịa metabolic: Nnyocha dị iche iche egosila itinye aka nke hormone na cyclic AMP na pathophysiology nke ọrịa metabolic, dị ka ụdị ọrịa shuga 2 na oke ibu. Arụghị ọrụ nke ụzọ mgbaàmà nke ogige ndị a nwere ike ime ka adịghị mma na glucose metabolism na nhazi agụụ, nke na-enye aka na mmepe nke ọrịa ndị a. Ya mere, ọmụmụ nke usoro ndị a dị mkpa maka ịmepụta usoro ọgwụgwọ dị irè.

3. Ọrịa Neuropsychiatric: The hormone na cyclic AMP na-etinyekwa aka na pathophysiology nke ọrịa neuropsychiatric, dị ka ịda mbà n'obi na schizophrenia. Ụzọ mgbaàmà ndị a na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na ọrụ neuronal, synaptic plasticity na neurotransmission, na-atụ aro mkpa ha na mmepe na ọgwụgwọ nke ọrịa ndị a. Usoro ọgwụgwọ ezubere iji gbanwee akara ngosi homonụ na cyclic AMP nwere ike ịnọchite anya ihe ọzọ na-ekwe nkwa maka njikwa nsogbu ndị a.

- Nnyocha dị ugbu a na AMP cyclic dị ka onye ozi nke abụọ na ọrụ ekwentị

Nnyocha dị ugbu a na cyclic AMP⁢ dị ka onye ozi nke abụọ na arụ ọrụ ekwentị

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) bụ onye mgbasa ozi intracellular dị mkpa nke na-ebute nzaghachi cellular dị iche iche. Ugbu a, a na-eme ọtụtụ nyocha iji ghọta nke ọma ọrụ cAMP dị ka onye ozi nke abụọ na arụ ọrụ ekwentị. E gosipụtara ụfọdụ nchọcha a ma ama na mpaghara a n'okpuru:

1. Iwu nke akara ngosi cAMP

  • Ọmụmụ nke enzymes maka njikọ na mmebi nke cAMP.
  • Nyocha nke ndị nnabata protein jikọtara ọnụ nke G na-arụ ọrụ ma ọ bụ gbochie mmepụta cAMP.
  • Nyocha nke usoro mbufe caMP dị iche iche n'ofe akpụkpọ ahụ cell.

2. Ọrụ nke cAMP na arụ ọrụ cellular

  • Ọmụmụ nke ịgbalite ma ọ bụ mgbochi ⁢ nke enzymes akọwapụtara site na cAMP.
  • Nyocha nke usoro mgbasa ozi cAMP nke usoro mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa.
  • Nnyocha nke ụzọ mgbaàmà intracellular nke ⁢cAMP na-esonye.

3. Clinical na ọgwụgwọ mmetụta

  • Nyochaa ebumnuche ọgwụgwọ enwere ike dabere na mgbanwe nke akara caMP.
  • Ọmụmụ nke ọrịa na nsogbu metụtara mgbanwe na ụzọ akara caMP.
  • Nchọpụta usoro ọgwụgwọ ọgwụgwọ bụ iji weghachi cAMP homeostasis na sel ndị ọrịa.

Nnyocha ndị a dị ugbu a na-eme ka ìhè ọhụrụ dị na mkpa cAMP dị ka onye ozi nke abụọ na-arụ ọrụ cellular, ma nwee ike inwe mmetụta dị mkpa na mmepe nke usoro ọgwụgwọ ọhụrụ na nghọta nke ọrịa ndị metụtara nkwụsị nke ụzọ caMP.

Ajụjụ & Ajụjụ

Ajụjụ: Gịnị bụ cyclic AMP na kedu ka o si eme dị ka onye ozi nke abụọ na arụ ọrụ ekwentị?
A: Cyclic AMP, ma ọ bụ cyclic adenosine monophosphate, bụ ihe dị mkpa molekul na nnyefe nke intracellular mgbaàmà. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye ozi nke abụọ mgbe ụfọdụ homonụ na-ejikọta na ndị na-anabata ya na akpụkpọ ahụ. Njikọ nke ligand na onye na-anabata ya na-ebute ihe omume nke na-ebute mmụba na ọkwa AMP cyclic intracellular.

Ajụjụ: Gịnị bụ isi homonụ na-eji AMP cyclic dị ka onye ozi nke abụọ?
A: Ụfọdụ n'ime isi homonụ na-eji cyclic AMP dị ka onye ozi nke abụọ gụnyere epinephrine, norepinephrine, adrenaline, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) na glucagon. Hormone ndị a na-ejikọta na ndị na-anabata ha kpọmkwem na akpụkpọ ahụ cell na ⁢ na-ebute ọtụtụ ihe omume na-ebute njikọ nke AMP cyclic intracellular.

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Ajụjụ: Kedu ka esi emepụta AMP cyclic? ọkwa cellular?
A: A na-emepụta AMP cyclic site na adenosine triphosphate (ATP) site na ọrụ nke enzyme adenylate cyclase. Mgbe homonụ na-ejikọta ya na onye na-anabata ya na akpụkpọ ahụ cell, ọ na-eme ka adenylate cyclase rụọ ọrụ ma na-akwalite ntụgharị nke ATP na cyclic AMP. Nke a na-ebute mmụba na ọkwa AMP cyclic intracellular, na-ebute ọtụtụ nzaghachi cellular.

Ajụjụ: Gịnị bụ ọrụ nke cyclic AMP na cell edinam?
A: AMP cyclic nwere ọrụ dị iche iche na arụ ọrụ ekwentị. Ọ na-eme ka mmalite nke protein kinase A, nke na-emepụta phosphorylates ma na-arụ ọrụ dị iche iche nke protein cellular, na-eduga na nhazi nke ọtụtụ usoro physiological. Na mgbakwunye, AMP cyclic nwekwara ike ịhazi ọwa ion na okwu mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, na-emetụta usoro dị ka metabolism, nzuzo, na uto cell.

Ajụjụ: Kedu ihe na-eme ma ọ bụrụ na enwere mmụba ogologo oge na ọkwa AMP cyclic?
A: Mmụba ogologo oge na ọkwa AMP cyclic intracellular nwere ike inwe nnukwu nsonaazụ na ọrụ cellular. Ọ nwere ike ịkpata ụbara phosphorylation nke protein cellular, nke nwere ike ibute mgbanwe na ọrụ cellular ma ọ bụ ọbụna ọnwụ. cell ọnwụ emebere. Na mgbakwunye, ọ nwere ike imetụta mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ma gbanwee nghọta nke ndị na-anabata cellular na homonụ na-akpali akpali, nke nwere ike ịgbanwe nzaghachi cellular nkịtị.

Ajụjụ: Enwere ọrịa metụtara arụ ọrụ nke AMP cyclic dị ka onye ozi nke abụọ?
A:⁤ Ee, arụrụ ọrụ n'okporo ụzọ akara AMP cyclic egosila na ọ jikọtara ya na ọrịa dị iche iche, dị ka ọrịa thyroid-stimulating hormone resistance syndrome, ọrịa obi, ọrịa metabolic, na ụfọdụ ụdị ọrịa kansa. Ịghọta ụzọ akara AMP cyclic na ọrụ ya na arụ ọrụ cellular bụ ihe dị mkpa maka mmepe nke usoro ọgwụgwọ ezubere maka ọrịa ndị a.

Echiche n'ọdịnihu

Na nchịkọta, hormone nke na-eji cyclic AMP dị ka onye ozi nke abụọ mgbe ọ na-eme ihe na cellular bụ usoro na-adọrọ mmasị nke na-akpalite usoro ihe omume dị mkpa na ntụgharị mgbaàmà. Cyclic AMP, nke sitere na ntinye nke onye na-anabata homonụ, na-arụ ọrụ dị ka molekul ozi intracellular, na-amalite mgbanwe mgbanwe biochemical nke na-ejedebe na nzaghachi cellular chọrọ.

Site na ịgbalite cyclic AMP-based protein kinase (PKA), cyclic AMP na-agbanwe ọrụ nke protein na enzymes dị iche iche, si otú a na-ahazi usoro dị mkpa dị ka njikọ protein na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa. Mmekọrịta chiri anya a dị n'etiti hormone, cyclic AMP na PKA na-enye ohere maka nkwalite na nhazi nke mgbaàmà hormonal, na-eme ka nzaghachi cellular zuru oke na nke ọma.

Ọzọkwa, cyclic AMP dị ka onye ozi nke abụọ na-enye nkọwa dị elu n'omume ya, ebe ọ bụ na a na-emepụta ya naanị na nzaghachi na njikọ nke hormone na onye na-anabata ya. Nke a na-enye njikwa siri ike na nzaghachi ekwentị, na-ezere nzaghachi achọghị ma ọ bụ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị.

Na mmechi, ịghọta ọrụ AMP cyclic dị ka onye ozi nke abụọ n'omume ekwentị dị mkpa iji kpughee usoro ndị na-ebute ọtụtụ usoro physiological na pathological. Netwọk nrịbama a dị mgbagwoju anya na-enye anyị ohere ịghọta ka homonụ si enwe ike ịhazi na gbanwee ọrụ cellular nke ọma na nke ọma. Obi abụọ adịghị ya, ngalaba ọmụmụ a ga-aga n'ihu na-agbasawanye ma mepụta nchọpụta na-akpali akpali n'ọdịnihu.