mmega ahụ pH na pOH

N'ihe gbasara kemistri, ọmụmụ nke pH na pOH dị mkpa iji ghọta njirimara nke ngwọta mmiri na ọkwa ha nke acidity ma ọ bụ isi. Ihe omume ndị a pH na pOH Ha na-ahapụ ụmụ akwụkwọ ka ha nweta nkà bara uru n'ịchọpụta na ijikwa ịdị ukwuu ndị a, yana ime ka ihe ọmụma ha sikwuo ike gbasara itule acid-base. N'ime edemede a, anyị ga-enyocha ụdị pH na pOH dị iche iche dị oke mkpa maka mmụta na itinye ụkpụrụ kemịkalụ n'ọrụ nke ọma na ụlọ nyocha.

1. Okwu mmeghe nke pH na pOH

N'akụkụ a, a ga-enye mmeghe zuru oke nke pH na pOH. pH na pOH bụ echiche ndị bụ isi na kemistri na-enye anyị ohere ịlele acidity ma ọ bụ alkalinity nke ngwọta. Iji ghọta echiche ndị a, ọ dị mkpa ịmata ụfọdụ isi ntọala kemịl na njirimara nke acid na bases.

Nke mbụ, a ga-akọwa ya ihe pH bụ na otu esi gbakọọ ya. pH bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ nke na-egosi ntinye nke ion hydronium (H +) na ngwọta. Enwere ike ikpebi ya site na iji usoro: pH = -log[H+]. a ga-enye ihe atụ na mmega ahụ bara uru iji nyere aka ịghọta otu esi agbakọ pH nke ngwọta dị iche iche.

Mgbe ahụ, a ga-edozi echiche nke pOH, nke bụ ntụgharị nke pH ma jiri ya tụọ ntinye nke ion hydroxyl (OH-) na ngwọta. A na-eme ngụkọta nke pOH n'ụzọ yiri nke pH, na-eji usoro: pOH = -log [OH-]. A ga-ewepụta ihe atụ zuru ezu yana otu esi ejikọta pH na pOH na ngwọta ga-akọwa.

2. Nkọwa nke echiche nke pH na pOH

pH na pOH bụ echiche ndị bụ isi na kemistri na-enye anyị ohere ịlele ọkwa acidity ma ọ bụ alkalinity nke ihe dị na ngwọta. A kọwapụtara pH dị ka logarithm na-adịghị mma nke ntinye nke ion hydronium (H⁺) na ngwọta, ebe pOH bụ logarithm na-adịghị mma nke ntinye nke ion hydroxide (OH).^–), nakwa na ngwọta.

A na-egosipụta pH na pOH n'ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ 0 ruo 14, yana 7 na-egosi ngwọta na-anọpụ iche. Ọ bụrụ na pH erughị 7, a na-ewere ya dị ka acidic, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ karịrị 7, a na-ewere ya dị ka isi ma ọ bụ ngwọta alkaline. Ya mere, pH na pOH nwere njikọ chiri anya: ka pH dị elu, na-ebelata pOH; na nke ọzọ. Nchikota pH na pOH na-akọrọ 14 mgbe niile.

Iji gbakọọ uru pH ma ọ bụ pOH nke ngwọta, a na-eji nha anya: pH = -log[H⁺] na pOH = -log [OH^–]. Ebe a, [H⁺] na [OH^–] na-anọchite anya mkpokọta hydronium na ion hydroxide na mol/L, n'otu n'otu. Ọ dị mkpa icheta na a na-agbakọ logarithm na isi 10, ya mere nke dị mkpa Jiri mgbako sayensị ma ọ bụ tebụl logarithms chọpụta ụkpụrụ.

3. Ngụkọta pH nke ngwọta acid

Na kemịkalụ, pH bụ nha ejiri chọpụta acidity ma ọ bụ isi ihe ngwọta. Ọ nwere ike ịdị mgbagwoju anya, mana ọ dị nnọọ mfe ma ọ bụrụ na ị na-agbaso usoro kwesịrị ekwesị. A ga-akọwapụta usoro a n'okpuru. nzọụkwụ site na nzọụkwụ Iji gbakọọ pH nke ngwọta acid:

1. Kpebie ntinye nke ion hydronium (H3O +) na ngwọta acid. Nke a Enwere ike ime ya iji usoro nke acid nyere na ionization ya mgbe niile. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụrụ na anyị nwere ngwọta nke acetic acid na ntinye nke 0.1 M, anyị nwere ike iji ionization mgbe niile nke acetic acid chọta ntinye nke ion hydronium.

2. Jiri usoro a: pH = -log[H3O+]. Ozugbo ị nwere mkpokọta hydronium ion, ị nwere ike iji usoro a iji chọpụta pH nke ngwọta acid. Were logarithm na-adịghị mma nke mkpokọta ion hydronium na nsonaazụ ga-abụ pH nke ngwọta.

3. Ọ bụrụ na achọrọ, enwere ike nyochaa nsonaazụ ya site na iji akwụkwọ egosi pH ma ọ bụ mita pH. Ụzọ ndị a ga-enye nkwenye ọzọ na agbakọ pH mere nke ọma. Agbanyeghị, ọ dị mkpa iburu n'obi na ụzọ ndị a nwere ike ọ gaghị abụ nke ziri ezi dịka mgbako mgbakọ na mwepụ.

Cheta na pH bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ logarithmic, nke pụtara na mgbanwe otu ọnụọgụ na nha pH na-anọchi anya mgbanwe okpukpu 10 na mkpokọta hydronium ion. Enwekwara ngwaọrụ na ihe mgbako dị n'ịntanetị iji mee ka ngụkọ a dị mfe na ngwa ngwa. Anyị na-atụ anya na ntuziaka a ga-enyere gị aka gbakọọ pH nke ngwọta acidic! nke ọma y precisa!

4. Ngụkọta pH nke ihe ngwọta bụ isi

Iji gbakọọ pH nke ihe ngwọta bụ isi, ọ dị mkpa ịtụle njirimara nke acids na bases. pH bụ ihe atụ nke acidity ma ọ bụ alkalinity nke ngwọta, a pụkwara ikpebi ya site na iji pH ọnụ ọgụgụ nke sitere na 0 (ọtụtụ acidic) ruo 14 (kasị isi). N'ihe banyere ngwọta bụ isi, pH ga-adị n'elu 7. N'okpuru ebe a bụ nkọwa usoro ndị ị ga-eso iji gbakọọ pH nke ihe ngwọta bụ isi.

1. Chọpụta OH-elion na ngwọta bụ isi. A na-ewere ion a dị ka ntọala siri ike ma dị na ntinye uche dị elu na ngwọta bụ isi. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụrụ na anyị na-arụ ọrụ na ngwọta sodium hydroxide (NaOH), NaOH ga-ekewa n'ime sodium ions (Na +) na hydroxyl ions (OH-).

• Maka ihe atụ nsogbu, ka anyị tụlee ngwọta sodium hydroxide na ntinye nke 0.1 M.

2. Tinye usoro pH. Usoro iji gbakọọ pH nke ngwọta bụ isi bụ pH = -log [OH-]. N'okwu a, anyị na-eji logarithm na-adịghị mma nke mkpokọta ion hydroxyl na mol / L. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụrụ na ntinye nke OH- bụ 0.1 M, ngụkọ ga-abụ pH = -log (0.1).

• N'ihe banyere ngwọta sodium hydroxide anyị na ntinye nke 0.1 M, ngụkọta pH ga-abụ pH = -log (0.1).

3. Gbakọọ pH site na iji mgbako sayensị ma ọ bụ tebụl logarithm. Ozugbo enwetara okwu ahụ, anyị ga-eji igwe mgbako sayensị nke nwere ọrụ logarithm ma ọ bụ lelee tebụl logarithms. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, nsonaazụ nke ngụkọta oge ga-abụ pH = -1.

• N'ihe atụ anyị, pH nke ngwọta sodium hydroxide na ntinye nke 0.1 M ga-abụ pH = -1.

5. Ihe omume mgbako pH bara uru

Na ngalaba a, anyị ga-ewetara gị usoro mmemme bara uru iji gbakọọ pH nke ngwọta dị iche iche. N'ime mmega ahụ niile, anyị ga-eduzi gị site na nkwụsịtụ site na idozi nsogbu ahụ, na-enye gị nkuzi, ndụmọdụ bara uru, na ihe atụ doro anya.

Iji malite, ọ dị mkpa icheta na pH bụ ihe atụ nke acidity ma ọ bụ alkalinity nke ngwọta. A na-egosipụta ya na ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụ nke na-esi na 0 ruo 14, ebe 7 na-anọchite anya pH na-anọpụ iche. A pH ihe na-erughị 7 na-egosi acidity, ebe pH karịrị 7 na-egosi alkalinity.

N'ime mmega ahụ ọ bụla, anyị ga-enye gị data dị mkpa, dị ka ntinye nke ụfọdụ ihe kemịkal ma ọ bụ ihe ndị dị mkpa. Anyị ga-eji usoro dị iche iche na nha anya iji gbakọọ pH. Jide n'aka na ị nwere mgbako sayensị n'aka, dịka n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, ị ga-achọ ịgbakọ mgbakọ na mwepụ.

6. Mmekọrịta dị n'etiti pH na pOH: mmegharị mgbanwe

Mmekọrịta dị n'etiti pH na pOH bụ echiche bụ isi na kemịkalụ acid-base. pH na-ezo aka na ntinye nke ion hydrogen na ngwọta, ebe pOH na-ezo aka na ntinye nke ion hydroxide. Akụkụ abụọ a na-ejikọta ibe ha site na pH scale, nke bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ logarithmic nke sitere na 0 ruo 14. N'akụkụ a, anyị ga-amụta otú e si agbanwe pH na pOH na nke ọzọ.

Iji gbanwee site na pH gaa na pOH, anyị nwere ike iji usoro a:
pH = 14 - pH

Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụrụ na anyị nwere ngwọta na pH nke 3, anyị na-ewepụ pH site na 14 iji nweta pOH:
pOH = 14-3 = 11

Iji gbanwee site na pOH gaa pH, anyị na-eji usoro a:
pH = 14 - pOH

Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụrụ na anyị nwere ngwọta na pOH nke 8, anyị na-ewepụ pOH na 14 iji nweta pH:
pH = 14-8 = 6

Cheta na pH na pOH bụ ihe mgbakwunye, yabụ ọ bụrụ na anyị maara otu n'ime ha, anyị nwere ike gbakọọ nke ọzọ site na iji usoro ndị a kpọtụrụ aha n'elu. Ọ dịkwa mkpa ịmara na na ngwọta na-anọpụ iche, pH na pOH nwere uru nke 7.

7. mgbatị mgbako pOH

POH bụ ihe nleba anya nke ion hydroxyl na ngwọta mmiri. A na-agbakọ ya site na iji usoro pOH = -log [OH-]. Iji dozie , ọ dị mkpa ịmara ntinye nke ion hydroxyl na ngwọta.

Nke mbụ, a ghaghị inweta ntinye nke ion hydroxyl na moles kwa liter (M). Ọ bụrụ na ị maara uru pH, ị nwere ike iji mmekọrịta ndị a: pH + pOH = 14. Ya mere, ọ bụrụ na ị nwere uru pH, ị nwere ike wepụ ya na 14 iji nweta uru pOH.

Ọ bụrụ na amaghi uru pH, enwere ike iji ntinye nke ion hydrogen (H +) iji chọpụta ntinye nke ion hydroxyl. A na-eme nke a site na iji usoro Kw = [H+] [OH-], ebe Kw bụ ionization na-adịgide adịgide nke mmiri (1 × 10 ^ -14 na 25 ° C). Ọ bụrụ na amaara ntinye uche H +, mmadụ nwere ike dozie maka ntinye uche OH wee gbakọọ pOH site na iji usoro a kpọtụrụ aha n'elu.

8. Ịdozi nsogbu nguzozi acid-base site na iji pH na pOH

Ọ nwere ike ịbụ usoro dị mgbagwoju anya, mana site n'ịgbaso usoro dị mfe ole na ole ị nwere ike iru ngwọta ziri ezi. Nke mbụ, ọ dị mkpa ịghọta nkọwa nke pH na pOH. pH bụ ihe atụ nke acidity nke ngwọta, ebe pOH na-atụle alkalinity. A na-egosipụta ụkpụrụ abụọ ahụ n'ọtụtụ 0 ruo 14, ebe 7 na-anọpụ iche, ụkpụrụ dị n'elu 7 na-egosi alkalinity, ụkpụrụ dị n'okpuru 7 na-egosi acidity.

Nzọụkwụ mbụ na-edozi nsogbu acid-base equilibrium bụ ikpebi ma ngwọta ọ bụ acidic ma ọ bụ nke bụ isi. Nke a bụ enwere ike ime na-agbakọ pH ma ọ bụ pOH nke ngwọta. A na-agbakọ pH site na iji usoro pH = -log[H +], ebe [H+] na-anọchi anya ntinye nke ion hydrogen na ngwọta. N'aka nke ọzọ, a na-agbakọ pOH site na iji usoro pOH = -log [OH-], ebe [OH-] na-anọchite anya ntinye nke ion hydroxide na ngwọta. Ozugbo e nwetara pH uru ma ọ bụ pOH, enwere ike ikpebi ma ngwọta bụ acidic (pH <7), isi (pH> 7), ma ọ bụ na-anọpụ iche (pH = 7).

Ozugbo achọpụtara ma ngwọta ọ bụ acidic ma ọ bụ nke bụ isi, anyị nwere ike ịga n'ihu dozie nsogbu ahụ kpọmkwem. Ọ bụrụ na nke a bụ nsogbu acid-base equilibrium acid, enwere ike iji mmekọrịta acid-base equilibrium, dị ka nha nha mgbe niile Ka. Ọ bụrụ na nke a bụ nsogbu nha nha acid-base na ntọala, enwere ike iji mmekọrịta acid-base equilibrium, dị ka nha nha mgbe niile Kb Iji dozie nsogbu ahụ, mmadụ ga-eguzobe nha nhata wee jiri ụkpụrụ nke pH ma ọ bụ pOH. iji gbakọọ mkpokọta ion na ngwọta. Ozugbo enwetara mkpokọta, nwere ike iji iji gbakọọ ọnụọgụ ọ bụla ọzọ achọrọ na nsogbu ahụ, dị ka ntinye nke otu acid ma ọ bụ isi.

9. Ngwa nke pH na pOH omume na ngwọta nchekwa

Iji tinye ihe omume pH na pOH na ngwọta nchekwa, ọ dị mkpa ịghọta ihe ngwọta nchekwa bụ yana otu esi emepụta ha. Ngwọta nchekwa bụ ngwakọta nke acid na-adịghị ike na ntọala njikọ ya, ma ọ bụ isi adịghị ike na acid conjugate ya, nke na-eguzogide mgbanwe dị ịrịba ama na pH mgbe agbakwunyere obere acid ma ọ bụ isi.

Nzọụkwụ mbụ iji dozie ụdị mmega ahụ a bụ ịchọpụta akụkụ nke ngwọta nchekwa na mkpokọta ha. Ozugbo amata data ndị a, enwere ike iji usoro kwesịrị ekwesị gbakọọ pH ma ọ bụ pOH. N'ihe gbasara ngwọta acid-base, a na-agbakọ pH site na iji usoro -log[H+], ebe [H+] na-anọchite anya ntinye nke ions hydrogen na ngwọta. N'aka nke ọzọ, pOH nwere ike gbakọọ site na iji usoro -log[OH-], ebe [OH-] na-anọchite anya ntinye nke ion hydroxide na ngwọta.

Ọ dị mkpa ịmara na, na ngwọta nchekwa, pH na pOH adịghị agbanwe nke ọma mgbe agbakwunyere obere acid ma ọ bụ isi. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụrụ na agbakwunyere nnukwu acid ma ọ bụ isi, nguzozi na ngwọta nchekwa na-emetụta na pH ma ọ bụ pOH nwere ike ịgbanwe. Iji dozie nsogbu gụnyere mmetụta nke mgbakwunye dị ịrịba ama nke acid ma ọ bụ isi, ọ bụ ihe amamihe dị na ya iji tebụl Hendersson-Hasselbalch, nke metụtara pH ma ọ bụ pOH na ntinye nke acid na isi na ngwọta.

10. Ihe omume maka ịgbakọ pH na mmeghachi omume kemịkal

Ịgbakọ pH na mmeghachi omume kemịkal dị mkpa iji ghọta acidity ma ọ bụ alkalinity nke ihe. Site na mmega ahụ ndị a, ị ga-enwe ike ịme ma wusie nkà gị ike n'ịgbakọ pH. N'ebe a, anyị na-enye gị ntụziaka nzọụkwụ site na iji dozie nsogbu ndị a.

1. Chọpụta acid ma ọ bụ isi na-etinye aka na mmeghachi omume ahụ ma chọpụta nkwụsịtụ ya mgbe niile (Ka ma ọ bụ Kb). Nke a mgbe niile na-agwa gị ka acid ma ọ bụ isi na-ekewa n'ime mmiri ngwa ngwa. Cheta na nbibi nke acid na-emepụta ion H+ (hydrogen) ebe nkwụsị nke isi na-emepụta ion OH- (hydroxide).

2. Jiri okwu Ka ma ọ bụ Kb gbakọọ mkpokọta H+ ma ọ bụ OH-ion na ngwọta. A na-enweta okwu a site na nhazi nha kemịkalụ nke mmeghachi omume. Ọzọkwa, buru n'uche na stoichiometry nke mmeghachi omume iji gbakọọ mkpokọta nke ngwaahịa na reactants.

3. Gbakọọ logarithm na-adịghị mma nke ntinye nke H+ ma ọ bụ OH-ion iji nweta pH ma ọ bụ pOH n'otu n'otu. Cheta na a kọwapụtara pH dị ka logarithm na-adịghị mma nke mkpokọta H+ ion. N'ikpeazụ, iji nweta pOH, wepụ pH na 14.

11. Acid-base titration omume na pH pụta

Omume titration acid-base na ngụkọ nke pH na-esi na ya pụta bụ isi na kemistri nyocha. Site na mmemme ndị a, anyị nwere ike ikpebi ọnụọgụ acid ma ọ bụ isi dị na ngwọta yana pH kwekọrọ. N'okpuru bụ usoro zuru ezu iji dozie ụdị nsogbu a.

1. Mara mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ: ihe mbụ anyị ga-eme bụ ịghọta mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ dị na titration. Nke a ga-enye anyị ohere ịchọpụta acid na isi dị ugbu a, yana chọpụta stoichiometry nke mmeghachi omume.

2. Gbakọọ moles nke acid ma ọ bụ isi: Ozugbo anyị matara stoichiometry nke mmeghachi omume, anyị nwere ike iji ya gbakọọ mole nke acid ma ọ bụ isi dị na ngwọta. Iji mee nke a, anyị kwesịrị ịma ntinye na olu nke reagent anyị na-eji.

3. Gbakọọ pH nke na-esi na ya pụta: Ozugbo anyị nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ nke moles nke acid ma ọ bụ isi, anyị nwere ike iji ozi a gbakọọ pH na-esi na ya pụta. Iji mee nke a, anyị kwesịrị iburu n'uche nha nha mgbe niile nke mmeghachi omume, nke ga-agwa anyị ma ọ bụrụ na ihe ngwọta ga-esi na ya pụta bụ acidic, isi ma ọ bụ na-anọpụ iche.

Ọ dị mkpa icheta na idozi mmemme titration acid-base na ịgbakọ pH ga-esi na ya pụta chọrọ ezigbo ihe ọmụma nke echiche kemịkal na omume. Egbula oge iji ngwaọrụ dịka mgbako pH ma ọ bụ kpọtụrụ onye nkuzi gị ka ọ dokwuo anya ajụjụ ọ bụla ị nwere ike inwe. Cheta ịgbaso usoro ndị a zuru oke ma jiri ihe atụ mee ka nka zuru oke na isiokwu a.

12. pH na pOH na-eme ihe na ndụ kwa ụbọchị

pH na pOH bụ echiche ndị bụ isi na kemistri nke a na-eji tụọ acidity ma ọ bụ alkalinity nke ngwọta. Echiche ndị a nwere ngwa bara uru na ndụ anyị kwa ụbọchị. N'okpuru bụ ụfọdụ omume ga-enyere gị aka ịghọta nke ọma ka pH na pOH si etinye n'ọnọdụ dị adị.

1. Gbakọọ pH nke ihe ọṅụṅụ lemon: Iji chọpụta pH nke ngwọta, anyị ga-ebu ụzọ mara ntinye nke ion hydrogen (H+) na ya. N'ihe banyere ihe ọṅụṅụ lemon, ntinye H + ya bụ 1 x 10 ^-2 M. N'iji usoro pH, nke bụ pH = -log[H +], anyị nwere ike gbakọọ pH nke ngwọta a. Dochie uru ntinye uche, anyị na-enweta pH = -log (1 x 10^-2) = 2

2. Kpebisie ike na pOH nke ngwọta lye: Iji gbakọọ pOH, anyị kwesịrị ịma ntinye nke ion hydroxide (OH-) na ngwọta. Were ya na ntinye uche nke OH- na ngwọta lye bụ 1 x 10^-3 M. Iji nweta pOH, anyị na-eji usoro pOH = -log[OH-]. Dochie uru ntinye uche, anyị nwere pOH = -log (1 x 10^-3) = 3

3. Gbakọọ pH nke ngwọta hydrochloric acid: Were ya na anyị nwere ngwọta hydrochloric acid na ntinye H + nke 1 x 10^-1 M. N'iji usoro pH, anyị nwere ike nweta pH = -log (1 x 10 ^-1). ) = 1. Ya mere, ngwọta hydrochloric acid nwere pH nke 1, na-egosi na ọ bụ ngwọta acidic.

13. Ihe omume pH na pOH dị elu maka ụmụ akwụkwọ ọkwa kọleji

Na ngalaba a, ị ga-ahụ mmega ahụ dị elu dị iche iche metụtara pH na pOH, emebere ya maka ụmụ akwụkwọ nọ n'ọkwa kọleji. Ihe omume ndị a ga-enyere gị aka iwusi nkà gị ike n'ịdozi nsogbu ndị metụtara acidity na isi ihe na ngwọta kemịkal.

N'ime mmega ahụ ọ bụla, a ga-enye nkọwa nzọụkwụ site na otu esi edozi nsogbu ahụ. Nke a ga-agụnye usoro na nha anya dị mkpa, yana ndụmọdụ bara uru maka ịbịaru nso ụdị mmega ahụ ọ bụla. Na mgbakwunye, a ga-ewepụta ihe atụ site na nzọụkwụ na azịza, na-enye gị ohere ịghọta nke ọma ka ị ga-esi nweta azịza ziri ezi.

Iji nweta ihe kachasị na mmemme ndị a, a na-atụ aro ka ị nweta ntọala siri ike na ntọala pH na pOH. Ọ na-enye aka ịmara usoro na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti acids, bases, na pKas nke ha. Site na ihe ọmụma a, ị ga-adị njikere iji obi ike mee ihe ịma aka ndị ka dị elu ewepụtara na ngalaba a.

14. Ntụle ihe ọmụma: nyochaa omume na pH na pOH

N'akụkụ a, anyị ga-egosi usoro nyocha nyocha na pH na pOH, nke ga-enye gị ohere inyocha. ihe ọmụma gị banyere echiche ndị a bụ isi na kemistri. Ka ị na-emecha mmega ahụ, ị ​​nwere ike ịnwale nkà gị n'ịchọpụta pH nke ngwọta na ịgbakọ pOH site na pH.

Iji dozie ihe omume ndị a, ọ dị mkpa icheta na pH bụ ihe atụ nke acidity nke ngwọta ma gbakọọ site na iji usoro: pH = -log[H+]. N'aka nke ọzọ, pOH bụ ihe atụ nke isi ihe ngwọta ma gbakọọ site na iji usoro: pOH = -log[OH-]. Na mgbakwunye, ọ dị mkpa iburu n'uche na pH na pOH bụ akpịrịkpa logarithmic, nke pụtara na mgbanwe nke ọ bụla na pH ma ọ bụ pOH na-anọchi anya mgbanwe okpukpu iri na ntinye nke H+ ma ọ bụ OH-ion, n'otu n'otu.

Usoro bara uru iji dozie mmega ahụ bụ ịgbaso usoro ndị a: Nke mbụ, chọpụta ma ngwọta ọ bụ acidic ma ọ bụ nke bụ isi. Mgbe ahụ, jiri pH ma ọ bụ pOH usoro, dị ka o kwesịrị, gbakọọ uru. Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, gbanwee pH ma ọ bụ pOH uru na ntinye nke H+ ma ọ bụ OH-ion. N'ikpeazụ, nyochaa ma ọ bụrụ na nsonaazụ enwetara dabara na nhazi nke acid ma ọ bụ ntọala gara aga. Cheta na ọ dị mkpa ijikwa nkeji n'ụzọ ziri ezi ma jiri ihe mgbako sayensị mee mgbako dị mgbagwoju anya.

Na mmechi, pH na pOH omume na-enye anyị ohere ịghọta na gbakọọ nke ọma acidity ma ọ bụ alkalinity nke ngwọta. Ngwa ndị a bụ isi na kemistri yana na ngalaba sayensị dị iche iche, dị ka ọgwụ, bayoloji na ụlọ ọrụ. Site n'itinye usoro na ihe ọmụma usoro ihe ọmụma, anyị nwere ike ikpebi ntinye nke hydrogen (H+) ma ọ bụ hydroxide (OH-) ion na ngwọta, nke na-enye anyị ozi dị mkpa banyere àgwà kemịkal ya na ihe onwunwe ya. Ịghọta echiche nke pH na pOH na-enyere anyị aka ịghọta ọdịdị nke ihe dị iche iche, gbanwee pH na ngwọta, mee mgbako ziri ezi, na ime mkpebi kwesịrị ekwesị na gburugburu sayensị. Ọ dị mkpa icheta na pH na pOH bụ nha nke na-enyere anyị aka ịghọta acidity ma ọ bụ alkalinity, enwere ike itinye ya na kemịkalụ bụ isi yana n'ọnọdụ ndị siri ike ebe achọrọ njikwa gburugburu kemịkalụ. N'iburu ozi a n'uche, mmega ahụ pH na pOH na-aghọ ngwa bara uru n'ọmụmụ ihe na nghọta nke kemistri. na ngwa ya n'ụwa ezigbo ya.