Pinocytosis: ihe ọ bụ, otú o si eme, ụdị na ihe atụ

Okwu Mmalite:

Pinocytosis bụ ọrụ cellular pụrụ iche nke na-enyere aka iweta ihe oriri na mkpofu na sel eukaryotic. Usoro a, nke a makwaara dị ka endocytosis mmiri mmiri, na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ime usoro ndu dị iche iche, site na nnabata nke ụmụ irighiri ihe ruo n'usoro iwu. olu cell. N'isiokwu a, anyị ga-enyocha n'ụzọ zuru ezu ihe pinocytosis bụ, otú o si eme na sel, ụdị dị iche iche dị na ihe atụ ndị dị mkpa nke na-egosi mkpa ọ dị na physiology cellular.

1. Okwu Mmalite nke Pinocytosis: Nkọwa na isi echiche

pinocytosis Ọ bụ usoro endocytosis nke mkpụrụ ndụ na-etinye mmiri mmiri na irighiri ihe soluble site na nhazi nke vesicles intracellular. Usoro a maka iweghara ihe ndị gbazere na usoro extracellular dị mkpa maka nri na-edozi ahụ na nhazi nke mkpụrụ ndụ, ebe ọ na-enye ohere ntinye nke nri na mkpochapụ ihe mkpofu. Ọzọkwa, pinocytosis na-arụkwa ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịkwaga ụmụ irighiri ihe na nhazi nke nkwurịta okwu intercellular.

N'oge pinocytosis, akpụkpọ ahụ plasma na-abata na-eme ka vesicle a maara dị ka endosome. Vesicle a nwere mmiri mmiri ma ọ bụ irighiri ihe ejidere ma buru ya banye n'ime cell. Ozugbo n'ime ya, enwere ike ịhazi ihe dị n'ime vesicle ma jiri ya mee ihe site na cell, ma ọ bụ enwere ike wepụ ya site na ụzọ ndị ọzọ, dị ka exocytosis.

Ọ dị mkpa iburu n'obi na pinocytosis bụ usoro na-arụ ọrụ nke chọrọ ike sitere na cell. Ọzọkwa, ọ na-eme na-aga n'ihu ma bụrụ otu n'ime usoro dị mkpa maka iwelite na mkpochapụ ihe ndị dị na sel. N'ime akụkọ a dum, anyị ga-enyocha n'ụzọ zuru ezu akụkụ dị iche iche nke pinocytosis, site na nkọwa ya na echiche bụ isi na usoro molecular na mmetụta physiological nke usoro intracellular a.

2. Mechanism nke Pinocytosis: Otu usoro cellular a si eme

Pinocytosis bụ usoro cellular dị mkpa nke na-enye ohere ịmịnye ihe mmiri mmiri na mkpụrụ ndụ gbazere site na mkpụrụ ndụ. Site n'ụzọ a, mkpụrụ ndụ nwere ike itinye ma bufee nri, protein na mmiri ndị ọzọ.

Usoro nke pinocytosis na-amalite site na nhazi nke invaginations na akpụkpọ ahụ cell, nke a maara dị ka pinocytosis vesicles. A na-emepụta vesicles ndị a site na akụkụ nke akpụkpọ ahụ plasma nke na-apịaji n'ime, na-ewere ụmụ irighiri ihe gbazere n'ime oghere extracellular. Ka vesicle na-etolite, ọ na-emechi ma kewapụ ya na akpụkpọ ahụ plasma, si otú a na-agbanye kpamkpam na cytoplasm nke cell.

Ozugbo etolite pinocytosis vesicle, ọ na-ejikọta na mmalite endosomes na cell cytoplasm. Endosomes ndị a bụ akụkụ ahụ membranous pụrụ iche bụ ndị na-ahụ maka nhazi na nhazi ọdịnaya nke vesicles. N'ime ya, endosomes n'oge na-eme ka usoro ahụ dị acidic, si otú a na-enye ohere ịgbalite enzymes kpọmkwem nke na-agbaji ụmụ irighiri mmiri na-etinye n'ime ya n'ime obere akụkụ. Nbibi a dị oke mkpa maka ojiji na nrigbu nri ndị e nwetara site na pinocytosis.

Enwere ike ibuga ọdịnaya nke endosomes nke mbụ site na usoro endosome-lysosome, ebe nhazi na mmebi ha na-aga n'ihu. Ọzọkwa, enwere ike ịmegharị ụfọdụ ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị a na-etinye site na pinocytosis, na-alaghachi na akpụkpọ ahụ plasma ma ọ bụ jiri ya mee njikọ nke ihe ndị dị na cellular. Na nchịkọta, pinocytosis bụ usoro cellular dị mgbagwoju anya nke na-enye ohere ka mkpụrụ ndụ nweta nri na mmiri mmiri site na gburugburu ebe obibi site na nhazi nke pinocytosis vesicles na nhazi ha na-esote n'ime cell.

3. Ngwa na ihe owuwu metụtara Pinocytosis

Pinocytosis bụ usoro mbufe cellular nke na-agụnye ntinye nke mmiri mmiri na obere ihe n'ime cell. N'okwu a, akpụkpọ ahụ plasma na-etolite invaginations iji jide ihe ma tinye ha n'ime vesicles cytoplasmic. Vesicles ndị ahụ na-akwaga n'ime cell, na-ejikọta na endosomes ma na-ahapụ ha ibu.

E nwere ọtụtụ akụkụ na ihe owuwu ndị na-etinye aka na pinocytosis. Nke mbụ, akpụkpọ ahụ plasma na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ime usoro ahụ, ebe ọ bụ na ọ bụ ya na-ahụ maka ịmepụta mwakpo ndị na-ejide ihe. A na-emepụta mbanye ndị a, nke a maara dị ka coatomers, site na protein ndị na-agbakọta n'ime ogige, na-enye nhazi nke mbata ahụ.

Na mgbakwunye na akpụkpọ ahụ plasma na mkpuchi mkpuchi, ihe ndị ọzọ na-esonye na pinocytosis. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, protein ndị nkwụnye na-ejikọta na mkpuchi mkpuchi na ndị na-anabata ya iji kwado nhazi vesicle. Endosomes, n'akụkụ nke ha, bụ akụkụ nke intracellular nke jikọtara ya na vesicles pinocytic, na-enye ohere ịhapụ ọdịnaya ha n'ime cytoplasm. Na nchịkọta, pinocytosis bụ usoro mgbagwoju anya nke na-agụnye ihe dị iche iche na ihe dị iche iche iji kwe ka ntinye ihe dị n'ime sel. nke ọma.

4. Usoro nhazi nke vesicle n'oge Pinocytosis

N'oge pinocytosis, usoro nhazi nke vesicle dị mkpa maka ijide mmiri nke extracellular na ntinye ya na-esote n'ime cell. Usoro a na-enye ohere ntinye nke nri na ikpochapụ ihe mkpofu, dị mkpa na usoro ndu dị iche iche. N'okpuru bụ usoro ndị bụ isi na-etinye aka na nhazi vesicle n'oge pinocytosis:

1. Nhazi nke mbuso agha: Nzọụkwụ mbụ n'ime usoro nhazi vesicle na-ewere ọnọdụ na akpụkpọ ahụ plasma nke cell. N'oge a, a na-etolite obere invaginations ma ọ bụ indentations na akpụkpọ ahụ, n'ihi ọrụ nke protein ndị pụrụ iche. Protein ndị a, nke a maara dị ka clathrin, na-ekere òkè dị mkpa na nhazi nke vesicles site na ijikọta lipids na akpụkpọ ahụ ma na-ehulata ya n'ime cell.

2. Nhazi nke olulu mmiri mkpuchi: Ozugbo mwakpo ndị ahụ malitere, a na-emepụta ihe a na-akpọ "olulu mkpuchi". clathrin ahụ a kpọtụrụ aha na-ekpuchi olulu ndị a ma na-eme ihe dị ka ihe mgbakwasị maka protein ndị na-etinye aka na nzọụkwụ ọzọ nke usoro ahụ.

3. Mpụpụ Vesicle: Ọwa mmiri ndị ahụ ekpuchiri ekpuchi na-abanye n'ihu ma na-emechi vesicles mkpuchi. N'oge a, a na-ekewa clathrin ma kewapụ ya na vesicles, nke mechara kewapụ na akpụkpọ ahụ plasma, na-ahapụ onwe ya na cytoplasm nke cell. Vesicles ndị a na-ekpuchi ekpuchi nwere mmiri nke extracellular ejidere n'oge usoro pinocytosis ma nwee ike ibuga ya n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke cell maka nhazi na ojiji ọzọ.

Na nchịkọta, ọ na-agụnye ịmepụta invaginations na akpụkpọ ahụ, na-esote ọgbọ nke olulu mmiri na, n'ikpeazụ, nkwụsị nke vesicles mkpuchi. Usoro a na-enye ohere ijide na ntinye nke mmiri extracellular, dị mkpa maka ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma nke mkpụrụ ndụ n'ime usoro ndu dị iche iche.

5. Ụdị Pinocytosis: Endocytosis na-anabata onye na-anabata ya na mmiri mmiri Pinocytosis

Pinocytosis bụ usoro nke mkpụrụ ndụ nwere ike iwepụta mmiri na ihe soluble sitere na gburugburu extracellular. E nwere ụdị pinocytosis dị iche iche, abụọ n'ime ihe ndị a na-ahụkarị bụ endocytosis mediated receptor na pinocytosis mmiri.

Endocytosis nke onye na-anabata ya bụ usoro a na-ahọrọ nke ukwuu nke mkpụrụ ndụ na-amata ma jide ụfọdụ ụmụ irighiri ihe dị na gburugburu extracellular. Iji mee ụdị pinocytosis a, mkpụrụ ndụ na-enye protein ndị na-anabata ihe n'elu ha nke na-ejikọta na ụmụ irighiri ihe. Ozugbo ejikọtara n'etiti onye na-anabata ya na molecule ahụ, sel ahụ na-etolite n'ime akpụkpọ ahụ plasma ya ma mepụta vesicle mkpuchi nke na-abanye n'ime cytoplasm.

N'ụzọ dị iche, pinocytosis mmiri bụ usoro na-adịghị ahọpụta nke cell na-etinye nnukwu mmiri na obere ihe mgbaze dị na etiti. N'adịghị ka endocytosis mgbasa ozi nke nnabata, pinocytosis mmiri adịghị achọ protein nnabata kpọmkwem n'elu cell. Kama nke ahụ, akpụkpọ ahụ plasma na-etolite invaginations mgbe niile na-aga n'ihu, na-ejide mmiri na ụmụ irighiri ihe dị na usoro extracellular. Mwakpo ndị a na-ejikọta, na-akpụ vesicles nke nwere mmiri mmiri na irighiri nri.

Na nchịkọta, pinocytosis bụ usoro dị mkpa maka cell, na-enye ya ohere iburu mmiri mmiri na ihe ndị sitere na extracellular. Ụdị pinocytosis abụọ a na-ahụkarị bụ endocytosis mgbasa ozi na-anabata na mmiri pinocytosis. Ọ bụ ezie na nke mbụ na-ahọrọ nke ọma ma na-achọ protein ndị na-anabata ihe maka njirimara nke ụmụ irighiri ihe dị iche iche, nke abụọ bụ usoro na-adịghị ahọpụta nke na-enye ohere ịnweta oke mmiri na ihe ndị gbazere. Ụdị pinocytosis abụọ a na-ekere òkè dị mkpa na usoro cellular dị iche iche, dị ka ntinye nri na nhazi nke nguzozi mmiri.

6. Ọdịiche dị n'etiti Pinocytosis na usoro endocytosis ndị ọzọ

Pinocytosis bụ usoro nke endocytosis nke na-enye ohere ka mkpụrụ ndụ banye n'ime obere ihe gbazere n'ime mmiri nke extracellular. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-ekerịta ụfọdụ myirịta na usoro endocytosis ndị ọzọ, ọ na-enyekwa njirimara pụrụ iche nke na-ekewa ya na ha. Na-esote, a ga-akọwa ụfọdụ n'ime ọdịiche dị mkpa n'etiti pinocytosis na usoro endocytosis ndị ọzọ.

1. Oke urughuru: Na pinocytosis, mkpụrụ ndụ na-ejide ụmụ irighiri ihe gbazere na mmiri extracellular, dị ka mkpụrụ ndụ protein ma ọ bụ ihe soluble. N'ụzọ dị iche, na phagocytosis, usoro endocytosis ọzọ, mkpụrụ ndụ na-etinye ihe ndị buru ibu, dị ka nje bacteria ma ọ bụ mkpụrụ ndụ nwụrụ anwụ.

2. Nnabata: N'adịghị ka phagocytosis na endocytosis na-eme ka onye na-anabata ya, pinocytosis anaghị achọ ọnụnọ nke ndị na-anabata ya. N'ime endocytosis mediated receptor, mkpụrụ ndụ na-amata ma jikọta ya na ụmụ irighiri ihe ma ọ bụ ihe dị iche iche site na ndị na-anabata elu, na-eduzi ntinye ha.

3. Nhazi Vesicle: N'oge pinocytosis, mkpụrụ ndụ na-etolite obere vesicles a na-akpọ pinocytic vacuoles, nke nwere ihe ndị na-eri nri. Vacuoles ndị a na-ejikọta na lysosomes, ebe mgbaze nke ahụ na-ewere ọnọdụ. N'aka nke ọzọ, na endocytosis mgbasa ozi na-anabata, a na-emepụta vesicles site na mpaghara pụrụ iche nke akpụkpọ ahụ cell, nke a na-akpọ olulu mkpuchi, nke nwere ndị na-anabata elu.

Na nchịkọta, pinocytosis dị iche na usoro endocytosis ndị ọzọ na nha nke irighiri ihe ndị na-eri nri, enweghị ndị na-anabata ya kpọmkwem, na usoro nhazi nke vesicle. Ịghọta ọdịiche ndị a dị mkpa iji ghọta ka mkpụrụ ndụ si ejide ma na-amịkọrọ ihe sitere na gburugburu ebe obibi extracellular.

7. Ihe atụ nke Pinocytosis na sel na ntule

Pinocytosis bụ usoro endocytosis nke cell na-amịkọrọ mmiri mmiri na obere ụmụ irighiri ihe site na mbanye nke akpụkpọ ahụ plasma ya. N'okpuru ebe a bụ ọtụtụ ihe atụ nke pinocytosis n'ụdị sel na ntule dị iche iche.

1. Microorganisms nwere otu cell: Protists, dị ka amoebas na paramecia, na-eji pinocytosis na-eri nri. Ihe microorganisms ndị a nwere ike iri irighiri irighiri nri site na imepụta vesicles n'ime akpụkpọ ahụ plasma. Ozugbo n'ime cell, vesicles ndị a na-ejikọta lysosomes, bụ ebe enzymes na-agbari nri na-akụri nri maka iji mechaa mee ihe.

2. Mkpụrụ ndụ anụmanụ: N'ime anụmanụ, mkpụrụ ndụ ndị ọkachamara na nnabata nke nri, dị ka mkpụrụ ndụ intestinal, na-ejikwa pinocytosis. Mkpụrụ ndụ eriri afọ na-etolite obere invaginations na akpụkpọ ahụ plasma ha, nke a maara dị ka invaginations brush, nke na-eme ka elu mmịpụta dị elu. Ka ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị gbazere n'ime mmiri mgbari na-abanye na mbuso agha ndị a, a na-erikpu ha ma buba ha banye n'ime cell.

3. Mkpụrụ ndụ ihe ọkụkụ: Ọ bụ ezie na pinocytosis adịghị adịkarị na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe ọkụkụ karịa n'ime mkpụrụ ndụ anụmanụ, a hụwo ikpe nke mgbọrọgwụ na mkpụrụ ndụ akwụkwọ nwere ike ịmịnye solutes dị na mmiri ala ma ọ bụ na ikuku. Selụ ndị a na-eji mwapụ nke akpụkpọ ahụ plasma ha iji jide ụmụ irighiri ihe gbazere na mpaghara gbara ya gburugburu.

Na nchịkọta, pinocytosis bụ usoro endocytosis nke mkpụrụ ndụ dị iche iche na ihe dị iche iche na-eji maka ịmịnye mmiri mmiri na ihe gbazere. Enwere ike ịhụ usoro a na microorganisms nwere otu mkpụrụ ndụ, mkpụrụ ndụ anụmanụ na, n'ókè dị nta, na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe ọkụkụ. Pinocytosis dị mkpa maka oriri na-edozi ahụ na mmezi nke homeostasis cellular, ebe ọ bụ na ọ na-enye ohere ijide na ibufe nri na ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị ọzọ dị mkpa maka ịrụ ọrụ cellular kwesịrị ekwesị.

8. Ihe ndị na-achịkwa Pinocytosis na mkpa physiological ya

Pinocytosis bụ usoro cellular dị mkpa nke na-enye ohere ịnweta ụmụ irighiri ihe na mmiri site na endocytosis vesicles. A na-ahazi ọrụ a site n'usoro ihe dị iche iche na-ekwe nkwa ịrụ ọrụ ya na njikwa ya na ọnọdụ physiological dị iche iche.

Otu n'ime isi ihe na-achịkwa pinocytosis bụ ntinye nke solutes extracellular. Ntinye nke mmiri mmiri na ụmụ irighiri ihe na-amasị ya site na ntinye dị elu nke solutes n'èzí cell, ebe ọ bụ na nke a na-emepụta nrụgide osmotic nke na-akwado ntinye mmiri na solutes.

Na mgbakwunye, mkpụrụ ndụ nwere kpọmkwem ndị na-anabata ya na-amata ma na-ejikọta ya na ụmụ irighiri ihe ha chọrọ ime. Ndị na-anabata ndị a dị na akpụkpọ ahụ sel na ozugbo ha na-ejikọta na ligand ha kpọmkwem, usoro ihe omume na-eme ka e guzobe vesicles endocytosis. Ọnụnọ na ọrụ nke ndị na-anabata ndị a dị oké mkpa iji mezie pinocytosis ma hụ na ntinye nhọrọ nke mkpụrụ ndụ na mmiri mmiri..

N'ikpeazụ, pinocytosis na-emetụta ọrụ mgbaàmà cell. Ụzọ mgbaàmà intracellular dị iche iche nwere ike ịhazi pinocytosis nke ọma ma ọ bụ na-adịghị mma., na-emetụta nguzobe nke endocytosis vesicles na njikọ ha na-esote ya na akụkụ ahụ cellular. Ụzọ mgbama ndị a nwere ike ime ya site na mkpali dị iche iche, dị ka homonụ, ihe uto ma ọ bụ mgbanwe na gburugburu cellular.

Na nchịkọta, a na-achịkwa pinocytosis site n'ọtụtụ ihe na-eme ka ọrụ ya ziri ezi na ọnọdụ physiological dị iche iche. Ntinye uche nke solutes extracellular, ọnụnọ nke ndị na-anabata ya na ọrụ akara cell bụ akụkụ dị mkpa na nhazi nke usoro a. Ịghọta na ịmụ ihe ndị a na-eme ka anyị ghọtakwuo mkpa physiological nke pinocytosis na ọrụ ya na ihe omume cellular dị iche iche.

9. Mmekọrịta nke Pinocytosis na ntinye ihe oriri

Pinocytosis bụ usoro nke endocytosis nke na-enye ohere ka mkpụrụ ndụ nweta ihe oriri na mmiri mmiri site na gburugburu extracellular. Usoro a dị mkpa iji nọgide na-enwe nguzozi osmotic ma hụ na ndụ cell dị. A na-eme Pinocytosis site na nguzobe nke vesicles site na mbanye nke akpụkpọ ahụ cell, nke nwere nri na mmiri mmiri nke a ga-ebuba n'ime cell.

N'ime usoro pinocytosis, akpụkpọ ahụ cell na-etolite obere mbanye a na-akpọ olulu lined, nke ejiri protein ndị pụrụ iche kpuchie. Ọwa mmiri ndị a na-ahụ maka ọnyà na itinye uche na nri na mmiri mmiri dị na gburugburu extracellular. Ozugbo e guzobere vesicles, ha na-apụ na akpụkpọ ahụ ma banye n'ime cell.

Ntinye nke nri na mmiri mmiri na-eme site na pinocytosis bụ usoro a na-achịkwa nke ukwuu ma na-achịkwa ya. Selụ nwere usoro iji họrọ ma bufee nri ndị ọ chọrọ, ma ewezuga ihe ndị na-achọghị. Ozugbo vesicles na-abanye n'ime sel, ha nwere ike ijikọ ya na vesicles ndị ọzọ ma ọ bụ cellular cellular, na-ahapụ ọdịnaya ha maka nhazi na iji ọzọ.

N'ikpeazụ, pinocytosis na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na ntinye nke nri na mmiri mmiri site na sel. Usoro a na-enye sel ohere ịhọpụta ma bufee ihe ndị dị mkpa maka nlanarị na ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma. Pinocytosis bụ usoro a na-achịkwa nke ukwuu na nke a na-achịkwa, nke na-enye sel ikike iji nweta ihe ndị dị mkpa na-edozi ahụ ma nọgide na-enwe homeostasis ha.

10. Mmetụta ahụike nke Pinocytosis dysfunction

Ọganihu na ọmụmụ ihe na-adịghị mma nke Pinocytosis ekpughere ihe ndị dị mkpa na-agwọ ọrịa nke a ghaghị iburu n'uche maka nchọpụta na nlekọta nke ọrịa dị iche iche. Pinocytosis, usoro endocytosis na-adịghị ahọpụta nke na-enye ohere ntinye nke mmiri na solutes, na-arụ ọrụ dị oke mkpa na nnabata na ibufe nri, yana nzaghachi mgbochi na mmezi nke nguzozi cellular.

Enwere ike jikọta nrụrụ pinocytosis na nsogbu metabolic, adịghị ike nke ọrịa, ọrịa autoimmune na mgbanwe na mmepe nwa ebu n'afọ. Ịghọta usoro ndị na-akpata nrụrụ a dị mkpa iji chọpụta ebumnuche ọgwụgwọ nwere ike ime ma melite ụzọ ọgwụgwọ dị ugbu a.

N'echiche a, ọ dị oke mkpa ịme ọmụmụ ihe na-agwụ ike nke na-enye anyị ohere ịlele ụzọ mgbaàmà nke gụnyere Pinocytosis, yana mmekọrịta ha na ụzọ ndị ọzọ cellular na molecular. Ọzọkwa, ọ dị mkpa ịmepụta nyocha ziri ezi na ụzọ nchọpụta iji chọpụta ndị ọrịa na-ata ahụhụ site na nkwụsị nke Pinocytosis ma guzobe usoro ọgwụgwọ dị irè. Nnyocha na mpaghara a na-agbanwe mgbe niile, na-emepụta ohere ọhụrụ iji meziwanye ndụ ndụ nke ndị ọrịa.

N'ikpeazụ, Pinocytosis dysfunction nwere mmetụta dị mkpa na-agwọ ọrịa ma na-achọ nghọta miri emi nke usoro ya dị n'okpuru maka nyocha na njikwa ya kwesịrị ekwesị. Ọganihu na nyocha na mpaghara a dị mkpa maka mmepe nke usoro ọgwụgwọ dị irè yana nkwalite nlekọta ahụike maka ndị ọrịa nwere nsogbu a. Nchọpụta nke ebumnuche ọgwụgwọ na mmepe nke ụzọ nchọpụta ziri ezi bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke nyocha nke a ga-edozi iji nweta ọganihu dị ịrịba ama na njikwa nke Pinocytosis dysfunction.

11. Ọganihu na nyocha Pinocytosis na mkpa ya na usoro ihe ọmụmụ cell

Pinocytosis bụ usoro dị mkpa na usoro ihe ọmụmụ mkpụrụ ndụ nke bụ isiokwu nke nyocha siri ike n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya. Na post a, anyị ga-enyocha ọganihu kachasị ọhụrụ na mpaghara a ma kwurịta mkpa ha na ngalaba nke usoro ihe ọmụmụ cell.

Otu n'ime ọganihu ndị dị mkpa na nyocha pinocytosis bụ nchọpụta nke usoro ihe omimi nke na-ebute usoro a. Achọpụtala na pinocytosis gụnyere nhazi nke vesicles site na mbanye nke akpụkpọ ahụ plasma, nke nwere mmiri mmiri extracellular ka a ga-etinye n'ime ya. Ọ bụ protein ndị pụrụ iche, dị ka clathrins na caveolae na-agbaziri mwakpo ndị a. Ọzọkwa, egosila na pinocytosis nwere ike ịhazi ya site na akara ekwentị, nke na-emepe ohere ọhụrụ n'ime ọmụmụ nke ụzọ ntinye mmiri dị mkpa.

Mkpa pinocytosis na usoro ndu cell bụ ihe a na-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha. Usoro a na-enye ohere ka mkpụrụ ndụ banye n'ime ụmụ irighiri ihe gbazere na usoro extracellular, nke dị oke mkpa maka usoro ndu dị iche iche, dị ka iri nri, mkpochapụ ihe mkpofu, na nzaghachi mgbochi. Ọzọkwa, pinocytosis na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti sel na gburugburu ebe obibi ha, ebe ọ bụ ụzọ nzikọrịta ozi na ibufe ozi n'etiti sel ndị dị n'akụkụ. Ịghọta usoro nke pinocytosis na-enye anyị nghọta miri emi banyere usoro ihe ọmụmụ cell ma mepee ohere ọhụrụ maka mmepe nke ọgwụgwọ na ọgwụgwọ.

12. Ụzọ eji amụ Pinocytosis na ụlọ nyocha

Pinocytosis bụ usoro sel nke na-enye ohere ka mkpụrụ ndụ jide ma na-amịkọrọ obere mmiri na solutes site na gburugburu ebe obibi. Iji mụọ ma ghọta usoro a na ụlọ nyocha, a na-eji ọtụtụ ụzọ eme ihe na-enye ohere ka a na-ahụ anya ma nyochaa pinocytosis na ọkwa cellular. N'okpuru bụ ụfọdụ ụzọ a na-ejikarị eme nchọpụta pinocytosis na ụlọ nyocha.

Microscope nke fluorescence: Usoro a na-eji fluorophores na-edebanye aha ụmụ irighiri ihe gburugburu ebe obibi ekwentị. Fluorophores ndị a na-ebunye ọkụ mgbe obi ụtọ, na-ekwe ka ntinye nke mmiri na solutes n'ime cell n'oge pinocytosis ka a na-ahụ anya. Na mgbakwunye, enwere ike ijikọ microscopy fluorescence na usoro onyonyo. n'oge ahụ n'ezie iji soro usoro pinocytosis nzọụkwụ site na nzọụkwụ.

Nnwale iwere mmiri mmiri: Nyocha a na-agụnye ịlele ọnụọgụ mmiri nke mkpụrụ ndụ na-ejide n'oge pinocytosis. Enwere ike ime ya site na iji agbaji ma ọ bụ tracer ụmụ irighiri ihe na-agbaze n'ime oghere extracellular. Mgbe oge a kara aka, a na-atụta nleba anya nke agba ma ọ bụ tracer n'ime usoro intracellular iji chọpụta ọnụego nnabata nke mmiri. Nnwale a na-enye ozi ọnụọgụ na pinocytosis na ụkpụrụ ya n'okpuru ọnọdụ ụfọdụ.

13. Echiche n'ọdịnihu nke nyocha na Pinocytosis: Ọgwụgwọ na ngwa ahụike

Atụmanya n'ọdịnihu maka nyocha pinocytosis na-ekwe nkwa n'ihe gbasara ọgwụgwọ na ngwa ahụike. Ụdị njem a na-ebufe sel dị mkpa maka nnabata nke nri na iwepụ ihe mkpofu na mkpụrụ ndụ. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, a chọpụtala na ọ na-ekere òkè dị mkpa na mgbochi na nzaghachi mkpali.

Otu n'ime atụmanya na-akpali akpali maka nchọpụta pinocytosis bụ ikike ya maka ịmepụta usoro ọgwụgwọ ezubere iche. Site n'ịghọta usoro molekụla na cellular dị na usoro a, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị nwere ike ịmepụta ọgwụ ndị na-elekwasị anya kpọmkwem pinocytosis n'ime mkpụrụ ndụ mebiri emebi ma ọ bụ na-awakpo pathogens. Nke a ga-emepe ụzọ maka ọgwụgwọ ndị dị irè na-enwe mmetụta dị ole na ole.

Na mgbakwunye, nchọpụta pinocytosis nwekwara ike ịnwe ngwa na ọgwụ regenerative. Site n'ịghọta ka mkpụrụ ndụ si ewepụta ma na-ewepụ ụmụ irighiri ihe, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị nwere ike ịmepụta ụzọ ha ga-esi eduzi nnyefe ihe na-eto eto na ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị ọzọ bụ isi n'anụ ahụ, si otú ahụ na-akwalite mmeghari na ọgwụgwọ ha. Nke a nwere ike inwe mmetụta dị ukwuu na ọgwụgwọ nke mmerụ ahụ na ọrịa na-adịghị ala ala, dị ka ọrịa obi na ọrịa Alzheimer.

Na nchịkọta, nchọpụta pinocytosis na-enye atụmanya na-akpali akpali ma na-ekwe nkwa na ngalaba ọgwụ. Site n'ịmụtakwu banyere usoro a dị mkpa na sel, anyị nwere ike ịhụ ọganihu dị ịrịba ama na ọgwụgwọ ezubere iche na ọgwụ na-emegharị ahụ. Nke a nwere ike imeziwanye ndụ ọtụtụ nde mmadụ gburugburu ụwa.

14. Mkpebi banyere Pinocytosis na mmetụta ya na usoro ihe ọmụmụ cell

N'ikpeazụ, pinocytosis bụ usoro dị mkpa na usoro ihe ọmụmụ cell nke na-enye ohere ka mkpụrụ ndụ nweta nri na mmiri mmiri site na gburugburu ebe obibi. Site na mbanye nke akpụkpọ ahụ ya, cell na-etolite vesicles na-ejide ụmụ irighiri ihe ma bufee ha na cytoplasm maka nhazi ọzọ.

Pinocytosis nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na homeostasis cellular na nzaghachi mgbochi ahụ. Ọ na-enye ohere ịnweta nri ndị dị mkpa, dị ka amino acids na glucose, yana ijide ma kpochapụ nje bacteria na nje ndị na-emerụ ahụ.

Ọ dị mkpa ịkọwapụta na a na-achịkwa pinocytosis site na ihe dị iche iche, dị ka ntinye nke ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ na gburugburu ebe obibi na ọnụnọ nke mgbaàmà kemịkalụ kpọmkwem. Ọzọkwa, ọrụ ya nwere ike ịdịgasị iche n'ụdị cell dị iche iche na ọnọdụ physiological. Ya mere, ịghọta usoro nke pinocytosis dị mkpa iji ghọta mmetụta ya na usoro ihe ọmụmụ cell na mkpa ya na ahụike mmadụ na anụmanụ.

Na nchịkọta, pinocytosis bụ usoro dị mkpa na cell maka iweta mmiri mmiri na ihe soluble. Site na ụzọ endocytic a, cell nwere ike ịnweta nri, wepụ ihe mkpofu, ma sonye n'ọtụtụ ọrụ physiological. Clathrin, caveolar na micropinocytosis bụ isi ụdị ihe ngosi endocytosis a. Nke ọ bụla n'ime ha na-eji usoro dị iche iche na ọrụ dị iche iche mara n'ime cell.

Site na ihe atụ a kapịrị ọnụ dị ka nnabata nke lipids n'ime anụ ahụ eriri afọ ma ọ bụ ibufe ụmụ irighiri ihe na-egosi na mkpụrụ ndụ akwara, anyị akọwapụtala ka pinocytosis si arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ọtụtụ usoro ndu. Ka ọganihu na teknụzụ nhụta cell na-aga n'ihu na-ekpughe nkọwa nke ihe a, ọmụmụ pinocytosis ka dị mkpa iji ghọta nke ọma cell na microenvironment.

N'ikpeazụ, pinocytosis bụ usoro endocytosis dị mgbagwoju anya nke na-enye ohere ịbanye mmiri mmiri na ihe soluble n'ime cell. Site na ụdị ya dị iche iche na ihe atụ, ọrụ cell a na-egosipụta mkpa ọ dị na homeostasis na ịrụ ọrụ kwesịrị ekwesị nke ihe ndị dị ndụ. Ịghọta usoro na nhazi nke pinocytosis na-enye anyị nghọta miri emi banyere ụwa molekụla intracellular ma mee ka anyị bịaruo nso na ngwa ọgwụgwọ na nkà na ụzụ n'ọdịnihu.