Kei te kino haere te korenga o te RAM: me pēhea te pikinga ake o te utu o ngā rorohiko, ngā papatohu, me ngā waea pūkoro e te porangi AI

Kua tino uaua te noho hei kaiwhaiwhai hangarau me ngā kēmu ataata. Kua piki haere te noa o te oho ake me te He kōrero kino mō ngā taputapuNgā whakakorenga mahi, ngā whakakorenga kaupapa, ngā pikinga utu mō ngā papatohu me ngā rorohiko, ā, inaianei he raruraru hou e pā ana ki te nuinga o ngā mea katoa e pā ana ki te maramara. He aha mō ngā tau? He wāhanga iti te utu, ā, tata kore e kitea i roto i ngā whakaritenga hangarau. Kua waiho hei āwangawanga nui rawa atu mō te rāngai: mahara RAM.

I roto noa i ētahi marama torutoru, kua tino huri te mākete i mua he pumau. te werawera mō te matauranga horihori me ngā pokapū raraunga Kua piki ake te hiahia mō te mahara me te raruraru tuku. kua kitea kētia i Āhia me te Hononga o Amerika, ā, e matapaetia ana ka tae kaha mai ki Ūropi me Pāniora. Kua huri te RAM mai i te "mea iti rawa te hiranga" i roto i te tahua o tētahi PC, o tētahi papatohu rānei kia noho hei tetahi o ngā āhuatanga e tino whakapiki ana i te utu o te hua whakamutunga.

Me pēhea te whakaoho a te AI i te raruraru RAM

He tino mārama te pūtake o te raruraru: te pahūtanga o te AI whakaputa uri Ā, kua huri te pikinga ake o ngā tauira tauine nui i ngā kaupapa matua a ngā kaihanga maramara. Ko te whakangungu i ngā tauira nunui me te whakatutuki i ngā miriona tono ia rā e hiahia ana ki te nui o te mahara mahi-teitei, arā, te DRAM tūmau me te HBM me te GDDR mō ngā GPU e tohunga ana ki te AI.

Ko ngā kamupene pēnei i a Samsung, SK Hynix, me Micron, e whakahaere ana i ngā mea neke atu i te 90% o te mākete DRAM o te aoKua whiriwhiria e rātou te whakanui ake i ngā hua mā te tohatoha i te nuinga o ā rātou mahi whakaputa ki ngā pokapū raraunga me ngā kiritaki hinonga nui. Ka waihotia te RAM tuku iho mō ngā rorohiko, ngā papatohu, ngā taputapu pūkoro rānei, e whakaputa ana i te te korenga o te hongere kai ahakoa kei te haere tonu ngā wheketere i te tere pai.

Kāore e āwhina te noho a te umanga semiconductor i roto i tētahi huringa hanganga-hurihuri, ā, he huringa tairongo rawa atu ki ngā panonitanga o te tono. Mō ngā tau, i hokona te mahara PC me te iti noa o ngā moni whiwhi, ā, nā tēnei i ārai i te whānui haere o ngā wheketere. Ināianei, nā te AI e ārahi ana i te mākete, ko te kore o te haumitanga o mua kei te noho hei arai: e hiahiatia ana he piriona me ētahi tau hei whakanui ake i te kaha whakaputa, nō reira kāore e taea e te umanga te urupare i roto i te pō kotahi.

Ka kino haere te āhuatanga nā te taupatupatu tauhokohoko i waenga i te United States me Chinaka piki ake te utu o ngā rauemi mata, te pūngao, me ngā taputapu tuhi whakaahua matatau. Ko te mutunga mai he tupuhi tino pai: te pikinga o te tono, te iti o te tuku, me te pikinga o ngā utu hanga, ka puta ake ai he utu whakamutunga teitei ake mō ngā waeine mahara.

Te piki haere o ngā utu: mai i ngā wāhanga iti te utu ki te papai ohorere

Kua kitea kē te pānga ki ngā pēke moni a te tangata. E whakaatu ana ngā pūrongo mai i ngā kamupene kōrero pēnei i a TrendForce me CTEE Kua piki ake te utu o te DRAM mā te neke atu i te 170% i roto i te tau kotahime ētahi atu pikinga o te 8-13% ia hauwhā i ngā marama tata nei. I roto i ētahi whakatakotoranga motuhake, ko te pikinga tāpiri he tata ki te 300%.

He tauira whakamārama ko te Ngā kōwae DDR5 16GB mō ngā rorohiko, kua tae mai i roto noa i ngā marama e toru kia whakareatia tōna utu mā te ono i te mākete wāhanga o te ao. Ko te utu i tata ki te $100 i te marama o Oketopa ka taea inaianei te neke atu i te $250, ā, he nui ake anō hoki mō ngā whirihoranga e aro ana ki ngā kēmu, ki ngā teihana mahi rānei. DDR4, he mea i kitea e te tini he rahui iti te utu, Ka nui ake te utu, nā te mea Kei te iti haere te hanga o ngā angiangi mō ngā hangarau tawhito..

Ka pā tika tēnei pikinga ake ki ngā kaihanga rorohiko. Hei tauira, kua tīmata a Dell ki te whakatinana ngā pikinga i waenga i te 15% me te 20% i roto i ētahi pona me ngā papamahi, ā He $550 tāpiri te utu hei whakapai ake i te 16 ki te 32 GB. o te RAM i roto i ētahi whānuitanga XPS, he tatauranga kāore i whakaarohia i ētahi tau kua pahure. Kua whakatūpato kē a Lenovo i ana kiritaki mō ngā pikinga utu e rua ngā mati mai i te tau 2026 mō taua take anō.

Paradoxically, Kei te ahua nei a Apple he momo piringa pumau.He maha ngā tau e utu ana te kamupene i ngā utu nui mō ngā whakapai ake i te mahara o āna Mac me āna iPhone, engari i nāianei, kua mau tonu ngā utu ahakoa i muri i te whakarewatanga o te MacBook Pro me te Mac me te maramara M5. Nā ngā whakaaetanga tuku roa me Samsung me SK Hynix, me ngā tawhē hua tino teitei, ka taea e ia te whakaiti i te pānga pai ake i te maha o ngā kaihanga PC Windows.

Ehara i te mea ka tiakina tonutia. Mēnā ka piki haere tonu ngā utu i tua atu i te tau 2026, ā, Kei te kore e taea te pupuri i te pēhanga ki ngā tawhēTērā pea ka whakahoutia e Apple āna utu, inā koa mō ngā whirihoranga he nui ake i te 16GB o te mahara kotahi. Engari, i tēnei wā tonu, he nui ake te piki haere o te utu i roto i te pūnaha Windows, e tukuna ana ngā rārangi utu kua whakahoutia i ia hauwhā.

Ka whakarērea e Micron te kaiwhakamahi whakamutunga, ā, ka arotahi te hanga ki ngā tūmau

Ko tētahi o ngā nekehanga tino tohu o tēnei raruraru ko Micron. Nā roto i tana waitohu Crucial, ko ia tētahi o ngā kaitākaro rongonui i roto i RAM me te SSD mō te whakamahinga a te kaihoko, engari kua whakatau ki te whakarērea taua wāhanga ā, ka arotahi katoa ā rātou mahi ki te "pakihi" tino whai hua: ngā tūmau, ngā pokapū raraunga me ngā hanganga AI.

Ko te wehenga atu i te mākete kaihoko rarawe, i whakaritea mō Pēpuere 2026, he karere mārama tēnei: Ko te kapua te kaupapa matua, ehara i te kaiwhakamahi kāingaI te wehenga atu o Micron, ka kaha ake te mana o Samsung me SK Hynix ki te whakahaere i ngā taonga e wātea ana, ka whakaiti i te whakataetae, ka āwhina hoki i te pikinga o ngā utu.

Kei te mau tonu ētahi atu kaihanga mōrahi, pērā i a Lexar, i roto i tēnei āhuatanga. I ētahi paetukutuku hokohoko ipurangi, ka puta mai ā rātou kete RAM pēnei ngā hua e wātea ana mō te tono i mua i te wā anake ko ngā rā tuku mai i te 31 o Ākuhata, 2027. He mārama rawa tēnei mō te nui o ngā ota e toe ana: he nui rawa te tono, ā, me aukati ngā waitohu rongonui i ngā ota poto me te oati ka tukuna ngā ota tata ki te rua tau mai i nāianei.

Kei muri i ēnei whakataunga he whakaaro ōhanga noa iho. Ina he he iti noa te rahinga o ngā maramara maharaHe nui ake te hua o te tākai i a rātou ki roto i ngā kōwae tūmau nui-moni i roto i ngā rakau kaihoko e aro ana ki ngā kaitākaro, ki ngā kaiwhakamahi kāinga rānei. Ko te mutunga iho he korenga o ngā hongere hokohoko me te huringa kino o ngā utu teitei e whakakore ana i ngā hoko hou… tae noa ki te tukunga iho o tētahi.

Ngā matapae: te korenga o ngā taonga tae noa ki te tau 2028, me ngā utu nui tae noa ki te tau 2027

E whakaae ana te nuinga o ngā matapae ko tēnei Ehara i te raruraru e pahemo ana i roto i ētahi marama torutoruE whakaatu ana ngā tuhinga ā-roto i turuturu mai i a SK Hynix, ka "tino taumaha" tonu te putunga mahara DRAM tae noa ki te tau 2028 pea. E ai ki ēnei whakatau tata, ka piki tonu ngā utu i te tau 2026, ko te tau 2027 pea te tihi o te pikinga utu, ā, tae noa ki te tau 2028 ka tīmata te ngāwari o te āhuatanga.

E hangai ana ēnei wātaka ki ngā panuitanga haumitanga mai i ngā kaihanga nui. Kua whakatapua e Micron ngā piriona tāra ki ngā tipu hou i Hapani me ētahi atu whenua, ko Samsung me SK Hynix ia Kei te hanga whare hanga anō rātou e aro ana ki te mahara matatau me te takai mahi-teitei. Ko te raruraru, kāore ēnei whare e tīmata ki te hanga papatipu tae noa ki te haurua tuarua o te tekau tau, ā, ko te nuinga o ō rātou kaha ka rāhuitia tuatahitia mō ngā kiritaki AI me te kapua.

E ai ki ngā whakatau tata a ngā kamupene kaitohutohu pēnei i a Bain & Company, nā te pikinga ake o te hangarau mohio-a-ringa (AI), Tērā pea ka piki ake te hiahia mō ētahi wāhanga mahara mā te 30%, neke atu rānei, i te tau 2026Mō te DRAM e pā ana ki ngā kawenga mahi AI, neke atu i te 40% te pikinga e tumanakohia ana. Hei karo i ngā arai tonu, me whakanui ake e ngā kaiwhakarato ā rātou mahi whakaputa mā ngā ōrau ōrite; he mea uaua ki te whakatutuki me te kore e tūpono ki te nui rawa o te tuku mena ka heke te tono.

Koia tētahi atu take e tūpato ana ngā kaihanga. Whai muri i ētahi huringa i puta ai te tere o te whaanuitanga ngā hekenga ohorere o ngā utu me ngā mate mirionaInāianei, kua kitea he whakaaro tiaki nui ake: he pai ake ki ngā kaihanga te pupuri i ngā korenga me ngā tawhē nui, kaua e tūpono ki tētahi atu mirumiru. Mai i te tirohanga a te kaihoko, he āhua kino tēnei: ​​tera pea ka noho ko te RAM utu nui hei mea noa mō ētahi tau.

Ngā kēmu ataata: he papatohu utu nui ake, ā, he tauira ngoikore

He tino kitea te korenga o te RAM i roto i te ao o ngā kēmu ataata. I whānau mai te whakatupuranga o nāianei o ngā papatohu me ngā raruraru tuku haurua-ā-ira Ā, i akiakihia kia mimiti i ngā pikinga utu e pā ana ki te pikinga utu me ngā taumahatanga taripa. Ināianei, i te pikinga nui o te utu o te mahara, kua tīmata te kore e taurite ngā tau mō ngā tukunga ā muri ake nei.

I runga i te PC, ka whakaatuhia e ngā raraunga mai i ngā tomokanga pēnei i te PCPartPicker he te pikinga tere o ngā utu DDR4 me DDR5Koinei tonu ngā momo RAM e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā PC petipeti me te maha o ngā taputapu petipeti. Kua tae te āhuatanga ki te wāhi e tata ana te utu o ētahi kete RAM mahi-teitei ki te kāri whakairoiro waenga-ki-teitei, e huri ana i te kaupapa tuku iho o ngā wāhanga utu nui i roto i te PC. Ka pā tēnei ki ngā kaitākaro e hanga ana i ā rātou ake mīhini me ngā kaihanga o ngā papamahi petipeti me ngā pona.

I te taha o te papatohu, kei te piki haere te āwangawanga. Kua pāngia kētia te whakatupuranga o nāianei e te ngaru tuatahi o te korenga, ā, i nāianei Kei te pēhi anō te utu o te mahara i ngā tawhēMena kei te hiahia ngā kaihanga ki te pupuri i te mana i oatitia mō ngā papatohu o muri mai, he uaua ki te whakaaro ka pērā rātou me te kore e whakawhiti i ētahi o ngā utu kua piki ake ki te utu hokohoko. Kei te tīmata te puta mai o te āheinga o ngā papatohu ki te whakatata atu ki te arai hinengaro o te €1.000, i te mea kāore i roa kua kitea he mea tino uaua, i roto i ngā matapae a ngā kaitātari.

La te whakatupuranga hou mai i a Sony me Microsoft, e tū ana i te nuinga o te wā i te tau 2027, Me tautuhi anō i roto i tēnei horopaki.Ko te nui ake o te mahara, te nui ake o te whānui o te raraunga, me te kaha o te whakairoiro, ko te tikanga he nui ake ngā maramara DRAM me GDDR i te wā e nui ake ai te utu mō ia kikapaita. Tāpiri atu ki tēnā ko te pēhanga ki te whakapai ake i te kounga tirohanga me ngā taumira 4K pumau, tae atu ki te 8K, Kei te piki haere te utu o ngā wāhanga, ā, kei te mōrearea te oranga o ngā pākahiko "triple A". e mōhio ana tātou ki a rātou ka pātaihia.

E kite ana ētahi o ngā kaimahi o te umanga i tēnei raruraru hei whai wāhitanga ki te whakaitihia te aro nui ki te pono o te whakairoiro ā, ka hoki anō ki te arotahi ki ngā kaupapa auaha me ngā kaupapa e aro nui ana ki ngā ihirangi. Nā te pikinga nui o ngā tahua kēmu tahua nui kua whakaitihia te maha o ngā tukunga me te haumi nui ki ētahi umanga iti. I te wā roa, ka ngoikore ake te pakihi: ki te kore e tutuki i tētahi taitara matua kotahi ngā tumanakohanga ka tūpono te whakararu i te whare takaro katoa, i te kaiwhakaputa rānei.

Ko Nintendo, RAM, me te wehi o ngā papatohu kei tawhiti atu i te taea e te tini

Ko tētahi o ngā kamupene e tino kitea ana i tēnei wā ko Nintendo. E whakaatu ana ngā pūrongo pūtea kua kua whiua tōna uara mākete hea, me ngā mate kua eke ki te piriona tāra te uara o te whakapaipai mākete, i te mea kei te tipu haere te mataku kei piki ake te utu o ā rātou mahere taputapu i runga i te RAM.

Ko te uri o muri mai o te Switch, e tūmanakohia ana ka whakamahi Ngā whirihoranga mahara 12GB, e anga atu ana ki tētahi horopaki e Kua piki ake te utu o aua maramara mā te 40%.E whakapono ana ngā kaitātari i whakahuatia e ngā puna pāpāho pērā i a Bloomberg, ehara te pātai i te mea me whakapiki ake te utu o te papatohu ki tua atu i te mea i whakamaheretia i te tīmatanga, engari ko te wā me te nui. He uaua te raruraru mō Nintendo: ko te pupuri i tētahi tūāpapa wātea ko tētahi o ōna āhuatanga matua i ngā wā o mua, engari Nā te āhua o te mākete o ngā wāhanga, he uaua ki te pupuri tonu..

Kāore te raruraru mahara e herea noa ki roto i te papatohu. Ka piki ake hoki te utu NAND te pānga ki ngā kāri rokiroki pēnei i te SD ExpressHe mea nui ēnei mō te whakawhānui i te kaha o ngā pūnaha maha. Kei te hokona ētahi tauira 256GB mō ngā utu, kāore i roa i mua, i rahuitia mō ngā SSD nunui rawa atu, ā, ka mutu ka taka taua utu tāpiri ki te kaitākaro, e hiahia ana ki te wāhi nui ake mō ngā kēmu e piki haere ana te tono.

I roto i tēnei horopaki, he tokomaha e whakaaro ana ka kite anō tātou i ngā papatohu i raro iho i ētahi paepae utu, ka kite rānei tātou i a rātou?, i te ritenga kē, Ka tata haere te whakangahau matihiko o te whakatupuranga e whai ake nei ki ngā utu o ngā taonga papaiMe whakatau te mākete mēnā e pai ana rātou ki te utu i taua utu, e pai ana rānei ki te whakamahi i ngā taputapu iti ake te taumaha.

Ngā petipeti rorohiko me ngā kaiwhakamahi matatau: ina pau te tahua i te RAM

Mō te hunga e hanga ana, e whakapai ake ana rānei i ā rātou pūnaha, inā koa i roto i te rāngai petipeti, kua tino kitea te raruraru o te RAM. Ko te DDR5 me te DDR4, i whakaarohia i ngā wā tata nei he utu whaitake, kua whakareatia, whakawhātia rānei tōna utu, ki te tohu e Ka tino kore taurite te tahua mō te rorohiko.Ko ngā mea i mua i whakapaua ki tētahi GPU pai ake, ki tētahi SSD tere ake, ki tētahi pūtake hiko kounga teitei ake rānei, kua pau katoa i te mahara.

Nā tēnei taumahatanga i huaki te tatau ki tētahi āhuatanga rongonui: whakapae me ngā tinihangaPērā i ngā kāri whakairoiro i te wā o te pikinga o te moni matihiko, i te PlayStation 5 rānei i te wā o te mate urutā, kua puta anō ngā kaihoko e ngana ana ki te whakamahi i te korenga o ngā taonga hei whakapiki i ngā utu ki ngā taumata tino koretake. I ētahi mākete, kua pānuitia ngā kete RAM mō ngā moni e tata ana ki te utu o tētahi motuka hou, me te tumanako ka taka tētahi kaihoko kāore i te mōhio, i te kaihoko matekiri rānei ki te tinihanga.

Kāore te raruraru i te herea noa ki ngā utu kua piki ake. Ko te pikinga ake o ngā mākete e taea ai e te katoa te hokoIna whakauruhia ki roto i ngā toa ipurangi nunui, ka whakanuia e ēnei tūāpapa te tūponotanga o te tūtaki ki ngā hua rūpahu, ngā hua hapa rānei, ngā tinihanga rānei e utua ai e te kiritaki te mahara kāore e tae mai, kāore rānei e rite ki te whakaahuatanga. He rite tonu te āhuatanga i te mākete tuarua, me ngā waeine me ngā tauwhitinga utu nui rawa atu, i roto i ngā take tino kino, ka hua ake he mōkihi kei roto ko te RAM anake.

Ngā whakahaere motuhake me ngā pāpāho Ka tūtohu rātou kia tino tupato.: whakamanahia ko wai te kaihoko tuturu, kia tūpato ki ngā tuku e ahua "pai rawa atu kia pono""". Tirohia ngā whakatauranga, ā, karohia ngā pānuitanga kāore he whakaahua tūturu, he whakaahua whānui rānei i tangohia mai i te paetukutuku a te kaihanga.Ki te kore he take e hiahiatia ana, ko te kōwhiringa tino whai hua mō te nuinga o ngā kaiwhakamahi ko te tatari kia tau te mākete i mua i te whakapai ake i te mahara.

Kei te tāpirihia hoki e Windows 11 me āna pūmanawa te wahie ki te ahi.

Ehara i te mea ko te taha taputapu anake te take o te pēhanga ki te RAM. Ko te pūnaha pūmanawa tonu, inā koa Windows 11 me tana whakahaere mahara (swapfile.sys), Kei te akiaki tēnei i te tini o ngā kaiwhakamahi ki te hiahia i tētahi mahara nui atu i tērā i ngā tau kua pahure.Ahakoa i runga i te pepa e 4 GB anake te rahi iti rawa e hiahiatia ana e te pūnaha whakahaere, he rerekē rawa te āhua o ia rā.

Ka tōia e Windows 11 he he nui ake te whakamahinga rauemi i te Windows 10 Ā, he maha ngā tohatoha Linux e pāngia ana e tēnei, nā te maha o ngā ratonga papamuri me ngā tono kua tāutahia i mua, kāore i te tino tāpiri uara. Ka nui ake te kino o tēnei nā te horapa haere o ngā taupānga e ahu mai ana i ngā hangarau tukutuku pēnei i a Electron, WebView2 rānei, e mahi ana hei whārangi tirotiro kua whakakīia ki roto i tētahi kōnae whakahaere.

Ngā tauira pēnei i Ngā putanga papamahi a Netflix i tangohia mai i te Toa Microsoft, ngā taputapu rongonui pērā i Discord, Microsoft Teams rāneiE whakaatu mārama ana ēnei tauira i te raruraru: kei ia taupānga te whakahaere i tana ake tauira Chromium, e nui ake ana te mahara e pau ana i ngā taupānga taketake ōrite. Ka taea e ētahi papatono te pupuri i ētahi gigabytes o te RAM i a rātou anō, ā, i runga i ngā pūnaha he 8 GB anake te RAM ka noho hei aukati tuturu.

Ka whakamaoritia enei mea katoa He maha ngā kaiwhakamahi e akiakihia ana ki te whakawhanui ki te 16, 24, 32 GB rānei o RAM kia hoki mai anō te taumata o te rere o ngā mahi o ia rā me ngā kēmu hou. Ā, i te wā tonu e tino utu nui ana te mahara. Nō reira, ko te whakakotahitanga o ngā pūnaha kāore i tino arotauhia me ngā raruraru tuku ka hangaia he te pēhanga tāpiri ki te māketete pikinga ake o te tono i roto i te wāhanga kaihoko.

He aha ngā mea ka taea e ngā kaiwhakamahi te mahi, ā, kei hea te ahunga whakamua o te mākete?

He iti noa te wāhi mō te nekeneke mō te kaiwhakamahi noa, engari he rautaki anō kei reira. Ko te taunakitanga tuatahi i tukuna e ngā whakahaere me ngā pāpāho motuhake ko Kaua e hoko RAM i runga i te hiahia ohorere.Mena kei te pai te mahi a ngā taputapu o nāianei, ā, kāore e hiahiatia he whakapai ake, He pai ake pea te tatari mō ētahi marama, mō ētahi tau rānei., i a koe e tatari ana kia pai ake te tuku, kia piki hoki te utu ki te taurite.

I ngā wā kāore e taea te karo i te whakahou—nā te mahi ngaio, ngā akoranga, ngā matea motuhake rānei—he mea tika kia whakahoutia Whakatauritea ngā utu me te tūpato ki ngā mākete kāore he taurangi.He pai ake te utu nui ake i tētahi toa rongonui i te tūpono ki te utu iti rawa. I te mākete tuarua, he mea whakaaro nui te tirotiro i ngā arotake, te tono whakaahua, ataata rānei mō te hua tuturu, me te ngana ki te whakamahi i ngā tikanga utu e whakarato ana i ētahi tiakitanga.

I te wā roa, Me urutau anō te umanga hangarau.I roto i te ao o ngā kēmu ataata, ko ngā reo pērā i a Shigeru Miyamoto E kī ana rātou ehara i te mea ko ngā kaupapa katoa e hiahia ana ki ngā tahua nunui, ki ngā whakairoiro hou rānei kia ngahau ai. E whakatūpato ana ētahi atu upoko o te whare mahi toi he ngoikore te hanganga o te tauira "triple A" e ai ki tōna hanganga o nāianei, ā, te auahatanga me ngā whanaketanga whai kiko ake Ka taea e rātou te whakarato i tētahi ara mawhiti i roto i tētahi taiao e nui ana te utu mō ia kigabyte o te RAM.

I te taumata ahumahi, ka kitea i ngā tau e haere ake nei te whakaurunga o ngā hangarau hanga hou, pērā i te whakaahua ultraviolet tino kaha, me ngā otinga hoahoanga pērā i CXL hei whakamahi anō i te mahara o nāianei i roto i ngā tūmau. Heoi, kāore tētahi o ēnei wāhanga e whakarerekē i te āhuatanga i roto i te pō kotahi. Kua mutu te RAM hei wāhanga iti te utu, he nui hoki, ā, kua noho hei rauemi rautaki, i awehia e te ao tōrangapū, te AI, me ngā whakataunga a ētahi kaihanga nui.

E kī ana ngā mea katoa me taunga te mākete ki te noho tahi me he nui ake te utu, ā, he iti ake te mahara e wātea ana He rerekē tēnei i ngā mea kua taunga kē tātou ki te whakamahi, i te nuinga o tēnei tekau tau. Mō ngā kaihoko i Pāniora me Ūropi, ko te tikanga he utu nui ake mō ia taputapu hou, he whakaaroaro rua mō ngā whakapainga, me te whakaaro pea ki ngā pūmanawa me ngā taputapu rerekē e iti ake ana te kaha ki te whakamahi. Mō te umanga, he whakamātautau tūturu tēnei mō te pumau o te tauira o nāianei, e hangai ana ki te kaha ake, te taumira teitei ake, me te nui ake o ngā raraunga, ina kei te iti haere te pūtake o te katoa—te mahara.