Kodi 3I/ATLAS ndi nyenyezi ya nyenyezi kapena kafukufuku wapadziko lapansi? Makiyi onse a sayansi yogawa mlendo wakuthambo.

The Solar System yalandira ulendo wosayembekezereka kuchokera ku 3I/ATLAS, wo- nyenyezi comet zomwe zayambitsa mkangano umodzi wamphamvu kwambiri wa zakuthambo m'zaka zaposachedwa. Kupezeka kwake, yolengezedwa ndi gulu la telescope la ATLAS kuchokera ku Chile pa Julayi 1, 2025, chayambitsa chipwirikiti pakati pa asayansi ndi anthu osaphunzira. Ambiri akudabwa ngati 3I/ATLAS ndi nthabwala ina yochokera kunja… ngati ife tikanakhoza kuyang'anizana ndi kafukufuku weniweni wotumizidwa ndi chitukuko china.

Kupezeka kwa 3I/ATLAS osati kokha Imawonetsa gawo lalikulu osati chifukwa ndi chinthu chachitatu chapakati pa nyenyezi chomwe chapezeka pambuyo pa 'Oumuamua (2017) ndi Borisov (2019), komanso chifukwa cha tsatanetsatane wochititsa chidwi.. Mayendedwe ake a hyperbolic ndi liwiro, lokwera kuposa momwe zimakhalira muma comets ochokera ku Kuiper Belt kapena mtambo wa Oort, ayika gulu la asayansi kukhala tcheru, amene akupitirizabe kufunafuna mayankho okhudza mmene iyeyo alili.

Kodi 3I/ATLAS imachokera kuti ndipo tikudziwa chiyani mpaka pano?

Deta yoyamba yosonkhanitsidwa ndi ATLAS idawonetsa izi 3I/ATLAS idachokera m'malo a nyenyezi, ndi liwiro loyambirira lopitilira 220.000 km/h.. Kusanthula kwa orbital kukuwonetsa kuti njira yake siyimangika ku Dzuwa, kutsimikizira komwe idachokera kunja kwa dera lathu la mlalang'amba. Zithunzi za Hubble Space Telescope imagwira chikomokere chamafuta ndi fumbi zomwe zimazungulira phata, chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zimatchedwa comet.

Ziwerengero za zaka zake ndizodabwitsa: Itha kukhala zaka 7.000 biliyoni, ngakhale kusanachitike Dzuwa lomwe.Mayendedwe a zinthu ngati 3I/ATLAS angaphatikizepo mabiliyoni azaka zakuyendayenda pakati pa nyenyezi mpaka, mwamwayi kapena kuyanjana kwamphamvu yokoka, kumatha kuwoloka njira yathu.

Kuphatikiza pa liwiro lake ndi mayendedwe ake, ndizodabwitsa Idzadutsa pafupi ndi mapulaneti angapo osayandikira Dziko lapansi.Poyandikira kwambiri, akuti ili pafupi makilomita 210 miliyoni kuchokera ku Dzuwa ndipo sichidzayandikira mayunitsi a zakuthambo a 1,4-1,8 ku dziko lathu lapansi, kotero akatswiri adatsutsa chiopsezo chilichonse ku chitukuko cha dziko lapansi.

Mikangano yasayansi: sitima ya comet kapena interstellar

Kumene mkangano waphulika kwenikweni ndi kutanthauzira kwa makhalidwe ake. Avi Loeb, katswiri wa zakuthambo wotchuka wa Harvard, wapereka poyera kuthekera kwa chiyambi chaukadaulo kwa 3I/ATLAS, lingaliro lomwe ladzetsa mikangano ndi mitu yankhani padziko lonse lapansi. Loeb ndi ofufuza ena amatchula zinthu zingapo zachilendo: the Kuyang'ana modabwitsa kwa ndege yake yozungulira ndi eclipticLa Kulumikizana kwapafupi kwa kukumana kwake ndi Venus, Mars, ndi Jupiter, ndi a Kuwala kwakukulu modabwitsa komwe kungapangitse kukula kwakukulu (pafupifupi makilomita 10-20 m'mimba mwake, ngakhale palibe mgwirizano pa izi).

Malinga ndi kafukufuku wake, kuthekera kwa zinthu izi kuchitika mwangozi ndi kochepa kwambiri, zomwe zapangitsa kuti chiphunzitso cha a zotheka interstellar reconnaissance mission. Komabe, Akatswiri ambiri akupitilizabe kuteteza chilengedwe komanso nthabwala za 3I/ATLASAkuti kusakhalapo kwa mchira womveka bwino, womwe ena amaona kuti ndi vuto, kungakhale chifukwa cha nthawi ya chaka komanso mtunda womwe ulipo kuchokera ku Dzuwa.

Oyang'anira zinthu monga Gemini ndi Rubin akusonkhanitsa deta ya spectroscopic kuyesa kuthetsa mkanganowo. Mpaka pano, Zithunzi zaposachedwa komanso kusanthula zimathandizira kuti ndi comet yogwira ntchito, yokhala ndi phata lozizira komanso mpweya wotuluka., zofanana kwambiri ndi mabungwe ena ofotokozedwa m’mabuku a zakuthambo.

Kodi ulendowu ukutanthauza chiyani pa zakuthambo?

Kupitilira mkangano wokhudza chiyambi chake, ndime ya 3I/ATLAS imayimira a mwayi wapadera wosanthula zinthu zakale zochokera ku mapulaneti enaMapangidwe ake, omwe ali ndi ayezi wochuluka m'madzi ndi zinthu zachilengedwe zofanana ndi ma asteroids amtundu wa D, amatha kupereka chidziwitso chofunikira cha momwe zigawo zina za mlalang'amba zinapangidwira.

Mfundo yakuti Mfundo yakuti matupi atatu a nyenyezi apezeka kale pasanathe zaka khumi ikusonyeza kuti alendowa mwina si osowa monga momwe ankaganizira poyamba.Tsogolo la Vera C. Rubin Observatory ndi ma telescopes ena amphamvu akuyembekezeka kupeza zinthu zofananira 50 m'zaka zikubwerazi, ndikutsegula nyengo yatsopano pakufufuza zamadzi am'mlengalenga ndi mphamvu.

Chidwi cha zinthu izi chakula, popeza aliyense amapereka deta yomwe ingasinthe malingaliro okhudza mapangidwe ndi kusintha kwa machitidwe osiyanasiyana a nyenyezi. Sayansi, monga momwe nkhani ya 3I/ATLAS ikusonyezera, ikupita patsogolo kupyolera mukufunsidwa kosalekeza ndi kukonzanso, ndipo kusokonezeka kulikonse ndi mwayi wokulitsa kumvetsetsa kwathu malo athu m'chilengedwe.

3I/ATLAS ipitilira kuyang'aniridwa m'miyezi ikubwerayi chifukwa cha kuyesetsa kwa malo owonera padziko lonse lapansi. Ngakhale akatswiri ambiri amawona kuti iyi ndi comet yapadera kwambiri ya nyenyezi, gulu la asayansi limakhalabe tcheru ku zatsopano zilizonse zomwe zingawathandize kudziwa zenizeni zake. Mosakayikira ndime yake yadzutsanso chidwi ndi zinsinsi za chilengedwe ndi funso lamuyaya loti kaya tili tokha mumlalang'ambawu.

Alberto navarro

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