Mitundu 5 ya Hardware ndi ntchito yake

M'ma posts tafotokoza kale Kodi hardware ya kompyuta ndi chiyani ndipo ntchito yake ndi yotani?. Uwu ndi mutu wofunikira kwambiri kwa iwo omwe akutenga njira zawo zoyambira mdziko la kompyuta ndi makompyuta. Tsopano tizama mozama mu mutuwo, kuunikira mitundu ya hardware yomwe ilipo ndi ntchito yotani kukwaniritsidwa mkati mwa makina apakompyuta.

Ndizotheka kugawa hardware m'magulu osiyanasiyana potengera zinthu monga malo ake, kufunika kwake ndi ntchito yake. M'nkhaniyi tiyang'ana mbali yotsirizayi, ndipo tikambirana makamaka mitundu isanu ya hardware. Tidzawonanso zitsanzo za hardware ndi ntchito zomwe amachita kuti kukonza deta kutheke m'madera a digito.

Hardware ndi chiyani

Tikakamba za hardware ya kompyuta, tikunena za zinthu zonse zakuthupi ndi zogwirika zomwe zimapanga. Mawu achingerezi akuti hardware (zovuta: zolimba, ndi ware: merchandise) idayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'ma 1940 pofotokoza zinthu izi. Mawuwa akuphatikizapo zida zonse zamakina, zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti deta ikhale yotheka m'malo a digito.

Kuti mumvetsetse bwino zida zamakompyuta, ndikofunikira kuzisiyanitsa ndi chinthu china chofunikira pakompyuta: el software. Este término (zofewa: chofewa, chosinthika), chimakwirira mapulogalamu onse apakompyuta ndi zinthu zina za digito zomwe zimachitidwa ndi kompyuta. Choncho, hardware imaphatikizapo zigawo zonse zakuthupi ndi zogwirika (purosesa, unit yosungirako, etc.), pamene mapulogalamu amapangidwa ndi zinthu zamagetsi (mapulogalamu, machitidwe opangira, etc.).

Mbiri yachidule ya hardware

Musanayambe kulankhula za mitundu ya hardware, tiyeni tionenso mbiri yake: ulendo wosangalatsa kwambiri womwe umachoka pazida zoyamba zamakompyuta kupita pamakompyuta amphamvu amakono. Muchidule chotsatirachi mutha kuchiwona bwino:

• Orígenes: Zida zowerengetsera zowerengera, monga abacus, zidapezeka zaka masauzande zapitazo.
• Primera generación (1945-1956): Anali makina aakulu kwambiri omwe ankagwiritsa ntchito vacuum chubu.
• Segunda generación (1957-1963): Ndi kupangidwa kwa ma transistors, machubu a vacuum adasinthidwa, zomwe zidachepetsa kwambiri kukula kwa makompyuta.
• Tercera generación (1964-1971): Magawo ophatikizika adapangidwa, kukulitsa liwiro ndi mphamvu zamakompyuta ndikuchepetsanso kukula kwake.
• Cuarta generación (1971-1981): Ma Microprocessors adafika, kuyambira nthawi yamakompyuta (PC).
• Actualidad: Makompyuta akupitiriza kupangidwa ndi zinthu zing'onozing'ono komanso zamphamvu kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, luntha lochita kupanga komanso kuphunzira pamakina kumabweretsa kusintha kwakukulu mumitundu yama Hardware.

Waukulu 5 mitundu ya hardware ndi ntchito yawo

Hablemos ahora de mitundu 5 yayikulu ya hardware yomwe imapanga dongosolo kapena kompyuta, komanso ntchito zimene aliyense amachita. Zinthu zonsezi zimagwira ntchito yofunikira pakugwira ntchito moyenera kwa zida monga makompyuta ndi mafoni am'manja. Pakapita nthawi, adalandira kusintha kofunikira kuti apeze mphamvu zambiri komanso liwiro, ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito onse omwe amaphatikiza.

Hardware de procesamiento

Processing hardware ndi ubongo wa chipangizo chilichonse chamagetsi, kuchokera pa chowerengera chosavuta kupita ku kompyuta yamphamvu. Bweretsani pamodzi seti ya zinthu zakuthupi zomwe zimakhala ndi udindo wopereka malangizo ndi kuwerengera kuti chipangizocho chigwire ntchito. Zinthu izi zitha kukhala:

• Unidad Central de Procesamiento (CPU): Wodziwika bwino ngati purosesa, ndi ubongo wa dongosolo ndipo imagwira ntchito za masamu ndi binary logic. Imalumikizidwa ku boardboard ndipo ili ndi udindo wowongolera magwiridwe antchito a zida zina za Hardware. Makampani opanga upainiya pakupanga mapurosesa ndi Intel y AMD.
• Bokosi la amayi (motherboard): Bungwe lalikululi limagwira ntchito ngati dera losindikizidwa lomwe limagwirizanitsa zigawo zina zonse. CPU, RAM, khadi lazithunzi ndi zinthu zina zimalumikizidwa pamenepo.
• RAM kukumbukira (Random Access Memory): Tchipisi izi zimasunga kwakanthawi zomwe purosesa ikugwiritsa ntchito nthawi iliyonse. Kompyuta ikazimitsidwa, deta imafufutidwa.
• Gulu lopangira zithunzi (GPU): Chigawochi chimagwira ntchito pokonza zithunzi ndi kupanga zithunzi. Ndikofunikira pamasewera, zojambulajambula ndikusintha makanema.

Hardware de almacenamiento

Ntchito yaikulu ya hardware yosungirako ndi sungani zidziwitso zonse ndikuthandizira kuti muzitha kuzikonza. Pansi pa gululi titha kuphatikizanso kukumbukira kwa RAM, komanso zigawo izi:

• Ma drive osungira (HDD / SSD): Es el kompyuta yaikulu yosungirako, kumene mafayilo, mapulogalamu ndi makina ogwiritsira ntchito amasungidwa kwamuyaya. Ma hard drive (HDD) amakhala ndi mkono wowerengera wamakina ndi disk yozungulira. Ma Solid state drives (SSDs) amagwiritsa ntchito flash memory kusunga zambiri, ndipo amakhala othamanga, opanda phokoso, komanso achangu kuposa ma HDD.
• USB flash drive ndi memori khadi: Ndi zipangizo yosungirako kunja, yaing'ono ndi kunyamula. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusunga ndi kutumiza uthenga kuchokera pa kompyuta imodzi kupita ku ina. Makhadi okumbukira nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakamera ndi mafoni am'manja.

Mitundu ya Hardware: zolumikizira zolowera

Pakati pa mitundu ya hardware ndi zolembera zolowetsa, zomwe zimaphatikizapo zigawo zonse zakuthupi zomwe zimalola lowetsani zambiri mudongosolo. Iwo ali ndi udindo wosintha zambiri kuchokera kudziko lenileni kukhala deta yomwe kompyuta imatha kukonza. Zitsanzo zina zodziwika bwino ndi izi:

• Teclado: Zimakulolani kuti mulowetse malemba, manambala ndi malamulo mu dongosolo pogwiritsa ntchito makiyi.
• Mbewa: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusuntha cholozera pazenera ndikusankha zosankha.
• Escáner: Imajambula zithunzi za zikalata ndi zinthu zakuthupi ndikuzisintha kukhala mafayilo a digito.
• Maikolofoni: Imajambula mawu ndikusintha kukhala mafayilo amawu a digito.
• Cámara web: Imakulolani kuti mujambule zithunzi zamakanema kuti musinthe pambuyo pake, komanso kuyimba makanema apakanema.
• Joystick: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pamasewera apakanema kuti athe kuwongolera kayendedwe ka zilembo pazenera.

Periféricos de salida

Zida zotulutsa zimabweretsa pamodzi zigawo zonse zapakompyuta zomwe zimayang'anira wonetsani kapena tumizani zomwe zakonzedwa za izi. Chifukwa cha iwo, tikhoza kuona, kumvetsera kapena kusindikiza zotsatira za ntchito zomwe zimachitidwa ndi kompyuta. Mitundu ya hardware iyi ndi:

• Chowunikira: Chophimba chachikuluchi chikuwonetsa mawonekedwe azithunzi, zolemba, zithunzi ndi makanema.
• Chosindikizira: Sinthani zolemba za digito kukhala makope enieni pamapepala.
• Altavoces y auriculares: Imakulolani kuti mumvetsere kusewera kwa mawu.

Mitundu ya Hardware: Zosakaniza Zosakanikirana

Pomaliza, taphatikiza zotumphukira, zomwe kuphatikiza zolowetsa deta ndi ntchito zotuluka. Iwo samangolandira chidziwitso, komanso amatumiza. Zitsanzo zina ndi:

• Pantallas táctiles: Amakulolani kuti muwone zambiri ndipo, panthawi imodzimodziyo, muzilumikizana nazo kudzera mukuwonekera mwachindunji.
• Impresoras multifunción: Kuphatikiza pa kusindikiza zikalata, mutha kuzijambula ndikuzisintha kukhala mafayilo a digito.
• Módems: Amagwirizanitsa zipangizo ndi intaneti, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti deta ilandire ndi kutumizidwa.

Mwachidule, tikhoza kunena kuti mitundu iyi ya hardware (kukonza, kusungirako, kulowetsa, kutulutsa ndi kusakaniza) ndizofunika kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito kompyuta. Mpaka pano, iwo akadalipo m'makompyuta onse amakono, zomwe zimathandiza kuti tipeze chilengedwe chenichenicho.