Artemis II: maphunziro, sayansi, ndi momwe mungatumizire dzina lanu mozungulira Mwezi

Artemis Wachiwiri Yakhala imodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri pa gawo latsopano la kufufuza kwa mwezi. Ntchitoyi, yokonzekera zenera loyambira kuyambira February mpaka Epulo 2026Kudzakhala koyamba kuwuluka kwa munthu pa pulogalamu ya Artemis komanso kuyesa kwakukulu kwa chombocho pakuwuluka. Orion ndi roketi SLS mu malo akuya danga.

Kwa ochepa 10 masiku oyendaOyenda mumlengalenga anayi adzazungulira Mwezi motsatira njira yachisanu ndi chitatu ndipo adzasunthira kutali Makilomita 370.000 kuchokera padziko lapansikufika ena 7.400 makilomita kupyola pa mweziPakadali pano, NASA yatsegula chitseko kuti aliyense alembe dzina lake pa a kukumbukira kwa digito komwe kumayendera Orionchizindikiro chophiphiritsa chomwe chimabweretsa ntchitoyo pafupi ndi nzika padziko lonse lapansi, nawonso Spain ndi ku Europe konse.

Maphunziro amphamvu paulendo waufupi koma wovuta

Mamembala anayi a Artemis II -Reid Wiseman, Victor Glover, Christina Koch and Jeremy Hansen- zatsala pang'ono kumaliza Miyezi 18 yokonzekera, nthawi yomwe idayamba Juni 2023 ndipo cholinga chake ndi kuonetsetsa kuti ogwira ntchitoyo ali odziwa bwino ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku za ntchitoyo komanso zochitika zosayembekezereka zomwe zingachitike mumlengalenga.

La gawo loyamba la maphunziro Kafukufukuyu adayang'ana pakuwunika mozama mkati mwa chombo cha Orion. Kwa pafupifupi miyezi itatu, adakhala ndi gawo limodzi ndi gulu kuti aphunzire mwatsatanetsatane. zowongolera, machitidwe othandizira moyo, kulumikizana, ndi njiraCholinga chake ndi chakuti, mukangonyamuka, aliyense wa ogwira nawo ntchito aziyenda mozungulira nyumbayo moloweza komanso kuti azitha kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu pakachitika zovuta zilizonse.

Pambuyo pake, oyenda mumlengalenga anapita ku Mistastin crater, ku Canada, amodzi mwa malo apadziko lapansi omwe amatsanzira bwino kwambiri mawonekedwe a mwezi. Kumeneko adachita a kwambiri maphunziro a geological: Kuzindikiritsa mapangidwe a miyala, kusanthula zigawo za zinthu, ndi machitidwe a zitsanzo. Ngakhale kuti Artemis Wachiwiri samaphatikizapo kutera kwa mwezi, zolimbitsa thupizi zimathandizira kuwongolera luso la ogwira nawo ntchito komanso zolemba zasayansi, luso lomwe lidzagwiritsidwenso ntchito muutumiki wotsatira.

La gawo lachitatu zazungulira ntchito za orbitalMu simulators a Johnson Space Center (Houston), ogwira nawo ntchito apanganso njira zowongolera komanso zowongolera malingaliro, ndikuyeserera zonse zomwe zimachitika nthawi zonse komanso zolephera. Mafanizidwe a injini zoyambira, kuwongolera njira, ndi ma dockings amawalola kuyesa momwe anthu amayankhira ku ntchito komanso kupsinjika kwa ndege yeniyeni.

Kuphatikiza pa chigawo chaumisiri, amlengalenga anayi alandira maphunziro apadera azachipatalaAmaphunzitsidwa chithandizo choyamba chapamwamba komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zida zowunikira monga stethoscopes ndi electrocardiographskotero kuti magulu Padziko Lapansi azitha kuyang'anira thanzi la ogwira nawo ntchito munthawi yeniyeni ndikuchitapo kanthu mwachangu pazovuta zilizonse.

Zakudya zopatsa thanzi, zolimbitsa thupi komanso kupumula: Kusamalira thupi pamalo akuya

Pa Johnson Space Center pali ntchito a chakudya machitidwe labotale amene adapanga menyu yosinthidwa ndi zokonda za munthu ndi zakudya zopatsa thanzi wa wa mu chombo aliyense. M’miyezi imeneyi, kuyezetsa kwachitika. nthawi ndi nthawi biochemical kuwunika kusanthula thupi lawo misa ndi zakudya, kupereka chidwi chapadera zakudya zofunika monga vitamini D, folate, calcium ndi iron, ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse kuchepa kwa mafupa ndi minofu mu microgravity.

The Orion spacecraft imaphatikizapo a choperekera madzi ndi chotenthetsera chakudyaIzi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mwayi wodya zakudya zotentha komanso kusunga madyedwe ofanana ndi omwe ali Padziko Lapansi. Ndizinthu zazing'ono pamapepala, koma zimakhudza umoyo wamaganizo ndikutsatira ndondomeko ya zakudya.

Mwakuthupi, wamkulu wa ofesi yophunzitsira ya Artemis II, Jacki Mahaffey, yatsindika kufunika kwa "core" kapena gawo lapakati la thupiMu microgravity, minofu yapakati imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse kuti ikhale yokhazikika, ngakhale pamene astronauts akuwoneka kuti alibe. Chifukwa chake, maphunziro amaphatikizapo masewera olimbitsa thupi ambiri olimbikitsa, mu masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi spacesuit atavalaKuyeserera kulowa ndikutuluka mnyumbamo kuti mulowetse mayendedwe ndi kaimidwe.

Pa nthawi ya ntchito, wogwira ntchito aliyense ayenera kudzipereka pafupifupi Mphindi 30 zolimbitsa thupi tsiku lililonseAdzagwiritsa ntchito ndondomeko ya kukana kosinthika kudzera pa flywheel kuyerekezera masewera olimbitsa thupi monga kupalasa, squats, kapena kufa. Chida chophatikizikachi chapangidwa kuti chizipanga kukana kwamakina popanda kufunikira kwa masikelo achikhalidwe, chofunikira kwambiri kilogalamu iliyonse ikawerengedwa.

Mpumulo ulinso gawo la dongosolo. NASA imalimbikira kuonetsetsa kugona maola asanu ndi atatu tsiku lililonse kwa gulu lonse m'njira yolumikizana. Iwo adzakhala nawo kupachika zikwama zogona zomwe adazichita kale pophunzitsa, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kuti thupi lizolowere kugona popanda chothandizira. Monga wa mu chombo akufotokozera Yosefe AhabuMumlengalenga, kuzungulira kwa tulo kumakhudzidwa ndi Dzuwa: pa International Space Station, mpaka 16 limatuluka dzuwa maola 24 aliwonseKusunga nthawi yopumula yolimba ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse kutopa.

Zadzidzidzi, kupulumuka ndi kupulumutsidwa m'nyanja

Gawo lina lofunika kwambiri la pulogalamu ya Artemis II likuyang'ana kwambiri ngozi ndi kupulumukaNASA yagonjetsa astronauts maphunziro a buoyancykuthamangitsidwa mwachangu ndi otsegula nyanja kupulumuka kubowola kuvala zobvala zakuthambo. Chimodzi mwa mayeserowa chinachitika mu nyanja ya Pacific pambali pa Gulu Lankhondo Lankhondo la United States, komwe amayeserera kuyang'ana pamwamba, kukwera pamapulatifomu opumira, komanso kulumikizana ndi ma helikoputala ndi zombo zopulumutsa anthu.

Zochita izi sizongopeka: kubwerera kwa Artemis II kudzafika pachimake pa a kulowanso kothamanga kwambiri mumlengalenga ndi a kuphulika kwa nyanja ya Pacificpafupi ndi gombe la San Diego. Magulu ophatikizana a NASA ndi dipatimenti yachitetezo adzakhala ndi udindo wopeza kapisozi, kuiteteza, ndikuchotsa ogwira ntchito. Kukumana ndi zochitika zofananira m'mbuyomu kumachepetsa zoopsa komanso nthawi zoyankhira pamene kusefukira kumachitika.

Sayansi yakukhala mumlengalenga mozama: thanzi, ma radiation, ndi data yamtsogolo

Ngakhale Artemis II ndi a kuyesa ndegeNASA idzatenga mwayi tsiku lililonse kusonkhanitsa zambiri momwe [dziko lapansi] limakhudzira danga lakuya ku chamoyo cha munthuOgwira ntchito adzachita nthawi imodzi ngati oyendetsa ntchito komanso monga maphunziro ophunzirira m'mizere ingapo yofufuza kugona, kupsinjika maganizo, chitetezo chamthupi, ndi kuyatsa ma radiation.

Imodzi mwa ntchito zofunika kwambiri ndi ARCheR (Artemis Research for Crew Health and Performance)Kuyesaku kumafuna kusanthula momwe kupuma, kuchulukira kwantchito, kuzindikira, ndi kugwirira ntchito limodzi zimasinthira mukachoka ku Earth orbit. Oyenda mumlengalenga adzavala zida padzanja zomwe zimalemba mayendedwe ndi kugona m'nthawi yonse ya ntchitoyo, ndipo adzayesa mayeso asananyamuke ndi pambuyo pake kuti athe kuyeza chidwi, kukumbukira, momwe akumvera, komanso mgwirizano pansi pamikhalidwe yeniyeni.

Mzere wina wa ntchito umayang'ana pa zizindikiro za chitetezo cha mthupiNASA ndi abwenzi ake adzasonkhanitsa zitsanzo za malovu pamapepala apadera isanayambe, nthawi, ndi pambuyo pa ntchitoyo, komanso malovu amadzimadzi ndi zitsanzo za magazi mu nthawi ya ndege isanayambe kapena itatha. Cholinga ndikuwunika momwe thupi limayankhira. chitetezo chamthupi chamunthu ku radiation, kudzipatula komanso mtunda kuchokera ku Dziko LapansiNdipo ngati ma virus obisika ayambiranso, monga tawonera kale pa International Space Station yokhala ndi kachilombo ka varicella-zoster.

Pulojekitiyi Avatar (Mayankho a Virtual Tissue Analogue of Astronaut) Idzaperekanso gawo lina lachidziwitso. Idzagwiritsidwa ntchito "ziwalo pa chip" pafupifupi kukula kwa USB flash drive yokhala ndi ma cell ochokera mafupa a oyenda mumlengalenga iwo eniZitsanzo zing'onozing'onozi zidzalola ochita kafukufuku kuti aphunzire momwe minofu yovuta kwambiriyi imachitira cheza champhamvu kwambiri m'malo akuya, ndipo zithandizira kutsimikizira ngati ukadaulo uwu ungathe kulosera momwe anthu angayankhire ndikusintha mayendedwe amtsogolo azachipatala.

Ogwira ntchito nawonso atenga nawo gawo pa kafukufuku wa “miyezo yokhazikika” zomwe NASA yakhala ikuchita kwa zaka zambiri pa ndege zina. Adzapereka zitsanzo za magazi, mkodzo, ndi malovu Kuyambira pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi asanayambe kukhazikitsidwa, adzayesedwa kuti asamayende bwino, kugwira ntchito kwa vestibular, mphamvu ya minofu, microbiome, masomphenya, ndi kuzindikira. Pambuyo pobwerera ku Dziko Lapansi, kuwunika kudzapitirira pafupifupi mwezi umodzi, makamaka makamaka chizungulire, kugwirizana ndi kayendedwe ka maso ndi mutu.

Deta yonseyi idzaphatikizidwa ndi chidziwitso cha ma radiation mkati mwa OrionKutsatira zomwe zinachitikira Artemis Woyamba, kumene zikwi za masensa anatumizidwa, Artemis II adzagwiritsanso ntchito. zowunikira zogwira ntchito komanso zamunthu payekha zimagawidwa muzoyenda zonse ndi ma dosimeter amunthu muzovala za oyenda mumlengalenga. Ngati milingo yokwezeka yazindikirika chifukwa cha zochitika za dzuwa, kuwongolera mishoni kumatha kuyitanitsa kumanga a "Pothawirapo" mkati mwa kapisozi kuchepetsa mlingo wolandiridwa.

M'derali, mgwirizano ndi Europe zikuwonekera: NASA ikugwiranso ntchito ndi a German Aerospace Center (DLR) mu mtundu watsopano wa chowunikira M-42 EXTndi kasanu ndi kasanu chigamulo cha amene adalowa m'malo pa Artemis I. Orion adzanyamula anayi mwa oyang'anira awa, omwe adzayikidwa pazigawo zosiyanasiyana mu kanyumba kuti ayeze molondola heavy ion radiation, zomwe zimaonedwa kuti ndizoopsa kwambiri kwa thanzi labwino kwa nthawi yaitali.

Kampeni yowonera mwezi ndi gawo la Europa mu Artemis

Kupitilira kuyesa kwachipatala, ogwira nawo ntchito adzagwiritsa ntchito mwayi wawo kuti achite a kampeni yowonera mweziAdzakhala anthu oyamba kuyang'ana malo ake pafupi kwambiri kuyambira 1972, ndipo adzalemba zomwe akuwona. zithunzi ndi zomvetseraKutengera tsiku lenileni loyambitsira ndi momwe kuyatsa, amathanso kukhala oyamba kuwona madera ena a mbali yakutali ya mwezi ndi maso a munthu.

NASA idzaphatikizana koyamba zochitika zenizeni zasayansi kuchokera pakuwongolera ndegeWoyang'anira wasayansi adzagwirizanitsa gulu la akatswiri okhudza ma craters, volcanism, tectonics, ndi ayezi wa mwezi Kuchokera ku Chipinda Choyesa Sayansi ku Johnson Space Center, gululi lisanthula zithunzi ndi deta zomwe zatumizidwa ndi ogwira nawo ntchito ndikupereka malingaliro pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo, zomwe zimagwira ntchito ngati kuyesa maulendo amtsogolo a mwezi.

Europe ili ndi gawo lalikulu mu dongosolo lonseli. Bungwe la Zamlengalenga la ku Ulaya (ESA) zimathandizira ku Orion European Service Moduleudindo popereka mphamvu, madzi, mpweya, ndi propulsion ku kapisozi. Komanso nawo chitukuko cha zigawo zikuluzikulu za siteshoni tsogolo mwezi. Chipata, yomwe idzayikidwe mozungulira Mwezi ngati malo opangira zinthu komanso sayansi.

ESA yalengeza kale kuti yasankha Astronaut aku Europe —Mjeremani, Mfalansa, ndi Mtaliyana—kuti achite nawo mishoni za Artemi zomwe zikubwera. Ngakhale Artemis II adzayendetsedwa ndi openda zakuthambo atatu a NASA ndi m'modzi wochokera ku Canadian Space Agency, mapanganowa akutsimikizira kuti. Europe ikhala paulendo wam'tsogolo wamweziIzi ndizofunikira kwambiri kumayiko ngati Spain, omwe amathandizira ku ESA ndikupindula ndi kubwerera kwaukadaulo ndi mafakitale.

Kutengapo gawo kwa ku Europe kumeneku, limodzi ndi mgwirizano ndi mabungwe monga DLR pankhani ya radiation, kumayika derali pamalo abwino kwambiri mpikisano watsopano wa mwezi, momwe mphamvu monga nawonso amatenga nawo mbali China ndipo, pang'ono, RussiaArtemis II ndi, pochita, sitepe ina mu kampeni ya nthawi yayitali yomwe cholinga chake ndi kukhazikitsa a kukhalapo kosalekeza kwa munthu pa mwezi akukonzekera kale maulendo oyamba opita ku Mars.

Tumizani dzina lanu ku Orion: kuyitanidwa padziko lonse lapansi kuti mukwere Artemis II

Pamodzi ndi zida zonsezi zaukadaulo ndi sayansi, NASA idafuna kutsegula a njira yolumikizira nzikaAliyense, wochokera ku Spain, Europe kapena dziko lina lililonse, akhoza kulembetsa dzina lake kuti ayende. Artemis Wachiwiri mkati a Memory ya digito yoyikidwa mu OrionSi tikiti yakuthupi, inde, koma ndi njira yophiphiritsira yolowa nawo utumwi.

Njirayi ndi yosavuta: ingolowetsani Tsamba lovomerezeka la NASA loperekedwa ku kampeni ndipo lembani fomu yayifupi kwambiri. Dzina loyamba, dzina lomaliza ndi a PIN kodi zomwe wogwiritsa ntchito amasankha, nthawi zambiri pakati pa manambala anayi ndi asanu ndi awiri. PIN ndiyo kiyi imodzi kuti mutenge chiphaso chokwera cha digitoChoncho, bungweli likuchenjeza kuti silingabwezeretsedwe ngati litatayika.

Fomu ikatumizidwa, dongosololi limapanga a chiphaso chokwerera chamunthu kugwirizana ndi Artemis II. Mulinso dzina lolembetsedwa, nambala yozindikiritsa, ndi zolemba za mishoni, zomwe otenga nawo mbali ambiri amagawana nawo pazama TV kapena kugwiritsa ntchito pophunzitsa. NASA imalimbikitsa kugawa makadi awa ngati njira kubweretsa kufufuza malo pafupi ndi sukulu, mabanja ndi okonda.

Malinga ndi ziwerengero zaposachedwa kwambiri zofalitsidwa ndi bungweli, ntchitoyi idasonkhana kale mazana masauzande a zolembandi kauntala kukula tsiku ndi tsiku. Mayina onsewo adzaphatikizidwa kukhala amodzi chithandizo cha kukumbukira zomwe zidzaphatikizidwa mu hardware ya chombocho chisanayambike. Paulendo wa masiku khumi, mndandanda wa mayinawo udzamaliza njira yofanana ndi ya ogwira ntchito: kuchoka pa Kennedy Space Center kupita ku ntchentche ya mwezi ndi kubwerera ku Earth.

Kwa anthu wamba, zomwe zimachitikazo sizisintha momwe ntchitoyo ikuyendera, koma imathandizira kumvetsetsa bwino. Kudziwa kuti dzina lanu likuyenda ku Orion kumasintha ntchito yakutali, yaukadaulo kukhala chinthu chokhala ndi ... pafupi kwambiri maganizo gawoMasukulu ambiri ku Spain ndi maiko ena aku Europe akugwiritsa ntchito kampeniyi pogwira ntchito ndi ophunzira awo pa nkhani za sayansi, ukadaulo ndi kufufuza.

Pulogalamu yochedwa, koma yokhala ndi mapu omveka bwino opita ku Mwezi ndi Mars.

Artemis II wavutika kuchedwetsa kangapo Ponena za masiku ake oyambilira, omwe amatengera kukhwima kwa roketi ya SLS, chiphaso cha ndege ya Orion, ndi zina za pulogalamuyi, NASA tsopano imayika ntchitoyi mkati mwa zenera lomwe limapitilira mpaka ... Epulo 2026, ndikuyika patsogolo kukhazikitsidwa kokha pamene machitidwe onse ali okonzeka.

Ndege iyi ndi mlatho wolunjika Artemis Wachitatu, ntchito yomwe ikufuna kukwaniritsa kutera kwa mwezi koyamba kuyambira 1972 kugwiritsa ntchito, mwazinthu zina, wobwereketsa woperekedwa ndi makampani apadera. Kuti afike pamenepo, Artemi Wachiwiri ayenera kusonyeza zimenezo SLS-Orion suite ndi machitidwe apadziko lapansi Amagwira ntchito modalirika ndi anthu omwe ali m'bwaloli: kuchokera ku chithandizo chamoyo kupita ku mauthenga, kuphatikizapo kuyenda ndi khalidwe la kapangidwe kake m'magawo ovuta kwambiri a ulendo.

Pakadali pano, NASA ikuumirira kuti pulogalamu ya Artemis simangotsatira zolinga za sayansi. Bungweli likunena za zotulukira, zopindulitsa pazachuma ndi chitukuko chaukadaulo Izi zitha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo m'magawo ambiri padziko lonse lapansi, kuyambira zida zatsopano mpaka mphamvu ndi zamankhwala. Kuti izi zitheke kwa zaka zambiri, chithandizo cha ndale chiyenera kugwirizana ndi kuthandizidwa ndi anthu.

Choncho kuyesetsa kusunga a kugawana nkhani zofufuzaKuphatikizira mayina mu kukumbukira komwe kudzazungulira Mwezi, kutsegula deta ya sayansi ku mayiko apadziko lonse, ndi kuphatikiza mabwenzi monga ESA zonse ndi zidutswa za njira yofanana: kusonyeza kuti kufufuza kwa mwezi si ntchito ya dziko limodzi kapena osankhika, koma kuyesetsa pamodzi. mgwirizano wapadziko lonse wa mabungwe, mabizinesi ndi nzika.

Ndi Artemis II pafupi ndi ngodya, kuphatikiza kwa maphunziro athunthu, kuyesa upainiya, mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi, komanso kutenga nawo mbali kwa anthu Ikufotokoza za ntchito yaifupi, koma yokhala ndi tanthauzo lalikulu. Kwa iwo omwe akuyang'ana kuchokera ku Spain kapena kulikonse ku Ulaya, kumverera kuti kubwerera ku Mwezi sikulinso tsamba m'mabuku a mbiri yakale: ndi moyo, ndondomeko yopitilira momwe zingathere kuti alowe nawo, ngakhale posiya chinthu chophweka monga dzina lomwe likuyenda mkati mwa Orion.