Chigawo Chake Chachikulu cha Ma cell ndi Neuron

Chigawo choyambirira cell system yamanjenje, neuron, ndi ⁢chimodzi mwa zigawo zofunika kwambiri za ubongo wa munthu. Kuyimira gawo lopangira zidziwitso ndi kufalitsa mu dongosolo lathu lamanjenje, ma neurons amatenga gawo lofunikira pakupanga ndikusintha malingaliro athu, momwe timamvera komanso zochita zathu. M'nkhaniyi, tiwona mwatsatanetsatane kapangidwe kake ndi magwiridwe antchito a cell yapaderayi, ndikupereka lingaliro laukadaulo komanso losalowerera ndale la "kufunika" kwake mu gawo la neuroscience.

Mapangidwe a neuron ndi zigawo zake

Mapangidwe a neuron ndi gawo lofunikira pakugwira ntchito kwa minyewa iliyonse imakhala ndi ya magawo angapo omwe amagwira ntchito yapadera pakufalitsa ndi kukonza zidziwitso. ⁢Zigawozi zikuphatikiza soma, dendrites, axon ⁤ndi synaptic terminal.

Soma, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti cell body, ndi gawo lalikulu la neuron ndipo lili ndi phata. Ndiwo udindo pa kaphatikizidwe ndi processing wa mapuloteni zofunika neuronal ntchito. Nthambi ya dendrites kuchokera ku soma ndi kulandira zizindikiro kuchokera ku ma neuroni ena. Zowonjezera zama cell izi zimawonjezera malo olumikizirana, kulola kulandila ma siginecha angapo nthawi imodzi.

Kumbali ina, axon ndi chowonjezera chimodzi cha ma cell chomwe chimatumiza "zizindikiro" zamagetsi kuchokera ku soma kupita ku ma neuroni ena kapena ma cell m'thupi. Axon imakutidwa ndi wosanjikiza wa myelin, womwe umakhala ngati insulator yamagetsi ndikufulumizitsa kuthamanga kwa ma sigino. Mapeto a Synaptic ndi zida zapadera zomwe zili kumapeto kwa axon,⁤ ndipo zimakhala ngati malo olumikizirana ndi ma neuron ena kapena ma cell. Kupyolera mu mapeto awa, zizindikiro za mankhwala zimatulutsidwa ndikutumizidwa ku ma neuroni oyandikana nawo kuti apitirize kufalitsa chidziwitso.

Udindo wa axon mu ntchito ya neuronal

Axon ndi gawo lofunikira la ntchito ya neuronal, chifukwa imayang'anira kutumiza mphamvu zamagetsi zopangidwa ndi ma neurons kupita ku maselo ena. Kupyolera mu mawonekedwe ake apadera komanso apadera, axon imalola kulankhulana koyenera komanso mofulumira pakati pa zigawo zosiyanasiyana zamanjenje.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri za axon ndikutha kuyendetsa mphamvu zamagetsi m'litali mwake. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa nembanemba yopangidwa ndi polarized yomwe imalola kuyenda kwa ayoni kudzera munjira zinazake za ion Liwiro la kuwongolera kwa minyewa ya axon kumatha kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, monga kukula kwa axon ndi kukhalapo kwa axon. myelin.

Kuphatikiza pa ntchito yake pakufalitsa mphamvu zamagetsi, axon imathanso kusintha chizindikiro chomwe imatumiza potulutsa ma neurotransmitters pa ma synapses. Mankhwalawa amamasulidwa poyankha kubwera kwa mitsempha ya mitsempha pa axon terminal, ndipo amatha kukhudza ntchito ya maselo olandirira pa synapse. Mwanjira imeneyi, axon sikuti imangotumiza zidziwitso, komanso imatha kukhudzanso ntchito ya maselo oyandikana nawo potulutsa ma neurotransmitters enieni.

Synapses ndi kufunikira kwawo mukulankhulana kwa neuronal

Synapses ndizomwe zimapangidwira kulumikizana pakati pa ma cell a mitsempha. Maulumikizidwe apaderawa amalola kutumiza ma siginecha amagetsi ndi mankhwala, omwe ndi ofunikira kuti dongosolo lamanjenje lizigwira ntchito moyenera. Kufunika kwawo kuli chifukwa chakuti ali ndi udindo wogwirizanitsa ndi kukonza chidziwitso mu ubongo, kuthandizira kugwirizanitsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana zamaganizo ndi zamagalimoto.

Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya ma synapses: mankhwala ndi magetsi. ⁢Chemical synapses ndi yofala kwambiri ⁤ndipo imadziwika ndi kumasulidwa ⁤ma neurotransmitters, omwe ndi mankhwala omwe amatumiza zizindikiro pakati pa maselo a mitsempha. Izi zimapanga kuyankhidwa mu selo lolandira, kaya kosangalatsa kapena kulepheretsa ntchito yake. Kumbali inayi, ma synapses amagetsi samakhala kawirikawiri ndipo amapezeka pamene maselo a mitsempha amalumikizana mwachindunji ndi magulu otchedwa "communicating clefts", kulola kutuluka kwa magetsi kuchokera ku selo limodzi kupita ku lina.

Kuyankhulana kwa Neuronal kudzera mu ma synapses ndikofunikira pakugwira bwino ntchito kwamanjenje. Chifukwa cha iwo, zizindikiro zamagetsi zomwe zimapangidwira mu selo la mitsempha zimatha kufalikira ndi kutumizidwa ku maselo ena, zomwe zimalola kufalitsa uthenga kuchokera kudera lina la ubongo kupita ku lina. Izi ndizofunikira pakulumikizana kwamayankho komanso magwiridwe antchito apamwamba amalingaliro, monga kuphunzira, kukumbukira, ndi kupanga zisankho. Kuphatikiza apo, ma synapses amatha kusintha ndikusintha mphamvu zawo zopatsirana, zomwe zimalola kuti synaptic plasticity komanso kupanga maulumikizidwe atsopano a neuronal, omwe ndi ofunikira pakukulitsa ndi kuphunzira luso laubongo.

Dendrites ndi ntchito yawo polandila ma sign a neuronal

Ma dendrites ndi nthambi zamagulu omwe amapezeka mu neurons, omwe amalandila ma neuronal kuchokera ku ma cell ena amitsempha. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikujambula ndikusintha zidziwitso zomwe zimafika ku neuron, motero zimalola kulumikizana pakati pa maselo osiyanasiyana amanjenje. Ma dendrites awa amachoka ku thupi la neuronal ndikulumikizana mpaka kumapeto kwa ma neuroni ena, ndikukhazikitsa ma synapses.

Ntchito yaikulu ya dendrites ndi kulandira ndi kutumiza zizindikiro zamagetsi ndi mankhwala kuchokera ku ma neuroni ena. Izi ndichifukwa choti ma dendrites amakutidwa ndi ma dendritic spines, ma protrusions ang'onoang'ono owoneka ngati msana omwe amawonjezera kukhudzana ndi ma synapses oyandikana nawo. Msana uliwonse wa dendritic⁢ uli ndi zolandilira zomwe zimatha kuzindikira ma neurotransmitters otulutsidwa ndi ma cell ena amitsempha. Mwa njira iyi, ma dendrites amatha kulandira zizindikiro zokondweretsa kapena zolepheretsa, zomwe zidzakhudza kufalitsa uthenga wa neuronal.

Ntchito ina yofunika ya dendrites ndi kuphatikiza kwa chizindikiro. Chifukwa neuron imatha kulandira maulumikizidwe angapo kuchokera ku ma neuron ena, ma dendrites amatha kuphatikizira ndikuwongolera ma siginecha omwe akubwerawa. Kudzera mu njira zama electrochemical ndi neuromodulatory, ma dendrites amatha kusintha mphamvu ya ma synapses, kukulitsa kapena kuchepetsa chizindikiro cholandilidwa. Izi zimathandiza kuti neuron idziwe ngati itumiza minyewa ku maselo ena kapena ayi.

Thupi la cell la neuron komanso kutenga nawo gawo pakuphatikiza chidziwitso

El Ma cell a thupi Neuron, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti soma, ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri mu cell ya minyewa yomwe imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuphatikiza chidziwitso. Ili pakatikati pa neuron, thupi la cell ndi pomwe nyukiliya ndi ma cell ambiri omwe amalola kuti azigwira ntchito amakhala.

Imodzi mwa ntchito zazikulu za thupi la selo ndiyo kulandira ndi kukonza zizindikiro zamagetsi zomwe zimafika kudzera mu dendrites, nthambi zazifupi, za nthambi zomwe zimachokera ku selo. Zizindikiro zimenezi, zomwe zimadziwika kuti synapses, zimakhala ndi mauthenga omwe amafalitsidwa ndi maselo ena a mitsempha. Thupi la selo liri ndi udindo wophatikiza zizindikirozi ndikusankha ngati ziyenera kutumizidwa ku maselo ena a mitsempha kapena ayi.

Maselo amakhalanso ndi netiweki yovuta kwambiri⁤ ya ulusi wotchedwa ⁣cytoskeleton, yomwe imapereka chithandizo cha neuron. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka pakutumiza kwakutali kwamphamvu zamagetsi kudzera munjira za neuron, monga axon Kuphatikiza apo, thupi la cell lili ndi ma organelles osiyanasiyana, monga endoplasmic reticulum ndi zida zama cell udindo pa kaphatikizidwe ndi processing wa mapuloteni zofunika ntchito ya selo.

Mwachidule, ma cell a neuron amatenga gawo lofunikira pakuphatikiza chidziwitso cholandilidwa ndi cell ya mitsempha. Ndiwo malo omwe zizindikiro zamagetsi zimakonzedwa ndipo zisankho zimaperekedwa pazochitika zawo zotsatila. Kuphatikiza apo, imapereka chithandizo chamankhwala ku neuron ndipo ndiye likulu la kaphatikizidwe ka mapuloteni kofunikira kuti igwire bwino ntchito. Monga gawo lofunikira la dongosolo lamanjenje, kuphunzira kwa thupi la cell kumatithandiza kumvetsetsa momwe chidziwitso chimapangidwira ndikuphatikizidwa⁢ muubongo ndi dongosolo lamanjenje lonse.

Udindo wa ⁢ma neurotransmitters pakufalitsa ma siginecha a neuronal

Ma Neurotransmitters ndi mamolekyu ofunikira polumikizana pakati pa ma neurons⁤ mu ⁢nervous system. Mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito ngati amithenga, kulola kufalitsa kwamagetsi ndi ma siginecha amankhwala pakati pa ma cell a mitsempha. Ngakhale kuti ndi yaying'ono, ma neurotransmitters amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'thupi, kuyambira pakuwongolera malingaliro ndi kuzindikira mpaka kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a minofu ndi kuyankha kowawa.

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma neurotransmitters, iliyonse ili ndi ntchito zake. Ena mwa ma neurotransmitters odziwika bwino ndi awa:

• Acetylcholine: Neurotransmitter iyi imakhudzidwa ndi kuwongolera minofu, kuphunzira, kukumbukira, ndi kuwongolera kugona.
• Dopamine: Dopamine imatenga gawo lofunikira pakuwongolera malingaliro, kulimbikitsa, chisangalalo, ndi mphotho.
• Serotonin: Neurotransmitter iyi imasintha kusinthasintha, kulakalaka kudya, kugona, komanso kuwongolera zowawa.
• GABA: Gamma-aminobutyric acid imagwira ntchito ngati cholepheretsa neurotransmitter, imachepetsa zochitika za neuronal ndikulimbikitsa kumasuka.

Kutumiza kwa ma sign a neuronal kudzera mu ma neurotransmitters kumaphatikizapo zochitika zingapo zovuta. Neuron ikatsegulidwa, mphamvu yamagetsi imapangidwa yomwe imadutsa mu axon yake. Ikafika pa synapse, ma vesicles odzazidwa ndi ma neurotransmitters amatulutsidwa mu danga la synaptic. Ma neurotransmitterswa amamangiriza ku ma receptor pa postsynaptic neuron, zomwe zimayambitsa mndandanda wazizindikiro zamankhwala zomwe zimatha kuyambitsa kapena kuletsa cell receptor.

Kufunika kwa myelin pamayendedwe amagetsi

Udindo wofunikira wa myelin pakuwongolera mphamvu zamagetsi

Myelin ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakugwira ntchito "koyenera" kwa dongosolo la mitsempha. Mchitidwewu, womwe umadziwika⁤asaltatory⁤, ⁤amalola zikhumbo⁣kuyenda moyenera⁤ minyewa, yomwe ndiyofunikira kuti thupi la munthu lizigwira ntchito moyenera. Popanda kukhalapo kwa myelin,⁤ kutumiza kwa mphamvu zamagetsi kumakhala kocheperako komanso kocheperako.

Kufunika kwa myelin kumagona pakutha kwake kuwongolera liwiro komanso mayendedwe amphamvu zamagetsi. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake ka lipid, myelin ⁤imapanga chotchinga⁢ chomwe chimasokoneza kutaya mphamvu ndikuletsa kutuluka kwamagetsi. Izi zimalola kuti zikhumbo zifalikire mwachangu⁤ ndi⁤ zoyendetsedwa bwino, motero kukhathamiritsa kufalikira kwa chidziwitso pakati pa magawo osiyanasiyana amanjenje Kuphatikiza apo, myelin imathandizira kuteteza ndi kusinthika kwa ma cell a mitsempha, kusunga umphumphu ndi kugwira ntchito moyenera kwa mitsempha. chapakati ndi zotumphukira mantha dongosolo.

Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti myelin siyofunikira kokha pakugwira ntchito kwa mitsempha yaumunthu, komanso kwa zinyama zina ndi zamoyo zambiri. Chifukwa cha myelination, zamoyo zimatha kuyankha mwachangu ku zokopa zakunja, kugwirizanitsa mayendedwe ovuta komanso kukonza chidziwitso moyenera. Mwachidule, myelin imakhala ndi gawo lofunikira pakuyendetsa bwino kwamphamvu zamagetsi, kulola kugwira ntchito moyenera kwa dongosolo lamanjenje ndikuwonetsetsa kuti thupi lathu likuyenda bwino.

Neuronal plasticity ndi kufunika kwake pakuphunzira ⁤ndi⁢ kukumbukira

Neural plasticity ndi chinthu chochititsa chidwi chomwe chimatanthawuza kutha kwa ubongo kusintha ndi kuzolowera zochitika zatsopano pamoyo wonse. Katunduyu wa ma neuroni ndi wofunikira kuti aphunzire ndi kukumbukira, chifukwa amalola kupanga ndi kuphatikizika kwa kulumikizana kwatsopano kwa ma synaptic poyankha zolimbikitsa zachilengedwe.

Pophunzira, pulasitiki ya neuronal imakhala ndi gawo lofunikira polola ma neuroni kuti asinthe mawonekedwe awo ndikugwira ntchito poyankha zomwe zachitika. Mwanjira iyi, kulumikizana kwatsopano kumakhazikitsidwa pakati pa ma neuron ndi omwe alipo kale kumalimbikitsidwa, zomwe zimathandizira kupeza chidziwitso ndi luso. Kuphatikiza apo, pulasitiki imathandizanso kuti tichotse kapena kufooketsa kulumikizana komwe kuli kofunikira kuti tipewe kuchuluka kwa chidziwitso muubongo.

Koma kukumbukira, pulasitiki ya neuronal ndiyofunikira kuti apange mapangidwe awo ndi kusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali kwa chidziwitso. Pa kulimbikitsa ndondomeko kukumbukira, ma synapses amalimbikitsidwa ndipo maulumikizano okhalitsa amakhazikitsidwa pakati pa ma neuroni omwe akukhudzidwa ndi kulembera chidziwitso. Momwemonso, neural plasticity imalola kukonzanso kwa ma neuronal circuits, komwe kumathandizira kuchira komanso kutulutsa zikumbukiro zomwe zidasungidwa kale.

Malangizo kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino komanso kugwira ntchito moyenera kwa ma neuron

Thanzi komanso kugwira ntchito moyenera kwa ma neuron athu ndikofunikira pa moyo wathu. Kuti akhale ndi thanzi labwino, ndikofunikira kutsatira malangizo omwe amalimbikitsa thanzi lawo ndikupewa kuwonongeka.

Mfundo yofunika kwambiri ndi kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi zokhala ndi michere yambiri. Kuphatikizira zakudya monga zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, zomwe zili ndi ma antioxidants, zitha kuteteza ma neuroni ku⁢ kuwonongeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha ma free radicals. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kudya mafuta athanzi, monga omega-3 fatty acids omwe amapezeka mu nsomba monga salimoni ndi tuna, zomwe zimapindulitsa kulankhulana ndi neuronal plasticity.

Chinthu chinanso choyenera kuganizira ndi kufunikira⁤ kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumalimbikitsa kutulutsidwa kwa mankhwala mu ubongo, monga ubongo-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), yomwe imalimbikitsa kukula ndi kupulumuka kwa ma neuron. Kuonjezera apo, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumapangitsa kuti magazi aziyenda bwino komanso kupereka mpweya ndi zakudya m'maselo a ubongo, zomwe zimalimbikitsa thanzi lawo ndikugwira ntchito.

Momwemonso, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi thanzi labwino komanso kuchepetsa nkhawa. Kupsinjika kwakanthawi kumatha kusokoneza ma neuron, kumakhudza kupulumuka kwawo komanso pulasitiki. Pofuna kuthana ndi kupsinjika, tikulimbikitsidwa kuchita njira zopumula, monga kusinkhasinkha kapena yoga. Kuphatikiza apo, kugona mokwanira ndikofunikira kuti ma neuron azitha kukonza ndikukonza zidziwitso moyenera. Kukhazikitsa njira zogona nthawi zonse ndikusunga malo oti mupumule bwino ndikofunikira pakusamalira thanzi la ma neuron.

Mwachidule, kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino komanso kugwira ntchito moyenera kwa ma neuron, ndikofunikira kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse, kuchepetsa nkhawa, komanso kusamalira thanzi lamalingaliro. Potsatira malangizowa, tikulimbikitsa pulasitiki ya neuronal, kulankhulana bwino pakati pa maselo a ubongo ndi kupewa matenda a ubongo. Kusamalira ma neuron athu ndikusamalira zathu thanzi ndi ubwino mwambiri.

Mphamvu ya zakudya pa thanzi la neuronal

Zakudya zopatsa thanzi zimathandizira kwambiri thanzi la neuronal. Zakudya zomwe timadya zimakhudza mwachindunji chitukuko ndi kugwira ntchito kwa maselo a ubongo. Zakudya zopatsa thanzi zokhala ndi michere yambiri ndizofunikira kuti ubongo ukhale wathanzi komanso kupewa matenda a neurodegenerative.

Omega-3 fatty acids ndiwothandiza kwambiri pa thanzi la neuronal. Mankhwalawa amapezeka muzakudya monga nsomba, chia, ndi mtedza. Omega-3s ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu za ma cell a muubongo, zomwe zimathandiza kulimbikitsa nembanemba zama cell ndikuwongolera kulumikizana pakati pa ma neuron.

Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti ma antioxidants akudya mokwanira m'zakudya zathu. Zinthu izi zimateteza maselo a muubongo kupsinjika ndi oxidative komanso kuwonongeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha ma free radicals. Zakudya monga mabulosi abulu, sipinachi, ndi broccoli zili ndi ma antioxidants ambiri ndipo zimatha kuteteza kuchepa kwa chidziwitso komwe kumakhudzana ndi ukalamba.

Zotsatira za kupsinjika pa ntchito ya neuronal

Kupsinjika maganizo ndi kuyankha mwakuthupi komanso m'malingaliro pazochitika zomwe zimawoneka ngati zowopseza kapena zovuta. Yankho limeneli likhoza kukhala ndi mphamvu yaikulu pa ntchito ya ma neuron, kukhudza mbali zosiyanasiyana za ubongo ndikusintha ntchito yawo.

Chimodzi mwazotsatira za kupsinjika kwa ma neuron ndikutulutsa kwa mahomoni monga cortisol, omwe amatha kukhala ndi poizoni pama cell awa. Cortisol pamilingo yayikulu imatha kuwononga ma cell a neurons ndikusokoneza kulumikizana kwawo komanso kutumiza ma sign. Izi zitha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo pazidziwitso monga ⁤ kukumbukira ndi kuphunzira.

Chotsatira china cha kupsinjika kwa ma neuron ndikuyambitsa njira yoyankhira yotupa muubongo. Kupsinjika kwakanthawi kumatha kuyambitsa kuyankha kwa kutupa kwanthawi yayitali, komwe kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa neuronal. Kutupa kosatha kumatha kusokoneza pulasitiki ya neuronal, yomwe ndi kuthekera kwaubongo kusinthira ndikusintha potengera zatsopano.

Kufunika kochita masewera olimbitsa thupi⁢ mu⁤ kulimbikitsa thanzi laubongo⁢

Zochita zolimbitsa thupi zimathandizira kwambiri kulimbikitsa thanzi laubongo Kupyolera mukuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi, zopindulitsa zingapo zitha kupezeka zomwe zimathandizira kuti ubongo uzigwira ntchito bwino komanso kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a neurodegenerative. Pansipa pali zabwino⁤ zotsatira zabwino zolimbitsa thupi pa thanzi laubongo:

1. Kupititsa patsogolo chidziwitso: Zochita zolimbitsa thupi zimalimbikitsa kupanga mankhwala muubongo omwe amalimbikitsa kukula kwa maselo atsopano a muubongo, omwe amathandizira kukumbukira kukumbukira, kulingalira, kuphunzira, ndi luso lina la kuzindikira.

2. Amachepetsa kupsinjika ndi nkhawa: Pochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, thupi limatulutsa ma endorphins, omwe amadziwika kuti hormone yachimwemwe, yomwe imathandizira kuchepetsa nkhawa ndi nkhawa. Izi sizimangowonjezera thanzi labwino, komanso zimakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pa ubongo pochepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda okhudzana ndi kupsinjika maganizo, monga kuvutika maganizo.

3. Kumachulukitsa kumayenda kwa magazi muubongo: Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse kumapangitsa kuti magazi aziyenda ku ubongo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya wabwino ndi zakudya zikhale bwino m'maselo a ubongo. Izi zimalimbitsa kulumikizana kwa neural ndikuteteza thanzi laubongo kwa nthawi yayitali.

Malangizo a ⁢chisamaliro⁤ cha ma neuron mu⁤ magawo akukalamba

Tikamakalamba, kusamalira ma neuron athu kumakhala kofunika kwambiri kuti tikhale ndi thanzi labwino muubongo. Nawa malingaliro ena oti tisamalire ma neurons athu panthawiyi:

1.⁢ Khalani ndi zakudya zopatsa thanzi: Sankhani zakudya zokhala ndi ma antioxidants, monga zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zamitundu yowala. Zakudya izi zitha kuthandizira kuchepetsa kupsinjika kwa okosijeni m'maselo aubongo ndikusunga ntchito yawo yabwino. Ndikofunikiranso kuphatikizira omega-3 fatty acids, monga omwe amapezeka mu nsomba zamafuta, mtedza, ndi mbewu, chifukwa amathandizira kulumikizana pakati pa ma neuron.

2. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse: Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse kungathandize kuti magazi aziyenda ku ubongo, zomwe zingalimbikitse kukula ndi kupulumuka kwa ma neuron. Yesetsani kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi osachepera mphindi 30 tsiku lililonse, monga kuyenda, kusambira, kapena kupalasa njinga.

3. Yambitsani maganizo anu: Sungani ubongo wanu kukhala wotanganidwa pochita nawo zinthu zomwe zimakulepheretsani kukumbukira, chidwi, ndi luso lotha kuthetsa mavuto. Mutha kuwerenga, kuthetsa mawu ophatikizika, kuphunzira chilankhulo china, kapena kusewera chida choimbira. Kusunga malingaliro anu akugwira ntchito kungathandize kulimbikitsa kulumikizana pakati pa ma neuron ndikuletsa kuchepa kwa chidziwitso.

Mphamvu ya kugona ndi ubwino wa kupuma pakugwira ntchito kwa ma neuroni

Kafukufuku wa sayansi wawonetsa kukhudzidwa kwakukulu komwe kugona komanso kupuma bwino kumakhudza magwiridwe antchito a neuroni. Munthu akagona, ubongo wake umachita zinthu zingapo zofunika kuti dongosolo la mitsempha liziyenda bwino.

Kupumula kwabwino n’kofunika kuti ⁤tigwire bwino ntchito ya minyewa.⁢ M’tulo tofa nato, mafunde a muubongo amayenda pang’onopang’ono ndipo ⁢mahomoni ⁤ofunika kuti ⁢maselo a minyewa agwire bwino ntchito. zomwe zimathandizira kuphunzira ndi kukumbukira.

Kumbali inayi, kusowa tulo kapena kupuma kosakwanira kumatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa pakugwira ntchito kwa ma neuron. Kusagona tulo kosatha, mwachitsanzo, kungayambitse kuchepa kwa pulasitiki muubongo komanso kusintha kwa kupanga ma neurotransmitter. ⁤Zosinthazi zimatha kuonekera m'mavuto okhazikika, vuto la kukumbukira komanso kusokonezeka kwamalingaliro.

Mafunso ndi Mayankho

Funso: Kodi gawo loyambira la neuron ndi chiyani?
Yankho:⁢ Chigawo choyambirira cha ma neuron ndi cell ya minyewa, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti neuron.

Funso: Kodi neuron imatanthauzidwa bwanji?
Yankho: Neuron ndi selo lapadera la dongosolo lamanjenje lomwe limatumiza zidziwitso kudzera mumagetsi ndi zamagetsi.

Funso: Kodi kapangidwe kake ka neuron ndi chiyani?
Yankho: Kapangidwe kake ka neuron kumaphatikizapo soma kapena cell cell, yomwe ili ndi nyukiliya ndi organelles zofunika. Kuphatikiza apo, ili ndi ma dendrites kuti alandire ma sign, axon kutumiza chidziwitso, ndi ma synaptic terminals kuti alumikizane ndi ma neuron ena.

Funso: Kodi ntchito yayikulu ya neuron ndi chiyani?
Yankho: Ntchito yaikulu⁢ ya⁤ neuron ndi kukonza ndi kufalitsa uthenga mu mawonekedwe a mphamvu zamagetsi ndi kutulutsa ma neurotransmitters. Izi zimathandiza kulankhulana ndi kufalitsa zizindikiro mu dongosolo lonse la mitsempha.

Funso: Kodi kulumikizana pakati pa ma neuron kumachitika bwanji?
Yankho: Kulumikizana pakati pa ma neuron kumatheka kudzera mu ma synapses, omwe ndi kulumikizana kwapadera pakati pa ma axon mathero a neuron imodzi ndi ma dendrites a ina. Kutumiza kwa ma siginecha a electrochemical kumachitika kudzera mu ma neurotransmitters.

Funso: Kodi mitundu yayikulu ya ma neuron ndi iti?
Yankho:⁤ Mitundu ikuluikulu ya ma neuron ndi:sensery neurons, yomwe ili ndi udindo wotumiza chidziwitso ku ⁢central nervous system; motor neurons, yomwe imatumiza ma sign kuchokera dongosolo la mitsempha chapakati chopita ku minofu kapena glands; ndi ma interneurons, omwe amathandizira kulumikizana pakati pa ma neuron ena.

Funso: Kodi kukhulupirika ndi kugwira ntchito moyenera kwa ma neuron kumasungidwa bwanji?
Yankho: Kukhulupirika ndi kugwira ntchito moyenera kwa ma neuron kumasungidwa kudzera mu njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe zikuphatikizapo kupanga myelin, chinthu chomwe chimakwirira ma axon ndikuwongolera liwiro la kufalikira kwa mphamvu zamagetsi, komanso kulinganiza kwa ionic ndi kuwongolera kwa ndende ya neurotransmitter.

Funso: Kodi kufunikira kwa ma neuron m'thupi ndi chiyani?
Yankho: Ma Neurons amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakugwira ntchito ndi kugwirizanitsa ntchito zonse za thupi. Iwo ali ndi udindo wa kuzindikira kwamalingaliro, kuwongolera magalimoto, kuwongolera machitidwe a thupi ndi kuphatikiza kukumbukira, pakati pa ntchito zina zambiri zoyambira zamanjenje.

Funso: Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ma neuron akawonongeka kapena kufooka?
Yankho: Pamene ma neurons awonongeka kapena akuwonongeka, matenda osiyanasiyana a ubongo amatha kukhalapo, malingana ndi malo omwe akhudzidwa ndi izi zingaphatikizepo kutaya kwa magalimoto, kuchepa kwa chidziwitso, kuvutika kukumbukira, kusintha kwa maganizo.

Funso: Kodi ma neurons owonongeka angapangidwenso?
Yankho: Nthawi zambiri, ma neuroni owonongeka sangathe kusinthika kwathunthu. Komabe, kafukufuku wina akuwonetsa kuti mitundu ina ya ma neuron imatha kukhala ndi mphamvu yocheperako yosinthika pansi pazikhalidwe zina. Ili ndi gawo la kafukufuku wasayansi wopitilira komanso kupita patsogolo.

Poganizira za m'mbuyo

Mwachidule, gawo lofunikira la ma cellular a dongosolo lathu lamanjenje, neuron, limagwira ntchito yofunikira pakulumikizana ndi kufalitsa zidziwitso muubongo ndi thupi. Mapangidwe awo apadera kwambiri ndi ntchito yawo amalola kupanga ndi kuyendetsa zizindikiro zamagetsi, komanso kumasulidwa kwa ma neurotransmitters ofunikira kuti atumize ma synaptic kukhala amodzi mwa maselo ovuta kwambiri komanso osiyanasiyana, ma neurons amalola kuti tigwiritse ntchito, kusunga ndi kuyankha ku chidziwitso cha chidziwitso. kuwongolera zochita zaubongo ndi machitidwe athu onse. Pamene tikupititsa patsogolo kumvetsetsa kwathu kwa ma cell amphamvuwa, timayandikira kuvumbulutsa zinsinsi zaubongo wamunthu ndikupanga njira zochizira matenda amisempha ndi matenda a neurodegenerative. ⁢Kufufuza kopitilira mu gawoli ndikofunikira ⁤kukweza⁢ moyo wathu wabwino ndikupita ku kumvetsetsa kwathunthu kwa dongosolo lamanjenje lonse.