- Mphamvu yamagetsi ya 5V yamakompyuta nthawi zambiri imayambitsa phokoso; osiyana mphamvu ndi deta kupewa izi.
- Malo okhala ndi mphamvu nthawi zonse samapatula 5V kuchokera kwa wolandila; tsimikizirani kapangidwe kake musanadalire.
- The Y-chingwe ndi USB zodzipatula ndi njira zothandiza kwambiri ndi kubwerezabwereza.
- Zochitika zenizeni zimatsimikizira za matendawa: kudula 5V kuchokera kwa wolandirayo kapena kupatula basi kumathetsa hum.
Mukalumikiza mawonekedwe omvera, ma synth, kapena chida china chilichonse choyimba kudzera pa USB ku kompyuta yanu ndikuyamba kumva phokoso, kuwonekera, kapena kusokonezedwa, ndikukhumudwitsa. Ndilo vuto lofala kwambiri kuposa momwe likuwonekera., ndipo sichisiyanitsa pakati pa ma brand kapena ma ranges: zimachitika kuma interfaces, controller, synthesizers ndi pafupifupi zida zilizonse zomwe zimalandira mphamvu kapena deta kudzera pa USB.
Muzu wa nkhaniyi pafupifupi nthawi zonse umakhala momwe mphamvu ndi deta zimayendera limodzi kudzera pa chingwe cha USB. Mu chingwe chomwecho, mzere wa 5V (ndi nthaka) umakhala ndi D+ ndi D-, ndipo mphamvu yoperekedwa ndi kompyuta sinapangidwe ndi mawu odalirika kwambiri, koma ndi mbewa, kiyibodi, kukumbukira, ndi zotumphukira zina zosafunika kwenikweni. Ichi ndichifukwa chake phokoso la zochitika zamkati zamakompyuta (CPU, mafani, ma switching converters) ndi zida zina zolumikizidwa zimalowa mkati. Kenako, tiphunzira zonse za Momwe mungachotsere phokoso pamawonekedwe a audio a USB.
Chifukwa chiyani phokoso la USB limawonekera pazida zomvera
Mkati mwa chingwe cha USB chokhazikika muli ma conductor anayi: ofiira (5V), wakuda (pansi), oyera (data-) ndi obiriwira (data+). Chinsinsi ndichoti mzere wa 5V wochokera pakompyuta nthawi zambiri umakhala "wodetsedwa", ndi maphokoso abodza okwera kwambiri obwera chifukwa cha zida zake zokha komanso zotumphukira zake. Dothi ili limalumikizana ndi makina omvera, kutulutsa mawu, mazenera, kapena kusokoneza komwe nthawi zina kumasiyana kutengera kuchuluka kwa purosesa kapena kuthamanga kwa mafani.
Chodabwitsa ichi sichimangokhala mtundu wina uliwonse: posachedwa, ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri amatha kukumana nazo. Chokhumudwitsa kwambiri ndichakuti zimawononga chidziwitso ndi khalidwe., makamaka pojambula, kukhala ndi moyo kapena malo owonetsetsa ovuta kumene hum sakuvomerezedwanso.
Kuonjezera apo, pali chinthu chowonjezera: phokoso lina limawonjezeka pokhudza mbali zachitsulo, zingwe, kapena pansi, malingana ndi momwe anthu ambiri amatchulidwira. Ngati dongosolo "lizindikira" thupi lanu, likhoza kusinthasintha mlingo wa chinyezi., chinachake chomwe chimagwirizana ndi 50/60 Hz ndi ma harmonics ake pamene pali malupu apansi kapena kusiyana pakati pa zipangizo.
Monga ngati izo sizinali zokwanira, zingwe zina zimaphatikizapo mphete za ferrite monga muyezo ndipo sizichita zozizwitsa: Ferrites amathandizira kusokoneza kwakukulu, koma sangachite pang'ono kuthana ndi kutsika kwafupipafupi komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha magetsi/malo. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale amathandizira, nthawi zambiri sathetsa milanduyi paokha.
Chifukwa chiyani malo opangira magetsi samathetsa vutoli nthawi zonse
Zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri ndizophatikizana USB hub yokhala ndi mphamvu yakeyakeNdizomveka kuganiza za izi: ngati hub "imapereka" mphamvu, mwinamwake phokoso la kompyuta lidzasiya kubwera. Vuto ndilakuti ma hubs ambiri amalepheretsa mphamvu ya wolandirayo kudutsa. ndi ena onse a basi, kotero kuti "zonyansa" 5V ikadalipo ndipo phokoso likupitirirabe.
Kodi izi zikutanthauza kuti malo okhala ndi magetsi sagwira ntchito? Osati kwenikweni. Ngati muli nawo kale, yesani chifukwa nthawi zina zimathandiza, koma ndi bwino kuti musamachite zinthu mopepuka. Zitsanzo zambiri sizimalekanitsa magetsi kuchokera kwa wolandirayo, ndipo ngakhale ali ndi magetsi akunja, samadula njira yomwe phokoso lingalowetse.
Yankho la Y-chingwe: kulekanitsa deta ndi mphamvu
Njira yowongoka kwambiri ndikulekanitsa mphamvu ndi data, kotero kuti kompyuta "imangolankhula" ku chipangizocho, koma osachipatsa mphamvu. Izi zimatheka ndi chingwe cha Y-chokonzekera audio cha USB., ndi zolumikizira zitatu: imodzi imapita ku kompyuta (deta yopanda 5V), ina ku gwero lamphamvu (PWR) ndi yachitatu ku mawonekedwe / synth yanu.
M'zingwezi, chizindikiro chopita ku kompyuta chiyenera kunyamula D+ ndi D- (zobiriwira ndi zoyera), kusiya waya wofiira wa 5V wotsekedwa. Yang'anani zolemba: nthawi zambiri zimawonetsa "PC" ndi "PWR" kusiyanitsa zomwe zimapita mbali iliyonse. Sizinthu zonse zolumikizira zamtundu wa Y pamsika zomwe zili zoyenera: zambiri zimapangidwira ntchito zina ndikusunga mphamvu zolumikizidwa pomwe siziyenera kukhala.
Ngati muli ndi Y ndipo simukuwona kusintha, pali mayeso omveka bwino: Dulani waya wofiira pagawo lomwe limapita ku kompyutaPochotsa 5V kuchokera kwa wolandirayo, mumawonetsetsa kuti chipangizocho sichimayendetsedwa ndi doko, ndikuchotsa njira yaphokosoyo. Kuyambira pamenepo, inu mphamvu chipangizo ku gwero osiyana.
Momwe mungapangire chingwe chanu (DIY) sitepe ndi sitepe
Ngati ndinu wokonda DIY, mutha kusintha chingwe cha USB chachimuna/ chachikazi kukhala chingwe cha data chopanda mphamvu pakompyuta yanu, ndikuwonjezeranso zowonjezera kuti muyike 5V yoyera mu chipangizocho. Ubwino wa DIY ndikuti mumasankha zolumikizira ndi utali womwe mumakonda., ndipo mumadziwa bwino zomwe zili zogwirizana ndi zomwe sizili.
Mukatsegula chingwecho, mudzawona mauna a mawaya ndi zojambula zachitsulo. Onse amateteza. Mkati, mupeza ma conductor anayi ofunika: ofiira (5V), wakuda (nthaka), oyera (D-), ndi obiriwira (D+). Ntchitoyi imakhala ndi "kuswa" 5V mu gawo lopita ku kompyuta: Osagwirizanitsa zofiira kumbali imeneyo, ndipo lolani kuti deta idutse.
Kuti musunge mawaya anu okhazikika, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito chingwe cholumikizira chotsika mtengo. Ndi lumo ndi tepi yotetezera muli ndi zokwaniraChotsani chivundikirocho mosamala, patulani mauna ndi zojambulazo, zindikirani mawaya, ndipo dulani waya wofiyira pomwe wakhudza. Ikani malekezero bwino kuti palibe chomwe chimawululidwa kapena chomwe chingakhudzidwe.
Ndipo misa (yakuda)? Pali ma nuances apa. Kutumiza kwa USB ndikoyenerana kwa data, koma maziko ndizomwe zimatchulidwaNthawi zambiri, ndi bwino kusunga. Ngati lupu likupitilirabe kapena phokoso silikutha, mutha kuyesa kusalumikiza chingwe chakuda ku kompyuta ngati "kukweza pansi" (chofanana ndi chomwe chimapezeka pamabokosi ambiri a DI). Komabe, pokhapokha ngati kuli kofunikira, nthawi zambiri ndi bwino kusunga zomwe timagwirizana.
Kompyutayo ikasiya kuperekanso 5V, kompyutayo idzafunika mphamvu kuchokera kwinakwake. Apa ndipamene cholumikizira chachitatu cha Y chimalowa.: Lumikizani 0V ndi 5V kuchokera kumagetsi akunja kupita ku mawaya akuda ndi ofiira a gawo lotsogolera ku chipangizocho. Mutha cannibalize chingwe cha USB kuti mupeze cholumikizira chachimuna chomwe chimapita kumagetsi ndikuchiphatikizira / kugulitsa ngati kuli koyenera.
Soldering kapena kupindika mawaya? Soldering ndi bwino, koma ngati simukudziwa, kukulunga bwino ndi wosanjikiza wowolowa manja wa tepi insulating akhoza kukuchotsani pamalo olimba. Onetsetsani kuti zitsulozo ndi zolimba, makamaka zotetezedwa ndi kutentha pang'ono, komanso kuti musasonyeze zazifupi kapena zowonongeka kwambiri.
Zingwe zamalonda ndi misampha wamba pozigula
Opanga ena amaphatikizapo zingwe za "deta kumbali imodzi, mphamvu pa inayo" ndi katundu wawo, ndipo palinso zosankha m'masitolo ndi m'misika. Chopunthwitsa chachikulu ndi chakuti kufotokozera nthawi zambiri sikumveka bwino., ndipo gawo labwino la ma Y pamsika amasunga 5V pamanja onse chifukwa cholinga chawo ndi "kuwerengera" pakali pano, osati kulekanitsa.
Pogula, yang'anani zomwe zikusonyeza kuti mbali imodzi, yomwe ikupita kwa mwiniwakeyo, ilibe mphamvu. Ngati muwona kuti "wolandila" amalembedwa kuti ndi data-yekha kapena "palibe mphamvu," ndicho chizindikiro chabwino.Ngakhale zili choncho, fufuzani mosamala, chifukwa zomwe wogulitsa amapereka sizimagwirizana ndi zomwe mumalandira.
Vuto linanso lodziwika bwino ndikupeza chinthu chomwe chimakhala choyambira osati chingwe. A hub amawonjezera malingaliro ndi kuyanjana pakati: Izi zitha kugwira ntchito, koma mawonekedwe anu / ma synth sangagwire ntchito kudzera pa hub ndipo amafuna wolandila mwachindunji (makamaka ndi zida zambiri zomvera / MIDI). Ndipo ngati imagwiritsa ntchito cholumikizira cha foni yam'manja kumbali ya "host", sizingagwire ntchito ndi kompyuta yanu.
USB isolator: njira ina yabwino yokhala ndi chitetezo chowonjezera
Kuphatikiza pa Y-chingwe, pali yankho lothandiza kwambiri: USB isolator. Amakhala ngati chotchinga cha galvanic pakati pa kompyuta ndi chipangizocho., kudula njira yaphokoso ndipo, potero, kupereka chitetezo ku mafunde amagetsi ndi zoopsa zina zamagetsi.
Kwa zaka zambiri anali okwera mtengo, koma mitengo yatsika kwambiri. Pali zitsanzo zamitundu yosiyanasiyana; imodzi yolimbikitsidwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito ndi yochokera ku Olimex., yomwe idachokera ku € 60 kupita kumitengo yotsika mtengo kwambiri. Ngati mukufuna kupewa DIY kapena mukufuna kutsekereza kwathunthu, chodzipatula nthawi zambiri chimakhala kubetcha kotetezeka.
Zochitika zenizeni: zomwe amatiphunzitsa komanso momwe tingayandikire matenda
Chitsanzo 1: Focusrite Scarlett 2i2 USB 2.0 yolumikizidwa kudzera pa USB-C kupita pa laputopu ya Lenovo P-51. Wogwiritsa amawona kumveka bwino kwa 60 Hz, wamphamvu pogwira zingwe komanso poyika phazi lopanda kanthu pa konkireNdi mphasa wa mphira phokoso limatsitsidwa, koma silimatha.
Adayang'ana kale mawaya amkati a gitala (palibe malupu apansi owoneka), adayesa doko la Anker PowerExpand 7-in-1 (palibe chingwe chamagetsi chokhazikika), ndikugwiritsa ntchito iFi iDefender + popanda zotsatira, komanso popanda kuyika mphamvu. Ndizovuta kwambiri kupeza madoko a USB okhala ndi malo enieni komwe amachokera., ndipo izi zimachepetsa mphamvu yake pazochitikazi. Sanayeseponso malo ena aliwonse kapena laputopu, chifukwa chosowa luso lothandizira.
Izi zikusonyeza: ngati kulira kukukulirakulira mukamakhudza zingwe kapena pansi, Pali "malingaliro ang'onoang'ono" ambiri omwe amatchulidwa kapena kusiyana komwe kungathekeChodzipatula cha USB kapena Y-chingwe chomwe chimadula 5V ya wolandirayo (ndi kuyipatsa mphamvu kuchokera paukhondo, ndipo ngati ikuyenera, yokhazikika, gwero) nthawi zambiri imapangitsa kusiyana. Kuyesa njira ina pamagawo ena ndikothandizanso, ngakhale kuti izi sizotheka nthawi zonse kunyumba.
Chitsanzo 2: Behringer Pro 800 yolumikizidwa kudzera pa USB kupita pa PC, pomwe zomvera zimapita ku mawonekedwe a Universal Volt, komanso kudzera pa USB. Kungolumikiza doko la USB la Pro 800, phokoso likuwonekera mu dongosoloZingwe zili kale ndi mphete za ferrite ndipo kuyika mlandu wa PC sikunagwetse singano.
Mlanduwu umagwirizana ndi "zachikale" zogawana mphamvu / phokoso lapansi powonjezera . Mchitidwe womwe ukulimbikitsidwa ndikupatula 5V kuchokera kwa wolandila kupita ku Pro 800 yokhala ndi data-yokha Y ku kompyuta kuphatikiza magetsi osiyana, kapena kulowetsa mwachindunji cholumikizira cha USB. Ferrites sathandiza pang'ono ndi 50/60 Hz hum; ndi kukhazikitsa mlandu wa PC sikuthetsa vutoli nthawi zonse ngati njira yaphokoso ndi basi ya USB yokha.
Mndandanda wa zochita zothandiza (kuyambira zazing'ono mpaka zovuta kwambiri)
Musanadumphe mu DIY, pali dongosolo lomveka la kuyesa. Lingaliro ndilolekanitsa chifukwa ndi khama lochepa lomwe lingatheke. ndipo, pokhapokha ngati sichipereka, pitirizani ku njira zowonjezera "opaleshoni".
- Yesani hub yoyendetsedwa ngati muli nayo kale, podziwa malire ake. Ngati malowa salekanitsa 5V kuchokera kwa wolandirayo, sizingathandize., koma nthawi zina amachepetsa phokoso.
- Ngati muli ndi chipangizo chamtundu wa "defender" cha USB kapena "sefa", chigwiritseni ntchito ndi gwero lamphamvu lakunja lokhazikika pamagetsi ake. Popanda malo enieni zotsatira zake zingakhale zochepa..
- Sinthanitsani madoko ndi zingwe. Madoko ena alibe "phokoso" kuposa ena, ndipo chingwe chosatetezedwa bwino chimapangitsa chilichonse kuipiraipira.
- Ngati n'kotheka, yesani chotulukira china kapena chingwe chamagetsi. Magawo osiyanasiyana amatha kukhala ndi kusiyana kochepa pakati pa mayiko.
- Pewani ma hubs ngati zida zanu zomvera / MIDI sizikugwirizana nazo. Pali zida zomwe zimafuna Direct host ndi kulephera ndi amkhalapakati.
- Ikani chingwe cholondola cha Y: deta ku PC yopanda 5V ndi mphamvu yakunja ku chipangizo. Ndi njira yobwerezabwereza yothandiza kwambiri popanda kulowa galvanic kudzipatula.
- Ganizirani chodzipatula cha USB mukafuna kutulutsa phokoso mumphukira. Imawonjezeranso chitetezo chambiri..
Zambiri zaukadaulo zomwe zimapangitsa kusiyana
Pobaya mphamvu yakunja, gwiritsani ntchito gwero lokhazikika komanso labwino. Machaja am'manja abwino nthawi zambiri amakhala okwanira., koma ndibwino ngati akuchokera kuzinthu zodziwika bwino zosefa bwino. Ngakhale simukufuna gwero lachinsinsi la "audiophile", ndikofunikira kuti lisawonjezere phokoso kuposa momwe limachotsera.
Mukadula waya wofiyira mu Y yanu yopangira kunyumba, lemekezani zotchinga ndi zowonera. Yesani kutenga mauna ndi pepala kuti muphimbenso mfundozo., ndipo musatalikitse magawo a "open air" motalika kwambiri. Malo osawonekera kwambiri amatanthauza kusokoneza kochepa.
Ngati muyesa "kukweza pansi" pa waya wakuda wopita ku kompyuta, chitani mwanzeru. M'makhazikitsidwe ena, kuchotsa zomwe takambiranazi kumatha kukhazika mtima pansi, koma mwa ena amaphwanya maumboni ndi kusokoneza kulankhulana. Ikani patsogolo kusunga unyinji pokhapokha ngati pali umboni wovomerezeka.
Yang'anani zilembo za Y iliyonse yomwe mumagula mosamala kwambiri. Chifukwa chimodzi chimati "PWR" sichitsimikizira kuti mapeto a "PC" alibe 5V.Yang'anani zizindikiro za "data-only," "palibe mphamvu," kapena zofanana; ngati sichoncho, lingalirani kuti 5V ikhoza kukhalapobe.
Zolakwa zenizeni ndi momwe mungapewere
Kukhulupirira kuti ma ferrite onse amakonza 50/60 Hz hum. Ayi: Ferrites ndi afupipafupi kwambiri; zothandiza motsutsana ndi RF, zosagwira ntchito motsutsana ndi mains hum ndi malupu apansi.
Gulani Y-chingwe choyamba ndikuganiza kuti chimalekanitsa mphamvu. Ma Y ambiri adapangidwa kuti azitha kuwerengera madoko awiri., osati kudula mphamvu ya wolandirayo. Yang'anani mapepala a deta kapena gwiritsani ntchito multimeter.
Tangoganizani kuti "mphamvu" hub imapatula 5V. Ambiri amalambalala mphamvu zopezera. Ndi zitsanzo zochepa chabe kapena masinthidwe omwe amaduladi.
Gwiritsani ntchito hub pamene zida zimafuna kuchititsa mwachindunji. Ndi zida zina za audio/MIDI, hub imawonjezera zosagwirizana ndipo si njira yothetsera.
Kukana chowonjezera chilichonse chifukwa "sichinachite kalikonse" popanda kudyetsa / kuziyika bwino. Ngati fyuluta/defender ikufunika mphamvu yolowera pansi ndipo simumupatsa iye, chipinda chake chowongolera.
Zizindikiro kuti muli panjira yoyenera
Ngati, mutatha kudula 5V ku kompyuta ndikuyiyika kuchokera kunja, phokoso likutsika kwambiri, mwazindikira chomwe chimayambitsa. Pamene phokoso limasiyanasiyana pokhudza zingwe kapena pansi ndiyeno zimasowa ndi Y kapena odzipatula, nthawi zambiri zimatsimikiziridwa kuti njira yaphokoso inali USB mphamvu / nthaka.
Ngati mutha kuletsa makina osakhudza china chilichonse ndi cholumikizira cha USB, mwagundanso msomali pamutu. Zipangizozi zimagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri pamene vuto likugwiritsidwa ntchito pansi. kapena kugwirizana ndi basi.
Ngati malo opangira magetsi sasintha chilichonse kapena kupangitsa zinthu kukhala zovuta, musadabwe. Sichida choyenera kudula 5V kuchokera kwa wolandirayo., ndichifukwa chake chingwe cha Y ndi chodzipatula zimawonekera.
Mafunso achidule
Kodi charger iliyonse yam'manja yam'manja imatha kuyatsa Y-terminal? Nthawi zambiri, inde, ngati ikupereka 5V yokhazikika komanso mA yokwanira. Bwino mtundu wodalirika wokhala ndi zosefera zabwino kuti asabweretsenso phokoso.
Kodi ndingagwiritse ntchito adaputala ya Y yogulidwa pa data-pokha ngati chipangizo changa chimagwiritsanso ntchito mphamvu ya USB? Inde, bola mulowetsa 5V kudzera pa cholumikizira cha PWR. Popanda mphamvu yowonjezera imeneyo, chipangizochi sichikhoza kuyatsa. kapena kulumikiza.
Kodi ndimazindikira bwanji kuti ndi njira iti yomwe ikundilepheretsa kuchotsa USB drive "ikugwiritsidwa ntchito" ngakhale palibe chotseguka? Tikukuuzani zonse mu ulalo uwu.
Kodi Y yomwe "imawerengera" pakali pano kuchokera ku madoko awiri ndiyabwino? Osati za izi. Awo ma Y amapereka ma amps ochulukirapo, koma samadula 5V kuchokera kwa wolandirayo., zomwe ndizomwe muyenera kuzipewa.
Kodi chodzipatula cha USB ndi chowopsa? Zitsanzo zabwino ndizotetezeka komanso zimaphatikizapo chitetezo cha opaleshoni. Onani zochulukira ndi malire apano kuonetsetsa kuti ikuphimba zida zanu.
Bwanji nditamvabe phokoso pambuyo pa zonsezi? Onetsetsani kuti palibe njira zina zomvera za analogi (jack, XLR, etc.). Nthawi zina lupu limakhala pamalumikizidwe a analogi, osati pa USB chabe. Mabokosi a DI okhala ndi zokweza pansi atha kuthandiza m'malo amenewo.
Ngati mwakwanitsa mpaka pano, mudziwa kale chifukwa chake phokoso limalowa mu zida zomvera za USB, chifukwa chiyani malo opangira magetsi si njira yothetsera vutoli, komanso momwe mungalekanitsire "mphamvu" kuchokera ku "data" ndi Y-chingwe kapena kuzichotsa palimodzi ndi USB isolator. Milandu ya Focusrite Scarlett 2i2 pa Lenovo P-51 ndi Behringer Pro 800 yokhala ndi Universal Volt perekani bwino vutolo ndikutsimikizira kuti kudula 5V kapena kupatula basi ndimayendedwe omwe amasintha masewerawo.
Wokonda ukadaulo kuyambira ali mwana. Ndimakonda kukhala wodziwa zambiri m'gawoli ndipo, koposa zonse, kulumikizana nazo. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndakhala ndikudzipereka kwa kuyankhulana pa teknoloji ndi mawebusaiti a masewera a kanema kwa zaka zambiri. Mutha kundipeza ndikulemba za Android, Windows, MacOS, iOS, Nintendo kapena mutu wina uliwonse womwe umabwera m'maganizo.