Kodi AHCI mode ndi momwe mungayambitsire popanda kuphwanya Windows

Al entrar en la BIOS/UEFI, aparece una serie de opciones (IDE, AHCI o RAID) para los puertos SATA. Muchos usuarios ignoran su significado y su utilidad. Sin embargo, la elección correcta puede marcar una diferencia notable en el rendimiento y en la estabilidad del sistema, sobre todo si usas SSD. En este artículo repasaremos el AHCI mode: chomwe chiri komanso momwe mungayambitsire.

Tifotokozanso zothandiza zake komanso momwe zimasiyana ndi zosankha za IDE ndi RAID. Tidzafotokozanso kuti ndi makina ati ogwiritsira ntchito omwe amathandizira, nthawi yomwe ikuyenera kuyiyambitsa, ndi zoopsa zotani zomwe zingachitike posintha.

Kodi AHCI mode ndi chiyani ndipo imagwira ntchito bwanji?

AHCI mode, chidule cha Advanced Host Controller InterfaceNdilo ndondomeko yopangidwa ndi Intel yomwe imatanthawuza momwe makina ogwiritsira ntchito amalankhulirana ndi SATA imayendetsa (ma hard drive ndi ma SSD okhala ndi cholumikizira cha Serial ATA). Si mtundu wa galimoto yokha, koma njira yoyendetsera SATA yophatikizidwa mu boardboard.

Mukatsegula AHCI mu BIOS/UEFI, makinawo amatha kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapamwamba za SATA zomwe sizipezeka mumayendedwe a IDE. Zina mwa izi ndi ... mzere wamalamulo wamba (NCQ), kusinthana kotentha komanso kusamalira bwino zopempha zowerenga ndi kulemba.

Ngakhale AHCI idapangidwa ndi Intel, Ndi yogwirizana kwathunthu ndi AMD motherboards. Ndipo imagwira ntchito ndi chipset chamakono chilichonse chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito madoko a SATA. Chofunika si mtundu wa purosesa, koma kuti woyang'anira SATA agwiritse ntchito muyezo wa AHCI ndipo makina ogwiritsira ntchito ali ndi madalaivala oyenera.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti AHCI idapangidwa kuti ikhale ndi zida zokha SATAMa drive a NVMe, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito basi ya PCI Express, amagwiritsa ntchito ma protocol awoawo ndipo sangathe kugwira ntchito mwanjira iyi; AHCI sikugwira ntchito kwa iwo ndipo sizomveka kuwakhazikitsa motere.

Kusiyana pakati pa IDE, AHCI ndi RAID

Musanayambe kusintha zinthu mu BIOS, ndi bwino kumvetsa zimene SATA wolamulira mode amapereka ndi mmene zili zomveka kugwiritsa ntchito imodzi kapena imzake. Mayina atatu omwe mumawawona nthawi zonse ndi awa: IDE, AHCI ndi RAID.

IDE mode: kuyanjana kwa cholowa ndi zosangalatsa zochepa

Njira IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics) Imatsanzira machitidwe amagalimoto akale a PATA/IDE pamadoko amakono a SATA. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikuwonetsetsa kugwirizana ndi machitidwe akale kwambiri opangira omwe samamvetsetsa muyeso wa SATA, monga Windows XP popanda madalaivala owonjezera kapena mitundu yam'mbuyomu.

Pamene wolamulira wa SATA ali mu IDE mode, dongosolo limawona ma disks ngati zipangizo Classic LEGkutaya pafupifupi ubwino wonse wa SATA wamakono. Kuwerenga ndi kulemba nthawi zambiri kumakhala kotsika, ndipo zinthu monga kusinthana kotentha ndi mzere wamalamulo achikhalidwe zimazimitsidwa.

Momwemo, Zapamwamba sizimathandizidwa Amapangidwa kuti apititse patsogolo kupezeka kwa disk, IDE imalola kuti ma drive angapo ang'onoang'ono aziyendetsedwa bwino. IDE ndiyotheratu pamakompyuta amakono ndipo imasungidwa ndi kuyanjana kumbuyo.

AHCI mode: muyezo wamakono wamagalimoto a SATA

Ndi mawonekedwe a AHCI, wowongolera amawulula zonse zamakono za SATA ndikulola opareshoni kuti azigwiritsa ntchito. Izi zikumasulira ku ntchito zapamwamba, kukhazikika kwambiri ndi ntchito zomwe mulibe mu IDE.

Pakati pa ubwino wofunikira kwambiri Mawonekedwe a AHCI akuphatikiza zosintha zingapo za HDD ndi SSD:

• Kuchita bwino powerenga/kulemba poyang'anira bwino zopempha zamakina.
• Native Command Queuing (NCQ), yomwe imakonzanso zopempha zopezera kuti zichepetse kusuntha kwamutu kosafunikira pa HDD.
• Kusintha kotenthakukulolani kuti mulumikize kapena kuletsa ma drive a SATA ndi kompyuta yoyatsidwa, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pamaseva ndi machitidwe a NAS.
• Kupititsa patsogolo scalability, kulola kuwongolera bwino kwa mayunitsi poyerekeza ndi mawonekedwe a IDE.
• Kugwirizana kwachilengedwe ndi ma SATA SSD, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mphamvu zake mkati mwa malire a SATA.
• Zoyambira pazosintha za RAID m'ma BIOS ambiri, popeza RAID mode nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mawonekedwe a AHCI.

Pakompyuta iliyonse yamakono yomwe ili ndi Windows Vista kapena mtsogolo, Linux, kapena macOS, Ndikofunikira kukhala ndi chowongolera cha SATA mumayendedwe a AHCI. pokhapokha ngati pali chifukwa chenicheni chokanira kutero.

RAID mode: sikulowa m'malo mwa AHCI

Njira anaukira RAID mu BIOS nthawi zambiri imayambitsa chisokonezo chifukwa ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri amawona ngati njira ina ya AHCI, pamene muzochita ndizosiyana. RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) ndi dongosolo dongosolo la mayunitsi angapo kuti mupeze magwiridwe antchito ochulukirapo, osafunikira, kapena zonse ziwiri.

Pama boardboard ambiri, RAID mode mkati imaphatikizapo kuthekera kwa AHCI Kuwongolera ma drive a SATA, ndipo pamwamba pake, imawonjezera malingaliro ake a RAID (RAID 0, 1, 5, 10, etc.). Ndicho chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri zimanenedwa kuti RAID mode ili ndi "zonse zomwe AHCI ili nazo ndi zina."

Komabe, kukonza RAID pamakina omwe alipo okha gawo la thupi Sizikupanga nzeru; simungapindule kalikonse ndipo mungosokoneza booting ndi kasamalidwe ka madalaivala. RAID mode ndiyomveka mukayika ma drive ambiri a SATA ndipo cholinga chake ndi kuphatikiza mphamvu zawo kapena kukonza kulolerana kwa zolakwika.

Ponena za NVMe, ma boardards ena amapereka zosankha kuti apange NVMe SSD RAID maguluKomabe, izi zimayendetsedwa kale pa basi ya PCIe ndipo sizigwiritsa ntchito AHCI, koma olamulira ena enieni a RAID a NVMe.

Ubwino weniweni wamachitidwe a AHCI pakugwiritsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku

Udindo wa AHCI sumangoganizira chabe. Pakugwiritsa ntchito kwenikweni, m'makompyuta apanyumba ndi zida zamaluso, zotsatira zake zimawonekera pazinthu zingapo zazikulu zadongosolo. kugwiritsa ntchito komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zamakina.

• NCQ (Native Command Queuing)Izi zimathandiza kuti hard drive ilandire seti ya zopempha zowerenga / kulemba ndikuwachita mwadongosolo labwino kwambiri, kuchepetsa kusuntha kwa mutu.
• Kusinthana kotenthaChifukwa cha AHCI, mutha kulumikiza kapena kulumikiza choyendetsa cha SATA popanda kuzimitsa kompyuta yanu, malinga ngati opareshoni ikuthandizira.
• Kukhazikika kwakukulu ndi kulimba poyerekeza ndi mitundu ya cholowa. Madalaivala amakono a Windows, Linux, ndi macOS adapangidwa ali ndi malingaliro a AHCI, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta zofananira komanso kuwongolera zolakwika pama drive osungira.
• Kugwirizana: Pafupifupi makina onse amakono a PC amamvetsetsa AHCI popanda kusintha kwina kulikonse.

AHCI ndi SSD: amapereka chiyani kwenikweni?

Ndikufika kwa ma SSD, nthawi zambiri zimanenedwa kuti latency yofikira ndiyotsika kwambiri kotero kuti mzere wamalamulo a NCQ umakhala wopanda tanthauzo. Ndizowona kuti SSD ilibe magawo osuntha, chifukwa chake, Sizidalira malo enieni a deta ngati hard drive, koma izi sizikutanthauza AHCI sikupereka kusintha kulikonse.

Pa SSD, kupeza ma adilesi okumbukira sikumawononga ndalama zofanana ndi kulumphira kumaadiresi osasintha. The flash controller akuyenerabe kuyang'anira masamba ndi midadadaNdipo si ntchito zonse zomwe zimakhala ndi mtengo wofanana. Apa ndipamene kukhathamiritsa kwina kwamkati ndi momwe wowongolera amapangira zopempha angapindulenso ndi malingaliro a AHCI.

Chifukwa chake, ngakhale kulumpha pakati pa IDE ndi AHCI mu SATA SSD sikuli kodabwitsa ngati HDD yamakina, mawonekedwe a AHCI akadali. zofunika kuti mupindule nazo Kuthamanga kwa mawonekedwe a SATA (makamaka muzochita zambiri).

Chifukwa chake, njira ya AHCI yakhala yodziwika bwino ma drive a SATA achikhalidwe (2,5 ″ HDD ndi SSD yokhala ndi cholumikizira cha SATA). Zimakhala zofunikira m'makina onse omwe sagwiritsabe ntchito NVMe kapena omwe amaphatikiza mitundu yonse yosungira.

Kugwirizana kwamakina ogwiritsira ntchito ndi AHCI

Musanayambe kukhudza zoikamo SATA mu BIOS, m'pofunika kudziwa ngati Makina ogwiritsa ntchito omwe adayikidwa amathandizira AHCIchifukwa luso la zida kuti liyambe bwino pambuyo pa kusintha kumadalira.

Windows ndi AHCI

Microsoft idayambitsa chithandizo cha AHCI kuyambira Windows VistaIzi zikutanthauza kuti mitundu yonse yamtsogolo (Windows 7, 8, 8.1, 10 ndi 11) imatha kugwira ntchito mwangwiro mumayendedwe a AHCI, malinga ngati madalaivala oyenera athandizidwa panthawi ya boot.

Pankhani ya Windows Vista ndi Windows 7Ngati wolamulira wa SATA adakonzedweratu kuti IDE ikhazikitsidwe, dongosololi silingathe kukweza madalaivala ofunikira a AHCI poyambitsa. Ngati AHCI isinthidwa kukhala BIOS popanda kukonzekera dongosolo, zotsatira zake zimakhala zolakwika. blue screen kapena reboot loop poyambira.

Con Windows 8 ndi 8.1Microsoft idasintha njira yodziwira oyendetsa ndikuwongolera kusinthako pang'ono, koma imalimbikitsidwanso kuchita zoyambira (njira yotetezeka, malamulo a boot, ndi zina) kuti mupewe zolakwika pothandizira AHCI pakuyika komwe kulipo.

En Windows 10 Makina oyendetsa amasintha pang'ono. Dalaivala yemwe amayendetsa AHCI nthawi zambiri amadziwika kuti StorahciNdipo m'pofunika kuonetsetsa kuti utumiki akuyamba molondola ndi kusintha makiyi kaundula (ErrorControl, StartOverride, etc.) musanasinthe kasinthidwe SATA mu BIOS.

M'malo mwake, Windows XP Ndipo mitundu yoyambirira ilibe chithandizo chachilengedwe cha AHCI. Madalaivala enieni atha kuikidwa panthawi yoyika (zolemba za "press F6"), koma makinawa sali othandizidwa ndipo sakuvomerezedwa masiku ano, kotero kuti IDE imasungidwa kwambiri pazifukwa zakale kusiyana ndi zofunikira zenizeni.

Linux, BSD ndi machitidwe ena

M'dziko la GNU/Linux, chithandizo cha AHCI chinayambitsidwa mu mphuno 2.6.19Choncho, kugawa kulikonse kwamakono komwe kumalandira ngakhale kusintha kochepa kudzakhala ndi chithandizo chonse. M'malo mwake, pafupifupi magawo onse amakono amangozindikira mawonekedwe a AHCI osafunikira njira zapadera.

Komanso, machitidwe ena monga OpenBSD (kuyambira ndi mtundu 4.1), FreeBSD, NetBSD y Solaris 10 (kuchokera kumitundu ina) imaphatikizanso owongolera a AHCI, kotero kugwira ntchito mwanjira iyi sikubweretsa vuto.

macOS ndi AHCI

Makina ogwiritsira ntchito a Apple, omwe masiku ano amadziwika kuti macOS (omwe kale anali OS X)Imaperekanso chithandizo chachilengedwe cha AHCI pamakina okhala ndi ma drive a SATA. Kusiyana kwakukulu poyerekeza ndi ma PC ndikuti Mac sawonetsa BIOS/UEFI yachikhalidwe kwa wogwiritsa ntchito kuti asinthe mawonekedwe a SATA.

Pa Macs, kasinthidwe kamene kachitidwe kameneka kamalankhulirana ndi zosungirako zosungirako zimayendetsedwa mu a kuwonekera kudzera pa macOS yokha, osafunikira kulowetsa mindandanda yazakudya za firmware kapena kusintha mawonekedwe owongolera pamanja.

Kodi ndizomveka liti kuyambitsa kapena kuletsa AHCI?

Funso lofunikira kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri ndiloti Ndikoyenera yambitsa AHCI mode pa kompyuta yanu ndi momwe mungasiyire mu IDE kapena RAID. Yankho, nthawi zambiri, limakhala lomveka bwino.

Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito opareshoni yofanana kapena mochedwa kuposa Windows Vista (kuphatikiza Windows 10 ndi 11), kugawa kwaposachedwa kwa Linux kapena macOS, ndipo ma drive anu akulu ndi ma disks a SATA, malingaliro ndi Gwiritsani ntchito AHCI nthawi zonseMawonekedwe a IDE alibe mwayi paziwonetserozi ndipo, kwenikweni, amachepetsa magwiridwe antchito ndi zomwe zilipo.

Ndizomveka kusunga mawonekedwe a IDE mukamagwiritsa ntchito a makina opangira akale opanda thandizo la AHCImonga Windows XP yopanda madalaivala enieni kapena mapulogalamu apadera omwe sagwira ntchito moyenera ndi owongolera amakono a AHCI. Milandu imeneyi ikuchulukirachulukirachulukira masiku ano.

Chinthu china chomwe sichiyenera kukhala ndi AHCI kuyatsa ndi pomwe kompyuta siyikugwiritsa ntchito palibe SATA driveMwachitsanzo, ngati ma drive anu onse ndi ma NVMe SSD, mawonekedwe a AHCI a SATA controller amakhala opanda ntchito, popeza ma drive amenewo amagwira ntchito pa PCIe ndi protocol ya NVMe ndipo samatengera zoikamo za BIOS SATA.

Pakhoza kukhalanso ogwiritsa ntchito omwe akufuna kuletsa AHCI Pazifukwa zenizeni: kuyesa ndi zida zakale, kutengera machitidwe akale, kapena kuyanjana ndi owongolera ena. Pazifukwa izi, kuletsa AHCI kumachitika potsatira njira zomwezo ngati kusintha kosinthika, koma kusankha IDE mu BIOS m'malo mwa AHCI.

Momwe mungathandizire AHCI mu Windows popanda kuyikanso

Ngati muli ndi Windows yoyika kale ndi wowongolera mu IDE mode ndipo mukufuna kusintha AHCI popanda kupangaMuyenera kutsatira njira zingapo zoyambira kuti muwonetsetse kuti makinawo amanyamula madalaivala oyenera poyambira. Njirayi imasiyanasiyana pang'ono kutengera mtundu wa Windows.

Yambitsani AHCI mu Windows 7 ndi Windows Vista pogwiritsa ntchito registry

Mu Windows Vista ndi Windows 7, njira yachikale imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito Registry Editor (regedit) kuwuza dongosolo kuti liyambitse wolamulira wa AHCI m'malo mwa wolamulira wa IDE poyambitsanso.

El njira zonse ndi:

1. Tsekani mapulogalamu onse ndikutsegula zenera la "Run". Windows kiyi + R.
2. Lembani regedit ndikudina Chabwino. Ngati zenera la Ulalo wa Akaunti ya Wogwiritsa likuwoneka, tsimikizirani kuti ikuyenda ngati woyang'anira.
3. Yendani m'makiyi mpaka mutafika: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE → SYSTEM → CurrentControlSet → Services → msahci.
4. Kumanja gulu, pezani mtengo wotchedwa Start ndikusintha kukhala 0 (ngati sichoncho; nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mtengo wa 3).
5. Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito chowongolera cha Intel kapena mtundu wina wa RAID, pezaninso kiyi yofananira (iaStor kapena iaStorV) pansi pa Ntchito ndikukhazikitsanso mtengo Woyambira ku 0.
6. Tsekani mkonzi wa registry ndikuyambitsanso kompyuta yanu polowa BIOS/UEFI.
7. Muzowonjezera BIOS menyu, kusintha Njira ya SATA kuchokera ku IDE kupita ku AHCI kapena RAID kutengera zomwe mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito.
8. Sungani zosinthazo ndipo mulole Windows iyambe bwino; makinawo adzakhazikitsa madalaivala atsopano ndikufunsa disk yoyendetsa galimoto kapena intaneti ngati kuli kofunikira.

Ngati zonse zachitika molondola, Windows adzatsegula popanda zowonetsera buluu ndipo mudzakhala mukugwira nawo ntchito. AHCI mode yayatsidwa kwa ma drive anu a SATA.

Yambitsani AHCI mu Windows 8 ndi 8.1 pogwiritsa ntchito njira yotetezeka

Mu Windows 8 ndi 8.1 ndizofala kugwiritsa ntchito chinyengo cha yambitsani mu mode otetezeka kotero kuti dongosolo limanyamula madalaivala ochepa ndikuwona kusintha kwa SATA popanda mavuto.

ndi masitepe achidule Izi ndi izi:

1. Tsegulani zenera la Command Prompt ngati woyang'anira (dinani kumanja → Thamangani ngati woyang'anira).
2. Lembani lamulo ili ndikusindikiza Enter: bcdedit / set {current} safeboot yochepa.
3. Yambitsaninso dongosolo lanu ndikulowetsa BIOS/UEFI ya bokosi lanu (nthawi zambiri ndi F2, Chotsani kapena zofananira mukayatsa).
4. Pezani zoikamo za doko la SATA ndikusintha mawonekedwe AHCI.
5. Sungani zosinthazo ndikulola kuti kompyuta iyambe; Windows idzachita izi. otetezeka ndipo idzazindikira madalaivala atsopano a SATA, kuwayika kumbuyo.
6. Tsegulaninso Command Prompt ngati woyang'anira.
7. Thamangani lamulo ili kuti mubwezeretse zoyambira: bcdedit / Delevalue {current} safeboot.
8. Yambitsaninso ndipo nthawi ino Windows iyenera kuyamba mwachizolowezi ndi AHCI yogwira ntchito.

Yambitsani AHCI mkati Windows 10 posintha storahci

In Windows 10, dalaivala yemwe amayendetsa AHCI mode nthawi zambiri amatchedwa StorahciNdipo kuti dongosolo jombo bwino pambuyo kusintha BIOS, m'pofunika kusintha mfundo ziwiri mu kaundula.

El analimbikitsa ndondomeko Zingakhale izi:

1. Tsegulani mkonzi wa registry ndi regedit (monga Windows 7, ndi Windows Key + R ndi kulemba regedit).
2. Pitani kunjira HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE → SYSTEM → CurrentControlSet → Services → storahci.
3. Pagawo lakumanja, yang'anani mtengo wake ErrorControlDinani kawiri ndikusintha mtengo wake kuchokera pa 3 kupita 0.
4. Mu storahci, pezani subkey StartOverride ndi kusankha.
5. Pagawo lakumanja muwona cholowera, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimatchedwa 0. Sinthani mtengo wake ndikuyiyika 0 (m'malo mwa 3).
6. Tsekani mkonzi wa registry ndikuyambitsanso kompyuta yanu polowa BIOS/UEFI.
7. Sinthani fayilo ya SATA mpaka AHCI mode mu menyu yosungirako.
8. Sungani ndikuyambitsanso. Windows 10 iyenera tsopano kuyamba ndi dalaivala wa storrahci yogwira ntchito ndi AHCI mode ntchito.

Ngati ndondomeko ikuchitika molondola, sikudzakhala kofunikira kuyikanso Windows ndipo mudzatha kugwiritsa ntchito mwayi wa AHCI pamayendedwe anu a SATA ndi SSD popanda kutaya deta.

Momwe mungaletsere AHCI ndikubwerera ku IDE

Ngakhale sichizolowezi, mutha kukhala ndi chidwi nazo nthawi zina. kuletsa AHCI mode ndi kubwerera ku IDE, mwachitsanzo kuyesa makina ogwiritsira ntchito akale kwambiri, kuthetsa vuto linalake logwirizana, kapena kuyesa ndi hardware ya cholowa.

Njira yosinthira kuchoka ku AHCI kupita ku IDE ndi yofanana ndi kubwereranso, makamaka pamakina omwe amagwiritsa ntchito chinyengo cha ... otetezeka mode ndi bcdedit:

• Pezani Command Prompt monga woyang'anira ndikuyendetsa bcdedit / set {current} safeboot yochepa.
• Yambitsaninso kuti mulowe munjira yotetezeka.
• Poyambitsa, lowetsani BIOS / UEFI pogwiritsa ntchito kiyi yofanana.
• Pezani makonda a SATA muzosungirako ndikusintha mawonekedwe kuti AHCI kuti IDE.
• Sungani zosinthazo ndikusiya dongosolo kuti liyambire mumayendedwe otetezeka.
• Tsegulaninso lamulo lachidziwitso monga woyang'anira ndikuthamanga bcdedit / Delevalue {current} safeboot.
• Yambitsaninso komaliza kuti Windows iyambire mumayendedwe wamba ndi wowongolera ali kale mu IDE.

M'machitidwe amakono omwe ali ndi zida zamakono, ndizachilendo kuti mulibe chosowa chenicheni kugwiritsa ntchito IDE, koma ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti pali njira yobwerera komanso kuti muyenera kutsatira njira yofananira kuti mupewe zolakwika za boot.

Zikuwonekeratu kuti mawonekedwe a AHCI akhala ndipo akupitilizabe kukhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakusinthika kosungirako kochokera ku SATA. Ngakhale lero ma NVMe SSD ndi NVMe protocol amatenga gawo lofunikira pakuthamanga, pazida zikwizikwi zapanyumba ndi zaukadaulo Magalimoto a SATA amakhalabe okhazikika, ndipo kukhala ndi wowongolera munjira yoyenera kumapangitsa kusiyana pakati pa dongosolo laulesi ndi lomwe ndi lothamanga, lokhazikika, komanso lokonzeka kupindula kwambiri ndi zosungira zake.