Ngati kiyibodi yanu sikugwira ntchito mu VirtualBox: kalozera wazoyambitsa ndi mayankho

Kiyibodi ikasiya kuyankha mwadzidzidzi mkati mwa makina enieni, kumverera kumakhala kotseka kwathunthu: simungathe kulowa, mbewa siigwira ntchito, ndipo mutatha kuyesa kwakanthawi, zikuwoneka kuti VM imaundana. Izi ndizofala kwambiri kuposa momwe zimawonekera mu VirtualBoxmakamaka ndi kuphatikiza kwa hardware, wolandira ndi alendo OS, ndi masanjidwe ena kiyibodi.

M'nkhaniyi mupeza kuwunika kwathunthu kwazomwe zimayambitsa ndi kukonza kutengera milandu monga Windows 10 wokhala ndi Oracle VirtualBox 6.1 ndi mlendo wa Kali Linux yemwe adagwira ntchito bwino pa boot yoyamba koma, atatseka ndikuyambiranso, Kiyibodi kapena mbewa sizinayankhe, ndipo posakhalitsa VM idazizira.Tiwonanso mutu wanthawi zonse wokhala ndi kiyi ya Ctrl mu Debian komanso zovuta zakumbuyo pamakiyibodi aku Germany (AltGr + ß) mkati mwa Linux, komanso vuto lachikale: dziko la Num Lock silikugwirizana pakati pa wolandira ndi mlendo. Tiyeni tiphunzire zonse za izo. Ngati kiyibodi yanu sikugwira ntchito mu VirtualBox, nayi njira zokonzera.

Choyamba: kumvetsetsa nkhani ndi zizindikiro

Pali zovuta zambiri zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa zenizeni: imodzi mwa izo ndi Windows 10 host ndi VirtualBox 6.1.22 r144080 ndi Mlendo wa Kali Linux wopanda Zowonjezera Alendo kapena Zowonjezera ZowonjezeraPambuyo poitanitsa VM ndikuyiyambitsa, zonse zinali bwino; koma pambuyo pa kutsekedwa koyamba, poyambitsanso, kiyibodi sichilemba, mbewa sichisuntha, ndipo patapita mphindi zochepa, makina enieni amaundana.

M'malo omwewo, zosintha za kukumbukira kwa RAM ndi makanema zidasinthidwa, zosankha zolowetsa zidasinthidwa, ndipo zosefera za USB zidachotsedwa ndikuwonjezedwa, osapambana. AMD-V idathandizidwa (ngati mukufuna chitsogozo cha yambitsani virtualization pa PC yanga) ndipo panalibe chizindikiro cha Hyper-V. Mofananamo, panali kukayikira ndi kiyi ya Host (yomwe ili mu VirtualBox yomwe imalowa m'malo ophatikizika ngati Ctrl+Alt) komanso momwe mungalembere backslash \ mumlendo wa Kali pogwiritsa ntchito masanjidwe aku Germany (wogwiritsa adayesa Ctrl+Alt+ß, Host+ß ndi mitundu yonse ya kuphatikiza).

Kutsogolo kwina, ogwiritsa ntchito omwe ali ndi mlendo wa Debian Squeeze akuthamanga pa Wheezy host host adanenanso Kiyi ya Ctrl sinagwire ntchito mkati mwa mlendo.Mwachitsanzo, mu nano, kukanikiza ^X kungasonyeze "x" wamba pa sikirini. Zosiyanasiyana monga kugwiritsa ntchito Ctrl kumanzere kapena kumanja ndikusintha kiyi ya Host ku kiyi ya logo yakumanja, yokhala ndi masanjidwe a kiyibodi mu Chingerezi (USA), adayesedwa, koma cholakwikacho chidapitilira magawo ena.

Onani zoyambira: kujambula makiyi, makiyi olandila, ndi mikangano

VirtualBox ili ndi njira yotchedwa "Auto Capture keyboard". Ngati ili yolephereka, kiyibodi ikhoza kukhalabe pagulu ndi ziwawa sizifika kwa mlendoPitani ku Fayilo> Zokonda> Lowetsani ndikutsimikizira kuti kujambula kokha ndikoyatsidwa. Komanso, onani ngati malire a zenera la VM akuwonetsa kuti cholinga chake chili mkati.

Chinsinsi cha Host (mwachikhazikitso, Right Ctrl) ndichofunika. Ngati mudasintha kukhala AltGr (Kumanja Alt) kapena ku kiyi yomwe mukufuna mkati mwa mlendo (mwachitsanzo, kulemba "\" m'Chijeremani ndi AltGr+ß), mudzakhala ndi mavuto chifukwa VirtualBox imatanthauzira kiyiyo ngati kiyi ya Host. Pewani kusanja AltGr ngati kiyi yolandila.Gwiritsani ntchito kiyi yakumanja ya Ctrl kapena kumanja, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti VirtualBox sikubera makiyi omwe mlendo amafunikira.

Cheke china chomwe chikuwoneka chodziwikiratu koma chothandiza: yesani Kumanzere Ctrl ndi kumanja CtrlPali zochitika zolembedwa pomwe m'modzi mwa awiriwa amayankha ndipo winayo samayankha, chifukwa cha momwe alendo amapangira mapu kapena momwe pulogalamu inayake (nano, X kapena console) ikuwerengera zochitika za kiyibodi.

Num Lock kunja kwa kulunzanitsa pakati pa wolandira ndi mlendo

Pali mbiri yakale mu VirtualBox momwe dziko la Num Lock likhoza "kusinthidwa" pakati pa wolandira ndi mlendo: ikayatsidwa pa wolandirayo, Zikuwoneka ngati zolephereka mu VMndi mosemphanitsa. Izi zimapangitsa kuti kiyibodi ya manambala ikhale ngati mivi yolowera mbali imodzi ikugwira ntchito ngati manambala mbali inayo.

Yankho lake ndikukakamiza VirtualBox kusiya kulumikiza ma LED a kiyibodi ndi mlendo. Pa Windows, tsegulani lamulo mwachangu monga woyang'anira, yendani kufoda yoyika VirtualBox (nthawi zambiri). "C: \\ Program Files \\ Oracle \\ VirtualBox") ndikuyendetsa lamulo ili, kusintha dzina lenileni la VM yanu:

VBoxManage setextradata "Nombre de la máquina virtual entrecomillado" GUI/HidLedsSync "0"

Izi zikagwiritsidwa ntchito, Num Lock ikayatsidwa pa kompyuta yanu, Zidzakhalanso mwa mlendoNdi njira yofulumira yopewera kusinthasintha kosalekeza pakati pa machitidwe awiriwa. Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito numpad kwambiri, idzakupulumutsirani mavuto ambiri.

Chinsinsi cha backslash mu Linux chokhala ndi kiyibodi yaku Germany: AltGr, Ctrl ndi kiyi ya Host

M'magawidwe ngati Kali ndi kugawa kwa Germany, backslash \ nthawi zambiri imalembedwa ndi AltGr+ßM'malo ambiri a Linux, Ctrl + Alt amatanthauziridwa kuti ndi ofanana ndi AltGr, choncho imagwiranso ntchito. Komabe, ngati mwapereka kiyi yolandila ku AltGr mu VirtualBox, kuphatikiza sikufika kwa mlendo.

Kuti mukonze izi, yang'anani Fayilo> Zokonda> Lowetsani chomwe kiyi yanu ya Host ndi kusankha yomwe siyikusemphana ndi AltGr. Mtengo wokhazikika (Ctrl kumanja) nthawi zambiri umakhala wanzeru kwambiri.Kenako, mkati mwa makina ogwiritsira ntchito alendo, yang'anani mawonekedwe a kiyibodi: ku Kali, mutha kusintha kuchokera pazithunzi kapena ndi setxkbmap. Mwachitsanzo:

setxkbmap de

Ngati simungathe kulemba ma backslash, yesani kusiyana kwa mapu a "German (nodeadkeys)" pazosankha zapakompyuta yanu. Kupewa makiyi akufa kumathandiza kuti AltGr ikhale yolunjikaNdipo kumbukirani: musagwiritse ntchito kuphatikiza ndi kiyi ya Host kuti mulembe; kiyi ya Host ndi yachidule cha VirtualBox, osati cha mlendo.

Pamene Ctrl sichigwira ntchito mu Debian kapena nano imanyalanyaza njira zazifupi

Mfundo yakuti mu nano, mukasindikiza ^X, "x" imawonekera m'malo motseka, imasonyeza zimenezo Ctrl sichikudziwika ngati chosinthaIzi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha mapu olakwika a kiyibodi, ndi X wosanjikiza yemwe satenga chosinthira, kapena kutsutsana ndi kiyi ya Host.

Malingaliro othandiza otengera zochitika zenizeni ndi mlendo wa Debian Squeeze pa Wheezy host: onetsetsani kuti mapu a alendo ndi olondola ("ife" ngati kiyibodi yanu ili USA) yokhala ndi "dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration" kapena "localectl" pamakina atsopano. Sinthani kiyi ya Host kukhala kiyi ina osati Ctrl Ngakhale AltGr, mwachitsanzo, kapena kiyi ya logo yoyenera. Ndipo yesani njira zazifupi zonse mu cholumikizira choyera (TTY) komanso mkati mwa X kuti muchepetse vutoli.

Ikangokanika pazithunzi zinazake, yesani ina (mwachitsanzo, sinthani malo osasinthika ndi xterm kapena gnome-terminal) kuti muwone ngati ndi njira yachidule yojambulira. Ena emulators amasokoneza kuphatikiza ndipo amafuna kuwalepheretsa pazokonda zawo.

Zokonda pa VirtualBox zomwe zimakhudza kiyibodi ndi mbewa

M'makonzedwe a VM, pansi pa System> Motherboard, yang'anani chipangizo cholozera: "PS/2 Mouse", "USB Tablet" kapena "USB Multi-Touch Tablet". Kwa alendo ambiri a Linux, USB Tablet imathandizira kuphatikiza kwa pointer.Ngati muwona mbewa ikuundana, sinthani pakati pa zosankhazo ndikuwunika.

Mu System> Purosesa, pewani kuloleza mathamangitsidwe ochulukirapo kuposa momwe angafunikire ngati mukukumana ndi ngozi pakapita mphindi zochepa. Ngakhale AMD-V itathandizidwa, Simufunikanso kukhudza nesting kapena patsogolo paravirtualization. Kuti kiyibodi igwire ntchito, yang'anani pagawo la Input.

Pa USB, chotsani zosefera zomwe simugwiritsa ntchito. Zosefera za USB zosinthidwa molakwika zimatha... Jambulani kiyibodi yeniyeni kapena mbewa kunja kwa wolandiraIzi zimakusiyani opanda mphamvu mu Windows pomwe VM ikuyesera "kuigwira". Ngati mukufuna USB 2.0 / 3.0 mlendo, yikani Paketi Yowonjezera yofanana ndi VirtualBox yanu, chifukwa popanda izo, chithandizo chapamwamba cha USB sichingagwire ntchito bwino. Kuti muwunikenso kasinthidwe ka VM, gwiritsani ntchito zosankha zomwe zili mu mawonekedwe a VirtualBox.

Zowonjezera Alendo ndi Paketi Yowonjezera: Zimapanga kusiyana liti?

Kusakhala ndi Zowonjezera Alendo kapena Zowonjezera Host (Paketi Yowonjezera) sikulepheretsa kiyibodi yoyambira kugwira ntchito, koma Kuphatikiza kumawongoleredwa kwambiri ndi Zowonjezera Za alendoKwa Kali kapena Debian, ikani mitu ya kernel ndikuphatikiza ma module:

sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y build-essential dkms linux-headers-$(uname -r)
sudo sh /media/<usuario>/VBox_GAs_*/VBoxLinuxAdditions.run

Mukayambiranso, kulumikizana kwa mbewa ndi clipboard nthawi zambiri kumachita bwino. Zowonjezera za alendo sizikonza kiyi yosankhidwa molakwikaKomabe, amaletsa zolakwika zolowera ndikufulumizitsa mawonekedwe azithunzi, zomwe nthawi zina zidapangitsa kuwonongeka kowonekera. Ngati mukufuna malangizo enieni a sinthani VirtualBox Guest Additions Funsani kalozera woyenera.

Ponena za Paketi Yowonjezera: yikani pa wolandirayo pokhapokha ngati mukuyifuna USB 2.0/3.0, VRDP kapena PXE ya Intel. Fananizani mtundu ndendende (monga 6.1.22 r144080 ndi Extension Pack 6.1.22) kuti mupewe zosagwirizana.

Ngati chirichonse chikusweka mutangoyambanso kuyambiranso: malangizo ndi kukonza

VM ikugwira ntchito pa boot yake yoyamba ndiyeno kulephera nthawi zambiri imasonyeza kusintha komwe kumachitika panthawi yotseka: Kulumikizana kwa LED (Num Lock), kubwezeretsanso kojambula, Zosefera za USB zomwe zimayatsa, kapena cholakwika china mu mtundu wina wa VirtualBox.

Malangizo ogwira mtima pazimenezi (Windows 10 host + Kali guest):
- Letsani kwakanthawi zosefera zonse za USB ndikuyambitsa. Ngati kiyibodi ibweranso, mwapeza wolakwa. ndipo mutha kuyenga zosefera pambuyo pake.
- Sinthani chida cholozera pakati pa PS/2 ndi USB Tablet kuti muwone ngati mbewa ikusiya kuzizira.
- Onetsetsani kuti makiyi ajambulidwa komanso kuti kiyi ya Host si AltGr.
- Ikani zoikamo za Num Lock ndi GUI/HidLedsSync «0» kuti mupewe maiko olowa.
- Sinthani mpaka kugwetsa kwaposachedwa kwa nthambi 6.1 (kapena kupitilira apo) ngati muli pa 6.1.22 r144080; Nsikidzi zambiri zimakonzedwa pakati pa zomanga..

Ngati mukukayikira Hyper-V koma mukukhulupirira kuti sikugwira ntchito, tsimikizirani mu Windows ndi "Yatsani kapena kuzimitsa mawonekedwe a Windows" ndikuchotsa Hyper-V, Windows Hypervisor Platform, ndi WSL2 ngati simukuzifuna. Hyper-V imatha kusokoneza virtualizationNgakhale AMD-V ikugwira ntchito mu BIOS.

Mamapu a kiyibodi ndi masanjidwe pakati pa wolandira ndi mlendo

Ndikofunikira kuti masanjidwe a kiyibodi a mlendo agwirizane ndi mawonekedwe a kiyibodi yanu. Ngati kiyibodi yanu ndi Chijeremani ndipo mlendo akuganiza kuti ndi US, Kubwerera m'mbuyo sikudzakhala komwe mukuyembekezera.Sinthani mu Linux pogwiritsa ntchito zida zazithunzi kapena malamulo:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration
# o
setxkbmap de
# variantes útiles
setxkbmap de nodeadkeys

M'malo ojambulira, yang'ananinso njira ya "Makiyi Akufa" ndikuyimitsa ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito njira zazifupi ndi AltGr. Kujambula bwino kumateteza 80% ya ngozi. ndi zizindikiro monga \, @ kapena | kusintha kumeneku pakati pa magawo.

Njira zazifupi za VirtualBox zomwe zingasokoneze

VirtualBox ili ndi njira zake zazifupi pogwiritsa ntchito kiyi ya Host, mwachitsanzo, ku kumasula cholozera kapena kusintha mawonekedwe chophimbaMukawaphatikizira mosazindikira ndi njira zazifupi za alendo, VirtualBox "ipambana." Muzokonda> Zolowetsa> Njira zazifupi, pendani ndikuletsa njira zazifupi zilizonse zomwe zimasemphana ndi mayendedwe anu, makamaka ngati mumapanga mapulogalamu ambiri kapena kusintha mu terminal.

Zachikale: ngati mupatsa Host+Del ku "Insert Ctrl+Alt+Del", mungayesere kugwiritsa ntchito kuphatikiza komweko mwa mlendo ndikudabwa ndi machitidwe achilendo. Siyani zofunika zokhazo zikugwira ntchito kuchepetsa kukangana.

Kuzindikira mwachangu pang'onopang'ono

Zonse zikakanika, gwiritsani ntchito chithunzi chaching'ono ichi, chomwe chikufotokozera mwachidule zomwe tawona muzochitika zenizeni komanso njira zomwe zidagwira ntchito:
- Kodi zenera la VM likuyang'ana kwambiri ndipo kujambulidwa kwachinsinsi kumagwira ntchito? Ngati sichoncho, yambitsani. Popanda kuganizira, mlendo salandira kalikonse..
- Kodi chinsinsi cha Host AltGr? Sinthani kukhala Ctrl kumanja kapena kiyi ya logo yakumanja.
- Kodi Num Lock yasinthidwa pakati pa alendo ndi alendo? Ikani GUI/HidLedsSync "0".
- Kodi zosefera za USB zikugwira ntchito? Atseguleni ndikuyesanso.
- Kodi mapu a kiyibodi ndi olondola pa mlendo? Sinthani ndi setxkbmap kapena dpkg-reconfigure.
Kodi zimangolephera mu X kapena mu TTY yokha? Yesani njira ina kapena onani njira zazifupi za emulator.
- Kodi mukugwiritsa ntchito mtundu wakale wa VirtualBox? Sinthani ku mtundu waposachedwa wa nthambi yanu.
- Kodi mukufuna USB 2.0 / 3.0? Ikani Paketi Yowonjezera yomwe ikugwirizana ndi mtundu wanu.

Ngati VM imaundanabe pambuyo pa zonsezi, pangani VM yatsopano yolozera ku disk yomweyi kuti mupewe ziphuphu za kasinthidwe. Nthawi zambiri litayamba ili bwino ndipo ndi .vbox wapamwamba amene akuyambitsa vutoKumvetsetsa momwe mungatsegule kapena kukonza a .vbox wapamwamba Funsani kalozera woyenera. Kuitanitsanso chipangizo chamagetsi (OVA) ndi yankho lachangu ngati pamenepo ndi poyambira.

Zomwe taphunzira pazochitika zenizeni

Pankhani ya Windows 10 + VirtualBox 6.1.22 + Kali: kuphatikiza kusakhala ndi Zowonjezera Alendo kapena Paketi Yowonjezera, kuphatikiza zosefera za USB ndi kukayikira za kiyi ya Host, Zinathera muzochitika zakufa kiyibodi ndi mbewa Pambuyo poyimitsa koyamba, kuyika kiyi ya Host kumanja kwa Ctrl, kuletsa zosefera za USB, ndikupangitsa kuti makiyi odziwikiratu abwezeretsedwe. Kusintha kulumikizana kwa Num Lock kumalepheretsa kusalumikizana bwino mukasinthana pakati pa machitidwe.

Pankhani ya Debian Squeeze: ndi mapu osasintha a USA ndi kiyi ya Host yasunthira ku kiyi ya logo yolondola, ogwiritsa ntchito ena sanathe kugwiritsa ntchito Ctrl mu nano. pamene ena adatha kubwereza Ctrl + X popanda vutoKusiyana kwake? Nkhani (console vs X), emulator yomaliza, ndi kujambula kwachidule. Kutenga ku TTY ndikuyang'ana kumeneko kunathandizira kuthetsa vutoli kumbali ya zithunzi.

Ndipo pankhani ya AltGr + ß: VirtualBox siyiyenera kuimbidwa mlandu ngati mapu a alendo ndi olakwika kapena ngati tibe AltGr pa kiyi ya Host. Pa Linux, AltGr ndi yopatulika ku zizindikiro ngati \ kapena | m'magawo ena; kusunga makiyi a VirtualBox kuli ngati kupanga chipika chodzikakamiza.

Mafunso Ofulumira

Kodi ndikufunika kukhazikitsa Guest Additions kuti kiyibodi igwire ntchito? Ayi, kiyibodi yoyambira imagwira ntchito popanda iwoKoma kuphatikiza (mbewa, zenera, clipboard) kumayenda bwino kwambiri ndi Zowonjezera ndipo nthawi zambiri kumachotsa zosamveka.

Kodi Hyper-V ingathyole kiyibodi mu VirtualBox? Pamakompyuta a Windows, Hyper-V ikhoza kusokoneza virtualization Mwambiri. Zimitsani ngati simukuzifuna (ndikuyambanso) kuti mupewe kusamvana.

Chifukwa chiyani zimangolephera mu nano? Chifukwa nano, terminal, kapena X ikhoza kukhala kusokoneza kapena kumasuliranso zosinthaYesani kugwiritsa ntchito TTY (Ctrl+Alt+F2) kuti muwone ngati ndi vuto la dongosolo kapena zojambulajambula.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ku Num Lock mukayambitsa VM? Mitundu ina ya VirtualBox Amataya mawonekedwe a LED pakati pa wolandira ndi mlendo. Kuyika kwa GUI/HidLedsSync "0" kumasiya pansi paulamuliro wa wolandirayo.

Pambuyo poyesa njira zonsezi, kiyibodiyo nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi moyo pokonza mfundo zitatu: kupewa AltGr ngati kiyi ya Host, kugwirizanitsa mapu a kiyibodi ya alendo ndi mapu a kiyibodi, ndikusokoneza Num Lock desynchronization ndi VBoxManage command. Ngati mumatsukanso zosefera za USB, yambitsani kujambula, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mukugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yofananira ya VirtualBox ndi Pack yake Yowonjezera.Nkhani za "ghost" mbewa ndi kiyibodi zimatha. Ndipo ngati mukupeza kuti mwakhazikika ndi kiyi ya Ctrl yomwe sikugwira ntchito ku Debian kapena kubwerera kumbuyo ku Kali yokhala ndi masanjidwe aku Germany, kumbukirani: yesani TTY, yang'anani njira zazifupi, ndipo musagawire VirtualBox kiyi yomwe Linux ikufunika kuti alembe zizindikiro zofunika.