Momwe mungatetezere rauta yanu ndi netiweki yakunyumba ndi zitsimikizo

Netiweki yanu yakunyumba ndi ulusi wosawoneka womwe umalumikiza makompyuta, mafoni am'manja, makanema akanema, zida zamasewera, makina osindikizira, ndi zida zamitundu yonse. Zikakhala zotetezedwa bwino, zonse zimayenda bwino. Ikalephera, zolowera, kuzimitsa, kuthamanga kwapang'onopang'ono, komanso zoopsa zakuba deta zimawonekera. Ndichifukwa chake, Kuteteza rauta yanu ndi netiweki yakunyumba ndikofunikira monga kutseka chitseko chakutsogolo..

Ngakhale ma routers ambiri amafika okonzeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito, samakonzedwa nthawi zonse ndi chitetezo chabwino kwambiri. Zosankha zina zimakhala zolemala kapena zokhala ndi ma generic, zomwe zimatsegula chitseko cha zovuta zachitetezo ndi magwiridwe antchito. kusintha kosavuta ndi kukonza pang'onoMutha kusintha maukonde anu akunyumba kukhala malo otetezeka komanso okhazikika.

Chifukwa chiyani kuli bwino kulimbitsa rauta yanu ndi netiweki yakunyumba

Maukonde omwe ali pachiwopsezo amakopa zovuta: pulogalamu yaumbanda, kuba zidziwitso, kunyengerera, ndikuchita nawo mosadziwa mu ma botnet. Routa yachikale kapena yolakwika imatha kuloleza kubera kwa DNS, kulowa mosaloledwa, kapena wina kukhetsa bandwidth yanu..

Palinso zotsatira zogwira ntchito: kuchedwa kwambiri, kutsika kwa chizindikiro, kutsika kwa liwiro, ndi machulukitsidwe. Ngati rauta yanu ikhala gawo la botnet kapena anansi anu akugwiritsa ntchito kulumikizana kwanu, mudzawona kutsika kwamasewera, kutsitsa, kapena kutsitsa.Kunyumba, khalidwe la maukonde zimadalira zonse Kuphunzira ndi chitetezo.

Nkhani yofanana:

TP-Link Perimeter Intrusion Alerts: Chitsogozo Chokwanira Chowalamulira ndi Kusunga Network Yanu Yotetezedwa

Gawo loyamba: pezani rauta yanu motetezeka

Musanasinthe makonda aliwonse, muyenera kupeza adilesi ya pachipata cha rauta yanu kuti mulowetse gulu lake lowongolera. Pa Windows, tsegulani menyu Yoyambira, yambitsani mwachangu (cmd), ndikuyendetsa `ipconfig / all`; mudzawona adilesi yachipata cha kulumikizana kwanu. Adilesi yomwe ili mu msakatuli wanu idzakufikitsani ku gulu loyang'anira.

Pa Mac, pitani ku menyu yayikulu, lowetsani Zokonda, kulowa Network, sankhani Wi-Fi ndikudina Zapamwamba; mu tabu ya TCP/IP mudzawona chipata cha rauta. Ndi adilesi ya IP imeneyo mutha kutsegula mawonekedwe owongolera kuchokera pa msakatuli wanu.

Zidziwitso zolowera nthawi zambiri zimapezeka pa cholembera pa rauta yokha kapena mu kalozera wake woyambira mwachangu. Mukangolowa, yang'anani njira yosinthira password ya administrator. Pewani mawu achinsinsi ngati admin kapena 1234 ndikukhazikitsa mawu achinsinsi amphamvu, apadera..

Dzina la netiweki ndi makiyi: sinthani mwamakonda ndikulimbitsa

El SSID Dzina la netiweki nthawi zambiri limapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito dzina la wopanga kapena wonyamula. Kusintha ndi njira yosavuta yomwe imachepetsa chidziwitso cha mtundu wa chipangizo chanu. Gwiritsani ntchito chizindikiritso chosalowerera ndale chomwe sichiphatikiza zaumwini kapena maumboni amtundu kapena katundu..

Mawu achinsinsi a Wi-Fi ayenera kukhala amphamvu. Malembo osachepera 12 okhala ndi zilembo zazikuluzikulu, zilembo zazing'ono, manambala, ndi zizindikiro ndizovomerezeka. Pewani kusunga mawu achinsinsi a fakitale, ngakhale akuwoneka ovuta bwanji poyang'ana koyamba.Ngati mumalandira alendo pafupipafupi, ganizirani zosintha pafupipafupi, mwachitsanzo miyezi isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse.

Kubisa koyenera: WPA2 kapena WPA3, osati WEP

Muzokonda muwona machitidwe osiyanasiyana opanda zingwe. WEP ndi yachikale ndipo siyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. WPA ndiyotetezeka kwambiri kuposa WEP, koma imathanso kusweka. Zosankha zomwe zikulimbikitsidwa masiku ano ndi WPA2 kapena WPA3, chifukwa ndizosamva kuukiridwa mwankhanza..

Ngati muli ndi zida zakale kwambiri zomwe sizigwirizana ndi WPA3, gwiritsani ntchito WPA2. Ma routers ena ali ndi mawonekedwe osakanikirana kuti apereke kuyanjana ndi zida zosiyanasiyana. Onetsetsani kuti kubisa kosankhidwa ndi WPA2-PSK kapena WPA3-SAE osati njira ina yotetezeka kwambiri..

Ma network a alendo ndi gawo la IoT

Kulekanitsa magalimoto ndi lingaliro labwino. Pangani netiweki ya alendo ndi mawu ake achinsinsi ndi WPA2 kapena WPA3 chitetezo, kuti alendo anu athe kupeza intaneti osawona makompyuta anu akulu. Izi zimachepetsa chiwopsezo cha chipangizo chakunja chokhala ndi pulogalamu yaumbanda yomwe imawonekera pamakompyuta anu kapena pazida zam'manja..

Pazida za intaneti ya Zinthu, monga mapulagi anzeru, mababu, zolondera zolimba, mawotchi, kapena othandizira mawu, lingalirani netiweki ina kapena, ngati zida zanu zikuloleza, perekani VLAN, ndipo dziwani zovuta zomwe zingachitike pachitetezo. Zoseweretsa za AI. Pakupatula IoT, mumachepetsa chiwopsezo cha kulephera kwa zida zowululira zachinsinsi kuchokera ku zida zanu zazikulu..

Letsani zomwe zimatsegula zitseko: WPS, UPnP, ndi kuyang'anira kutali

WPS imapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kulumikiza zida ndi PIN yokhala ndi manambala 8 kapena batani lakuthupi, koma ndi vekitala yodziwika bwino. Kuletsa WPS kumachepetsa njira zolowera ndikuwonjezera zovuta pang'ono kupitilira kulowa kiyi polumikiza chipangizo chatsopano..

UPnP imalola zida kuti zizisintha zokha madoko. Izi ndizosavuta, koma zagwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi pulogalamu yaumbanda kutsegula madoko pa ma routers popanda chilolezo. Zida zikakonzedwa, zimitsani UPnP kuti mupewe kutseguka kosawoneka pa intaneti..

Kuwongolera kwakutali ndi chinthu china chomwe mungaletse ngati simuchifuna. Zimakuthandizani kuti muzitha kuyang'anira rauta kuchokera kunja kwa nyumba yanu, zomwe wowukira angagwiritse ntchito ngati apeza zidziwitso zanu. Sungani kasamalidwe kopezeka pa netiweki yapafupi; ndipo ngati mutayitsegula kwakanthawi, muzimitsa mukamaliza..

Firmware, firewall ndi ntchito: sungani zonse zatsopano

Firmware ya rauta yanu ikufunika zosinthidwa, monga foni yanu yam'manja kapena makina opangira makompyuta. Kuchokera pagawo lowongolera la chipangizocho, mutha kuyang'ana zosintha zatsopano kapena kuyatsa zosintha ngati zilipo. Zigamba zimakonza zofooka ndipo nthawi zina zimathandizira magwiridwe antchito ndi kukhazikika.

Onetsetsani kuti firewall ya router yanu ikugwira ntchito. Ndi chotchinga chomwe chimasefa malumikizidwe osayenera omwe akubwera. Ngati chitsanzo chanu chikuloleza, yambitsani mbiri yachitetezo kapena malamulo omwe amaletsa ntchito zowululidwa. Chozimitsa moto chokonzedwa bwino chimachepetsa kuukira kwa intaneti.

Kusintha adilesi ya IP yachinsinsi ya rauta pa netiweki yakomweko ndikowonjezera: kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito 192.168.1.1 (kapena 192.168.0.1) kumapangitsa kuti tiyesetse kupeza mosavuta. Pezani adilesi ina ya IP m'malo am'deralo ndikulemba kuti mudzapeze gululo mtsogolo..

Kusefa adilesi ya MAC: kuwongolera granular ndi ma nuances

Kusefa kwa MAC kumakupatsani mwayi wosankha kuti ndi zida ziti zomwe zingalumikizane ndi Wi-Fi yanu pogwiritsa ntchito chizindikiritso chapadera. Mutha kupanga mndandanda wazololeza kapena kuletsa zida zinazake. Ndi gawo lowonjezera lomwe limalepheretsa anthu omwe ali ndi chidwi komanso limachepetsa mwayi wopeza mwayi..

Komabe, iwo omwe amadziwa zida zowunikira maukonde amatha kuwononga ma adilesi a MAC. Choncho, kusefa sikuyenera kukhala chitetezo chanu chokha. Igwiritseni ntchito ngati chothandizira pa mawu achinsinsi amphamvu, kubisa mwamphamvu, ndi njira zina zomwe zafotokozedwa..

Chepetsani DHCP, sungani ma IP, ndikuwongolera mndandanda

Seva ya DHCP ya rauta imapereka ma adilesi a IP okha. Mutha kuchepetsa ma adilesi omwe alipo kuti zida zanu zokha zikhale nawo. Kuchepetsa mwadala nthawi ya Start IP ndi End IP kumapangitsa kulumikizana kosayembekezereka kukhala kovuta..

Ngati mukufuna kuwongolera kwambiri, zimitsani DHCP ndikusintha pamanja ma IP pa chipangizo chilichonse; ndi ntchito yochulukirapo, koma imawonjezera chitetezo. Mutha kupanganso kusungitsa IP ndi adilesi ya MAC kuti chipangizo chilichonse chilandire adilesi yomweyo. Gome losungitsa mwadongosolo limapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuzindikira zovuta ndikuzindikira omwe alowa..

Konzani kufalikira: malo, mphamvu, ndi magulu

Ikani rauta pamalo apakati, okwera, kutali ndi zopinga zowirira ndi zitsulo. Pewani mazenera kapena zitseko ngati n'kotheka, kuletsa chizindikiro kuthawa. Malo osankhidwa bwino amathandizira kufalikira ndikupangitsa kuti netiweki isapezeke mosavuta kuchokera kunja kwa nyumba..

Ma routers ena amakulolani kuti musinthe mphamvu yotumizira. Kuyitsitsa pang'ono kungakhale kothandiza kuletsa chizindikiro kuti chifike pamsewu mwamphamvu kwambiri, ndikusunga bwino m'nyumba. Kuloza tinyanga m'kati kumathandizanso kuyika mphamvu momwe mukufunira..

Ngati chipangizo chanu chili ndi ma bandi apawiri, gwiritsani ntchito mwayi wa 2.4 GHz wosiyana ndi 5 GHz pa liwiro lothamanga komanso kusamvana kochepa. M'nyumba zomwe zili ndi zida zambiri komanso ntchito zotsatsira, 5 GHz idzakhala bwenzi lanu lapamtima. Kutchula gulu lililonse momveka bwino kudzakuthandizani kulumikiza chida chilichonse ku njira yabwino kwambiri..

Yang'anirani ndikuchitapo kanthu: zida zolumikizidwa ndikusintha kwakanthawi

Nthawi zina yang'anani gulu lowongolera la rauta yanu kuti muwone zida zomwe zalumikizidwa. Ngati mupeza zida zilizonse zosadziwika, sinthani mawu achinsinsi a Wi-Fi ndikuzichotsa. Kuwunikanso mndandanda wamakasitomala opanda zingwe ndi zida za LAN kumakupatsani kuwongolera ndi mtendere wamalingaliro..

Kusintha mawu achinsinsi nthawi zonse ndi lingaliro labwino, makamaka ngati nthawi zambiri mumagawana maukonde anu ndi alendo. Ndipo ngati mwakhazikitsa netiweki ya alendo, zimitsani pomwe simukufuna. Kusamalira pang'ono kumachepetsa zoopsa popanda zovuta.

Tetezani zida zapaintaneti: ulalo wamunthu ndiwofunika

Makompyuta, mafoni am'manja, ndi matabuleti omwe amatengedwa kunja kwanyumba amalumikizana ndi maukonde ena motero amakhala pachiwopsezo. Sungani machitidwe ndi mapulogalamu osinthidwa ndi zigamba zokha ndikuwona momwe zindikirani mapulogalamu aukazitape pa Android. Ma antivayirasi abwino komanso mapasiwedi apadera pa chipangizo chilichonse amalimbitsa maukonde onse.

Mukamagwira ntchito kutali kapena kubanki pa intaneti, ganizirani kugwiritsa ntchito VPN yodalirika. VPN imatsekereza kuchuluka kwa magalimoto anu, ndikuwonjezera chitetezo chowonjezera ngati wina atha kuletsa data pa Wi-Fi yanu kapena mukusakatula pamaneti omwe ali ndi anthu. Ngakhale Wi-Fi itabisidwa, VPN imapangitsa akazitape kukhala ovuta kwambiri..

Zimitsani, chotsani, ndikukhala ndi malingaliro athanzi mumanetiweki athanzi

Ngati mukhalapo kwa masiku ambiri, kuzimitsa rauta kumachotsa mwayi wofikira kutali komanso kumalepheretsa kudabwitsa kwamphamvu kwamagetsi. Popanda netiweki yotsegulidwa, palibe kuukira komwe kungachitike panthawiyi, komanso mumapulumutsa mphamvu..

Kukhala ndi chidziwitso pazankhani za cybersecurity kumakuthandizani kuyembekezera zomwe zikuchitika: zigamba zina zimatulutsidwa pakachitika zinthu zazikulu, ndipo muyenera kufunsa akalozera pa [mitu yoyenera]. phishing ndi vishingYang'ananinso firmware pamene nkhani zokhudzana ndi chiopsezo cha rauta zatulutsidwa. Kupewa mwachidziwitso ndiye mthandizi wanu wabwino kwambiri.

Kubisa SSID, kusintha adilesi ya IP ya rauta, ndi njira zina zothandiza

Kubisa SSID kumalepheretsa netiweki kuwonekera pamndandanda woyambira, ngakhale sizingaimitse wowukira wotsimikiza. Ngakhale zili choncho, zingalepheretse oonerera ochita chidwi ndi kuchepetsa zoyesayesa zazing’ono. Mukabisa maukonde, kumbukirani kuti muyenera kulemba pamanja dzina ndi achinsinsi pa chipangizo chilichonse..

Kusintha adilesi ya IP ya rauta yanu kumawonjezera nzeru. Mungathe kuchita izi kuchokera pazigawo za LAN kapena DHCP za gulu loyang'anira, posankha adilesi yosiyana pakati pawo. Ngati mungafunike kubwezeretsanso, mutha kukonzanso fakitale. Dziwani ma adilesi a IP atsopano kuti musataye mwayi wofikira pazokonda.

Kuphatikiza apo, ma routers ambiri amawonetsa mndandanda wamakasitomala, nthawi zina pansi pa mayina ngati zida za Wi-Fi kapena zambiri za DHCP. Gwiritsani ntchito izi kuzindikira ndi kutchulanso chipangizo chilichonse ndi china chake chodziwika. Kulemba zida zanu kumakuthandizani kuti muzindikire mwachangu wakuba..

Pamene rauta ndi mtima wa nyumba yanu ya digito

Kusankha ma hardware abwino kumafunikanso. Router yokhala ndi matekinoloje aposachedwa, monga Wi-Fi 6, imayendetsa bwino zida zingapo ndikupereka njira zambiri zotetezera. Ngati nyumba yanu ndi yayikulu, gwiritsani ntchito zowonjezera kapena netiweki ya mauna, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito masiwichi kuti muyike zida zokhazikika..

Zingwe sizinali zakale: pa telefoni, masewera kapena TV yanzeru, chingwe cha 6 kapena chapamwamba cha Ethernet chimapereka kukhazikika komanso kutsika kochepa. Chingwechi chimamasula Wi-Fi ndikuwongolera luso lazida zopanda zingwe..

Ndipo ngati china chake sichikuyenda bwino: matenda ofulumira komanso machitidwe abwino

Ngati mukukumana ndi liwiro lapang'onopang'ono kapena kusiya ntchito, choyamba yang'anani zosintha za firmware ndikuyambitsanso rauta yanu kunja kwanthawi yogwira ntchito. Yang'anani kusokoneza posintha ma tchanelo, makamaka pa 2.4 GHz band. Lumikizani kwakanthawi zida za IoT kuti muletse chilichonse chomwe chingakhale chikudzaza netiweki..

Tsimikizirani kuti palibe zosintha zokayikitsa mu DNS komanso kuti chowotchera moto chikugwirabe ntchito; ndi kuphunzira kuchita letsani kulumikizana kokayikitsa kuchokera ku cmdNgati china chake sichikuwoneka, sinthani mawu achinsinsi a Wi-Fi ndi rauta, zimitsani WPS ndi UPnP, ndikuwunikanso mndandanda wamakasitomala. Kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu kumadula mwayi wosaloledwa pamizu yake ndikubwezeretsanso kuwongolera.

Ndi zosintha zonsezi, netiweki yanu yakunyumba ikhala yokonzekera bwino kwambiri motsutsana ndi kuyesa kulowerera, zolakwika za kasinthidwe, ndi zolephera zomwe wamba. Kukonza zinthu lero kumakupulumutsirani mutu mawa..

Daniel Terrasa

Mkonzi wokhazikika pazaukadaulo komanso nkhani zapaintaneti yemwe ali ndi zaka zopitilira khumi pazama media osiyanasiyana. Ndagwira ntchito ngati mkonzi komanso wopanga zinthu pa e-commerce, kulumikizana, kutsatsa pa intaneti ndi makampani otsatsa. Ndalembanso pamawebusayiti azachuma, azachuma ndi magawo ena. Ntchito yanga ndi chidwi changanso. Tsopano, kudzera mu zolemba zanga mu Tecnobits, Ndimayesetsa kufufuza nkhani zonse ndi mwayi watsopano umene dziko laukadaulo limatipatsa tsiku lililonse kuti tisinthe miyoyo yathu.