Kudyetsa Ma cell Pinocytosis

pinocytosis Ndi njira Mfundo yofunika kwambiri pazakudya zama cell, momwe ma cell amaphatikizira madzi ndi tinthu ting'onoting'ono tomwe timapezeka m'malo awo. Chodabwitsa ichi, chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti endocytosis yamadzimadzi, chimadziwika kuti ndi njira yoyendetsera bwino kwambiri yomwe imalola kuti maselo azitha kupeza zakudya komanso kuchita ntchito zofunika kuti apulumuke. M'nkhaniyi, tiwona mwatsatanetsatane njira yodyetsera ma cell ndi pinocytosis, kusanthula mikhalidwe yake yayikulu ndi njira zowongolera.

Chiyambi cha kudyetsa ma cell pinocytosis

Pinocytosis ndi njira yofunikira pazakudya zama cell, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti maselo azitha kupeza zakudya ndi zinthu zofunika kuti zigwire ntchito. Mtundu uwu wa endocytosis umakhala ndi kulowetsedwa kwa nembanemba ya cell kuti apange ma vesicles omwe amatenga madzi ndi tinthu tosungunuka topezeka mu extracellular sing'anga.

Pa pinocytosis, nembanemba ya plasma imapinda mu selo, kupanga thumba laling'ono kapena vesicle yotchedwa endosome. Endosome iyi imayenda mkati mwa cytoplasm ndikuphatikizana ndi ma lysosomes, omwe ndi ma organelles omwe ali ndi michere ya m'mimba. Ma enzymes awa omwe amatulutsidwa mkati mwa endosome amawononga tinthu tating'onoting'ono, ndikutulutsa michere yofunika kuti igwire. kagayidwe ka maselo.

Pinocytosis ndi njira yosinthasintha kwambiri yodyetsera maselo ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana achilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, maselo a chitetezo chamthupi amagwiritsa ntchito pinocytosis kuti agwire ndikuphwanya mabakiteriya ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono, zomwe zimathandiza kuti thupi likhale ndi thanzi. Kuonjezera apo, maselo ena apadera, monga omwe amapezeka mu epithelia yomwe imayendetsa matumbo, amagwiritsa ntchito njirayi kuti atenge zakudya, monga shuga, amino acid ndi lipids, zomwe zimapezeka m'matumbo.

Tanthauzo ndi ntchito ya pinocytosis mu kudyetsa ma cell

Pinocytosis ndi njira yofunikira pakudyetsa ma cell komwe kumalola kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono tamadzimadzi kapena tinthu tating'ono tosungunuka kuchokera ku chilengedwe. Ndilofunikira kwambiri pama cell, chifukwa amawapatsa michere yofunika kuti agwire ntchito zake kagayidwe kachakudya. Kupyolera mu pinocytosis, maselo amatha kuyamwa zinthu monga amino acid, shuga, mavitamini ofunikira ndi mchere.

Izi ma cell ikuchitika mwa mapangidwe vesicles otchedwa endosomes kapena pinocytic vacuoles. Ma vesicles awa, okhala ndi nembanemba wopangidwa ndi phospholipids, amachokera ku zolowa mu plasma nembanemba. Akapangidwa, ma vesicles amasunthira muselo, kenako ndikuphatikizana ndi ma lysosomes, organelles omwe amakhala ndi michere ya m'mimba. Kuphatikizika pakati pa ma pinocytic vesicles ndi ma lysosomes kumalola kuwonongeka ndikugwiritsa ntchito motsatira mankhwala ogwidwa.

Mwachidule, pinocytosis ndi njira yodyetsera ma cell yomwe imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuyamwa kwa michere. Chifukwa cha mapangidwe a pinocytic vesicles, maselo amatha kutenga zinthu zamadzimadzi ndi mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono osungunuka kuchokera ku extracellular medium. Kupyolera mu kuphatikizika ndi ma lysosomes, kuwonongeka ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zomwe zagwidwa zimachitika, motero kuonetsetsa kuti maselo akugwira ntchito bwino komanso amasamalira bwino.

Njira ndi magawo a pinocytosis pakudya kwa ma cell

Pinocytosis ndi njira ya endocytosis yomwe imalola kutengera zamadzimadzi ndi mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono osungunuka ndi selo. Izi ndizofunikira pazakudya zama cell, chifukwa kudzera m'maselo a pinocytosis amatha kupeza zakudya ndi zinthu zofunika kuti zigwire bwino ntchito.

Pinocytosis imachitika mu magawo angapo, omwe ndi:

• Mapangidwe a pinocytosis vesicle: Panthawi imeneyi, nembanemba ya plasma imalowa m'magazi ndikupanga ma vesicles omwe amagwira madzimadzi owonjezera.
• Kuphatikizika kwa vesicles ndi endosomes oyambirira: Ma pinocytosis vesicles amalumikizana ndi ma endosomes oyambirira, omwe ali ndi michere ya m'mimba ndi mapuloteni ofunikira pokonza zinthu zomwe zatengedwa.
• Kuphatikizika kwa endosomes koyambirira ndi ma endosomes ochedwa: Ma endosomes oyambilira amalumikizana ndi ma endosomes ochedwa, pomwe kugayidwa kwina kwa mamolekyu otengera kumachitika ndipo zinthu zomwe zimagayidwa zimasiyanitsidwa ndi zinthu zosagawika.

Mwachidule, pinocytosis ndi njira yofunikira pazakudya zama cell, chifukwa imalola kutengera zakudya ndi zinthu zina zofunika kuti ma cell agwire bwino ntchito. Kupyolera mu magawo osiyanasiyana, maselo amatha kutenga madzi ndi mamolekyu osungunuka, kuwapanga, ndi kuwagwiritsa ntchito pa mphamvu ndi zolinga zina za metabolic.

Mitundu ya mamolekyu ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapanga pinocytosis

Pinocytosis ndi njira ya endocytosis momwe selo limatenga mamolekyu ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timasungunuka m'malo ake owonjezera. Kupyolera mu kuyamwa kwamtunduwu, selo limatha kupeza zakudya ndikuwongolera malo ake amkati. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mamolekyu ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timamwa kudzera mu pinocytosis, ena mwa iwo ndi awa:

• Mapuloteni ndi amino acid: Maselo amatha kutenga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mapuloteni kudzera mu pinocytosis. Izi zikhoza kukhala mapuloteni osungunuka m'madzi kapena mapuloteni omwe amamangiriridwa ku mamolekyu ena.
• Mafuta: Ma lipids, monga mafuta acids ndi mahomoni a steroid, amathanso kutengedwa ndi selo kudzera pa pinocytosis. Ma lipidswa amagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana m'thupi ndipo ndi ofunikira kuti ma cell asungidwe bwino.
• Mchere wa mchere: Mchere wamchere, monga calcium, sodium ndi potaziyamu, ndi wofunikira kuti maselo agwire bwino ntchito. Pinocytosis angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyamwa mchere mchere chilengedwe chilengedwe extracellular.

Kupatula mamolekyuwa, pinocytosis imathanso kuloleza kuyamwa kwa tinthu tating'ono monga ma vesicles owonjezera, mabakiteriya, ma virus ndi poizoni. Tinthu tating'ono ting'onoting'ono timazindikiridwa ndikuzunguliridwa ndi nembanemba ya cell, kupanga ma vesicles otchedwa pinosomes omwe pambuyo pake amasamutsidwira mu selo kuti akapangidwe.

Mwachidule, pinocytosis ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yopezera zakudya komanso kuwongolera chilengedwe chamkati mwa ma cell. Kupyolera mu kuyamwa kwamtunduwu, maselo amatha kutenga mamolekyu ndi tinthu tambirimbiri, kuphatikiza mapuloteni, lipids, mchere wamchere, ma vesicles owonjezera, mabakiteriya, ma virus, ndi poizoni.

Kufunika kwa pinocytosis pakupeza zakudya ndi maselo

Pinocytosis ndi njira yofunikira kuti ma cell apeze zakudya zofunikira kuti azigwira bwino ntchito. Mtundu uwu wa endocytosis umalola maselo kutenga mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono omwe amasungunuka mu sing'anga ya extracellular, monga ayoni, ma amino acid ndi shuga, popanga ma vesicles otchedwa pinosomes. Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa michere yomwe imapezeka kudzera mu pinocytosis ndiyotsika poyerekeza ndi njira zina zoyendera, kufunikira kwake kuli pakutha kugwira zinthu zambiri zofunika pakupanga ma cell metabolism.

Ubwino wina wa pinocytosis ndi kusinthasintha kwake kuti azolowere zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndi kusintha kwa chilengedwe. Maselo amatha kuchita zimenezi mosalekeza, zomwe zimathandiza kuti mayamwidwe a michere asamadye chakudya chochuluka kapena chosowa. Kuphatikiza apo, pinocytosis simakhudzidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa michere m'kati mwake, chifukwa imatha kutenga mamolekyu ngakhale atakhala otsika kwambiri. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka pakasowa komwe ma cell amayenera kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri michere yomwe ilipo.

Pinocytosis imagwiranso ntchito yofunikira pakuwongolera kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi ma electrolyte m'thupi. Kupyolera mu kugwidwa kwa madzi a extracellular, maselo amatha kusunga homeostasis ndikuletsa kusamvana kwa osmotic. Kuwongolera uku ndikofunikira kuti ma cell apulumuke komanso kugwira ntchito moyenera kwa minofu ndi ziwalo. Mwachidule, pinocytosis sikofunikira kokha kuti tipeze zakudya, komanso kuwongolera zofunikira zakuthupi m'thupi.

Zinthu zomwe zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito komanso kuwongolera kwa pinocytosis pakudyetsa ma cell

Kugwiritsa ntchito komanso kufunika kwachilengedwe kwa pinocytosis mumitundu yosiyanasiyana yama cell

Pinocytosis ndi njira yofunikira yachilengedwe yomwe imachitika m'machitidwe osiyanasiyana mafoni am'manja. Mtundu uwu wa endocytosis umalola ma cell kuti amwe madzi ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timatulutsa kuchokera kumadera akunja, kumathandizira kutengeka kwa michere, kuchotsa zinyalala, ndi kusinthika kwa membrane.

Pazamankhwala, pinocytosis imatenga gawo lofunikira pakunyamula mankhwala ndi mankhwala enaake kuti akwaniritse ma cell. Posintha ma nanoparticles okhala ndi mamolekyu ogwirizana ndi biocompatible, ndizotheka kukwaniritsa bwino pakuperekera komanso kupezeka kwamankhwala kwamankhwala ochizira matenda monga khansa kapena matenda amtundu.

Kuphatikiza apo, pinocytosis imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuyamwa kwa michere m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono. Maselo a epithelial omwe amazungulira matumbo amapanga pinocytosis kuti agwire mamolekyu chakudya ndikuthandizira kuyamwa kwake kudzera mu nembanemba yamatumbo. Izi ndizofunikira kuti thupi likhale ndi thanzi labwino komanso kulimbikitsa kugwira ntchito bwino kwa m'mimba.

Zothandiza komanso zaukadaulo pakuphunzira kudyetsa ma cell ndi pinocytosis

Pinocytosis ndi njira yofunikira pazakudya zama cell zomwe zimaphatikizapo kutenga ndi kuyamwa kwamadzimadzi ndi mamolekyu osungunuka kudutsa nembanemba yama cell. Kuti muphunzire chodabwitsa ichi molondola, ndikofunika kulingalira zinthu zina zothandiza komanso zamakono zomwe zingakhudze zotsatira zomwe zapezedwa. M'munsimu muli mfundo zofunika kwambiri:

• Kusankha ma cell oyenera: Musanayambe kuyesa kwa pinocytosis, ndikofunikira kusankha mzere woyenera wa cell womwe umadziwika kuti ukuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa ntchito za pinocytosis. Maselo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa maphunzirowa ndi maselo a epithelial, monga maselo a HeLa. Maselo awa ndi osavuta kutsata komanso kukhala ndi mphamvu ya pinocytosis.
• Kusankha zolembera zoyenera: Kuti muzindikire ndi kuwerengera pinocytosis, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zolembera zomwe zimalola kuti zinthu zomwe zakhudzidwa zisiyanitsidwe ndi ma cell. Zolemba za fluorescent, monga pinocytosis fluid zolembedwa ndi utoto wa fulorosenti, zitha kukhala zothandiza kwambiri chifukwa zimalola kuti ma pinocytosis vesicles atsatidwe ndikuwonetseredwa panthawiyi.
• Kuwongolera zoyeserera: Ndikofunika kusunga nthawi zonse komanso kuwongolera mikhalidwe yoyesera panthawi yophunzira pinocytosis. Izi zikuphatikizapo kutentha, pH, ndende yamadzimadzi, ndi nthawi yoyamwitsa. Kusiyanasiyana kulikonse mumikhalidwe iyi kungakhudze zotsatira ndi kutanthauzira kwa deta yopezedwa.

Kudziwa zofunikira komanso zaukadaulo zofunika pakuwerengera ma pinocytosis yama cell kudzalola kupeza zotsatira zodalirika komanso zobwerezeka. Kuphatikiza apo, malingalirowa amapereka maziko olimba a kafukufuku wamtsogolo pankhani yazakudya zama cell komanso momwe zimakhudzira ma cell physiology. Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti phunziro lirilonse lingafunike kusintha kwapadera kutengera mtundu wa selo ndi zolinga zofufuzira, koma mfundo zazikuluzikuluzi zidzathandiza kukhazikitsa maziko a phunziro lopambana la pinocytosis mu nkhani ya kudyetsa maselo.

Mavuto okhudzana ndi kusintha kapena kusokonekera kwa pinocytosis pakudya kwa ma cell

Pinocytosis ndi njira yofunika kwambiri muzakudya zama cell zomwe zimalola kuti zakumwa zamadzimadzi komanso tinthu ting'onoting'ono tisungunuke popanga ma vesicles. Komabe, kusintha kwake kapena kukanika kwake kungayambitse zovuta zazikulu muselo. Chimodzi mwazovuta zazikulu zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kusinthaku ndikusowa kwa michere yofunika kuti maselo agwire bwino ntchito. Popanda ndondomeko yokwanira ya pinocytosis, selo silingathe kugwira ndi kuyamwa zakudya zofunika kuti likhale ndi moyo ndi chitukuko.

Vuto lina lokhudzana ndi kuwonongeka kwa pinocytosis ndi kudzikundikira kwa zinyalala ndi poizoni mu selo. Ngati pinocytosis sichigwira ntchito bwino, selo silingathe kuchotsa zinyalala ndi zinthu zapoizoni m'malo ake. Zinyalalazi zimatha kudziunjikira mkati mwa selo, zomwe zimasokoneza kugwira ntchito kwake ndipo zimatha kuyambitsa matenda.

Kuphatikiza apo, kusokonezeka kwa pinocytosis kumathanso kukhudza kulumikizana ndi ma cell. Njirayi ndiyofunikira pakufalitsa zizindikiro ndi kugwirizana pakati pa maselo osiyanasiyana a minofu kapena chiwalo. Ngati pinocytosis itasinthidwa, selo silingathe kulandira zizindikiro zokwanira kuchokera kumalo ake, zomwe zingayambitse kusamvana ndi kusokonezeka m'thupi.

Ubale pakati pa pinocytosis ndi njira zina zoyendetsera zakudya m'maselo

Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zoyendetsera zakudya m'maselo, ndipo pinocytosis ndi imodzi mwazo. Ngakhale ali ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, ubale wapakati pa pinocytosis ndi njira zinazi ndizofunika kwambiri kuti ma cell azigwira bwino ntchito.

Choyamba, pinocytosis imagawana zofanana ndi receptor-mediated endocytosis, popeza zonsezi zimaphatikizapo kupanga ma vesicles kuchokera ku cell membrane. Komabe, mosiyana ndi receptor-mediated endocytosis, pinocytosis safuna zolandilira nembanemba kwa tinthu internalization. Ubalewu umatithandiza kumvetsetsa kugwirizana pakati pa njira zonse ziwirizi, popeza endocytosis yolandirira-mediated ndiyomwe imagwira mamolekyu enaake pomwe pinocytosis imakhala yodziwika bwino m'njira yolanda tinthu.

Kuonjezera apo, pinocytosis imagwirizananso ndi zomwe zimatchedwa exocytosis, kumene maselo amamasula zinthu mu extracellular sing'anga. Ngakhale zingawoneke ngati zosiyana, pinocytosis imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuwongolera exocytosis. Panthawi ya pinocytosis, ma vesicles ogwidwa amatha kuperekedwa kunjira zobwezeretsanso kapena kumalo osungirako zinthu, monga ma lysosomes. Pambuyo pake, zipindazi zimatha kuphatikizana ndi nembanemba ya cell kuti zitulutse zomwe zili mkati mwake kudzera mu exocytosis.

Kufunika kwa zakudya zopatsa thanzi kuti mukwaniritse pinocytosis m'maselo

Zakudya zolimbitsa thupi zimathandizira kwambiri kukhathamiritsa kwa pinocytosis m'maselo. Pinocytosis ndi njira yomwe maselo amamwa madzi ndi mamolekyu osungunuka m'malo awo. Kuonetsetsa kuti ntchitoyi ikugwira ntchito bwino, m'pofunika kuti thupi likhale ndi zakudya zokwanira.

Kudya kwa protein ndikofunikira pa pinocytosis. Mapuloteni ndi gawo la zolandilira nembanemba zomwe zimalola kuzindikira ndi kulowa mkati mwa mamolekyu omwe maselo amafunikira kuti agwire ntchito. Mwa kuphatikiza kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni muzakudya zathu zatsiku ndi tsiku, timaonetsetsa kuti ma receptor awa apangidwe mokwanira, motero timakulitsa pinocytosis.

Chinanso chofunikira pazakudya zolimbitsa thupi kuti muchepetse pinocytosis ndikudya mavitamini ndi mchere. Zakudya izi ndizofunikira kuti ma enzymes ndi ma cofactors azigwira ntchito moyenera pakuyamwa kwa ma cell ndi kulowa mkati. Mavitamini monga vitamini C ndi E, pamodzi ndi mchere monga nthaka ndi chitsulo, amathandiza kwambiri kuti pinocytosis ikhale yogwira mtima. Kuwonetsetsa kuti tikuphatikiza zakudya izi m'zakudya zathu zatsiku ndi tsiku ndikofunikira kuti ma cell azitha kuchita bwino kwambiri pinocytosis.

Malangizo pakuwongolera ndi kuwongolera kwa pinocytosis pakudyetsa ma cell

Kukhathamiritsa kwa kuchuluka kwa michere: Kupititsa patsogolo ndikuwongolera pinocytosis m'madyedwe am'manja, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti pali michere yambiri muzakudya zakunja. Kuti tichite izi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuchita kusanthula kwanthawi ndi nthawi kwa michere (monga shuga, ma amino acid, mavitamini, ndi zina) zomwe zikupezeka muzachikhalidwe, ndikusintha ndende yawo kutengera zosowa za maselo. Kusunga kuchuluka kwa michere m'thupi kumathandizira kuti pinocytosis igwire bwino ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale michere yambiri komanso magwiridwe antchito a metabolic.

Kulimbikitsa ntchito ya ma receptor: Chinthu chinanso chofunikira chothandizira kusintha kwa pinocytosis m'madyedwe a cell ndikulimbikitsa ntchito zama receptor omwe alipo mu cell membrane. Izi zitha kutheka pogwiritsa ntchito ma ligand enieni omwe amamangiriza ku ma receptor awa ndikuyambitsa ntchito yawo. Zitsanzo zina za ligand zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito zikuphatikizapo kukula, mahomoni, ndi ma peptide ena. Mwa kuonjezera ntchito ya zolandilira, mapangidwe invaginations mu plasma nembanemba amayanjidwa, amene facilitates kulowa kunja mamolekyulu mu selo mkati mwa selo kudzera ndondomeko pinocytosis.

Kuwongolera njira za endocytosis: Pinocytosis ndi imodzi mwamachitidwe a endocytosis omwe amatha kuchitika m'maselo. Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti pali mitundu ina iwiri ya endocytosis, phagocytosis ndi receptor-mediated internalization. Kuti muwongolere ndikuwongolera pinocytosis mukudya kwa ma cell, tikulimbikitsidwa kuwongolera mosamala njira za endocytosis zomwe zilipo. Izi zitha kutheka mwa kusankha kuletsa njira zosafunikira ndikuyendetsa pinocytosis ngati njira yayikulu yolowera michere. Kugwiritsa ntchito ma inhibitors enieni komanso kusintha kwa majini kungakhale njira zothandiza kuti mukwaniritse izi ndikuwongolera bwino ma pinocytosis pakudyetsa ma cell.

Malingaliro amtsogolo komanso kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi pakumvetsetsa kudyetsedwa kwa ma cell ndi pinocytosis

M'nthawi ya biology ya mamolekyulu ndi ma genetics, kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi kwatilola kulowa m'dziko losangalatsa la kudya kwa ma cell ndi pinocytosis. Pamene kafukufuku wowonjezereka akuchitidwa pa njirayi, ziyembekezo zoyembekezeka zamtsogolo zikutuluka ndipo atulukira zinthu zimene zikusonyeza kucholoŵana kwake.

Chimodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri pamaphunziro a kudyetsa ma cell ndi pinocytosis ndikuzindikiritsa njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimawongolera izi. Zakhala zikudziwika kuti pali mapuloteni ambiri ofunikira omwe amachititsa kuti pakhale ma endocytic vesicles, monga clathrin ndi caveolae, omwe amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakulowetsa zakudya ndi ma molekyulu ena. Pamene chizindikiritso ndi maonekedwe a mapuloteniwa akuzama, chitseko chimatsegula njira zatsopano zochiritsira zochizira matenda okhudzana ndi zofooka za zakudya zama cell.

Kutsogola kwina kofunikira ndikuwunika kwa zigawo za endocytic vesicles ndi kulumikizana kwawo ndi maselo olandila. Kupyolera mu luso lapamwamba la microscopy ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira zazikulu zotsatizana, zakhala zotheka kuzindikira lipids ndi mapuloteni osiyanasiyana omwe amapezeka m'ma vesicles awa, komanso njira zowonetsera zomwe zimayendetsa kusakanikirana kwawo ndi cytoplasm ya maselo. Zomwe zapezedwazi zimatipangitsa kumvetsetsa bwino njira za kagayidwe kachakudya ndi ma signature omwe amawongolera ma cell kudyetsedwa ndi pinocytosis, ndikutsegula mwayi watsopano wopangira chithandizo chamankhwala chomwe akufuna komanso makonda.

Mafunso ndi Mayankho

Q: Kodi kudyetsa cell pinocytosis ndi chiyani?
A: Kudyetsa ma cell pinocytosis ndi njira ya endocytosis yomwe maselo amaphatikizira mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono osungunuka m'madzi akunja.

Q: Kodi njira ya pinocytosis ndi chiyani?
A: Mu pinocytosis, selo limapanga zolowa mu plasma membrane, kupanga vesicles otchedwa pinosomes. Ma vesicles awa amatseka ndikuchotsa ku nembanemba, kutenga madzi ndi mamolekyu osungunuka nawo.

Q: Kodi pinocytosis imagwiritsidwa ntchito liti?
A: Pinocytosis imagwiritsidwa ntchito kujambula ndi kuyamwa zakudya, monga ma amino acid, shuga ndi lipids, zomwe zimapezeka m'malo owonjezera. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuthetsa zinyalala ndikuwongolera kapangidwe kake kazinthu zama cell.

Q: Kodi magawo a pinocytosis ndi chiyani?
A: Pinocytosis imakhala ndi magawo atatu: kufalikira kwa nembanemba ya plasma, kupanga pinocytosis vesicle, ndi phagocytosis yamkati.

Q: Ndi mitundu yanji ya pinocytosis yomwe ilipo?
A: Mitundu iwiri ya pinocytosis imadziwika: macropinocytosis ndi receptor-mediated pinocytosis. Mu macropinocytosis, selo limadzaza madzi ambiri ndi tinthu ting'onoting'ono, pomwe receptor-mediated pinocytosis imalola kutenga mamolekyu apadera omwe amamangiriza ku zolandilira pa nembanemba.

Q: Kodi pinocytosis ndi yosiyana bwanji ndi phagocytosis?
A: Pinocytosis imasiyana ndi phagocytosis kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timagwidwa komanso momwe amagwirira ntchito. Ngakhale phagocytosis imaphatikizapo tinthu tating'onoting'ono tokulirapo ndipo imachokera pamapangidwe enieni a mamolekyu, pinocytosis imayang'ana pakumwa kwa zakumwa ndi mamolekyu osungunuka.

Q: Kodi zotsatira zachipatala za pinocytosis ndi chiyani?
Yankho: Pinocytosis imatenga gawo lofunikira pakuyamwa kwa michere ndi mankhwala, kotero kuti kusakhazikika munjira iyi kumatha kusokoneza zakudya zama cell komanso kunyamula mankhwala. Komanso, zikhoza kukhala nawo matenda okhudzana ndi kugawa kwachilendo kwa mapuloteni m'thupi.

Q: Kodi pali malamulo a pinocytosis ndi selo?
A: Inde, pinocytosis ikhoza kuyendetsedwa kudzera mu kupezeka ndi ntchito za mapuloteni osiyanasiyana komanso zinthu zowonetsera. Njira zoyendetsera izi zimatsimikizira kukhazikika kokwanira pakutengera ndi kutulutsa kwamadzi ndi mamolekyu ndi selo.

Mapeto

Mwachidule, pinocytosis ndi njira yofunikira pakudyetsera ma cell, momwe maselo amamwa zinthu zamadzimadzi kapena tinthu tating'onoting'ono timene timakhala m'malo awo. Kupyolera mu kupangidwa kwa ma vesicles, selo limatha kutenga ndi kunyamula zinthu izi mu cytoplasm yake kuti ikapangidwe. Njira ya endocytosis iyi imapezeka m'maselo osiyanasiyana ndi minofu, imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri monga zakudya, chitetezo chamthupi komanso kuchotsa zinyalala. Ngakhale kuti pinocytosis imadzutsabe mafunso ndi zovuta zambiri pa kafukufuku wa sayansi, kuphunzira kwake kopitiriza kudzatithandiza kumvetsetsa bwino thupi la maselo ndikutsegula zitseko zatsopano pakupanga chithandizo chamankhwala ndi mankhwala. Chifukwa chake, kudya kwa ma cell kudzera pa pinocytosis kumawerengedwa ngati chinthu chofunikira kwambiri komanso chovuta kwambiri, chomwe chikupitilizabe kusangalatsa asayansi ndikutidabwitsa ndi magwiridwe antchito odabwitsa a moyo pamlingo wocheperako.