Vertebrate ndi invertebrate nyama ana

Chiyambi:

Nyama zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuphunzira ndi kukula kwa ana. Kuyambira ali aang'ono, ana amafufuza ndikupeza dziko lowazungulira, ndipo zinyama zam'mbuyo ndi zopanda msana zimakhala maphunziro ochititsa chidwi. Kumvetsetsa kusiyana pakati pa magulu osiyanasiyana a nyama amenewa sikumangolimbikitsa chidziwitso cha sayansi, komanso kumalimbikitsa chidwi ndi kulemekeza zamoyo. M'nkhaniyi, tifufuza mwatsatanetsatane mfundo za zinyama zam'mbuyo ndi zopanda msana komanso kufunika kwake pa maphunziro a ubwana.

1. Chiyambi cha zinyama zamsana ndi zopanda msana kwa ana

Nyama zimagawidwa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu: vertebrates ndi invertebrates. Zinyama za vertebrate ndi zomwe zili ndi msana, monga nsomba, mbalame, zoyamwitsa ndi zokwawa. Kumbali ina, nyama zopanda msana ndi zomwe zilibe msana, monga tizilombo, crustaceans, mollusks ndi nyongolotsi.

Nyama zamtundu wamtundu zimasinthika kwambiri kuposa za invertebrates, popeza mawonekedwe a thupi lawo ndi ovuta. Amakhala ndi mafupa amkati omwe amawalola kuti aziyenda bwino komanso mogwira mtima. Kuphatikiza apo, ambiri aiwo ali ndi ziwalo zapadera, monga mapapo, mtima ndi ubongo. Kumbali ina, nyama zopanda msana zimakhala ndi kamangidwe kosavuta ndipo zimadalira kwambiri malo awo kuti zikhale ndi moyo.

Ndikofunika kuti ana adziwe kusiyana pakati pa zinyama zam'mimba ndi zopanda msana, chifukwa zimawathandiza kumvetsetsa bwino chilengedwe chowazungulira. Kupyolera muzochitika zamaphunziro ndi masewera ochezera, amatha kuphunzira momwe angadziwire mtundu uliwonse wa nyama ndikupeza mawonekedwe ake apadera. Komanso, pomvetsetsa kufunikira kwa magulu a nyamawa m'chilengedwe, ana amakulitsa chidziwitso cha chilengedwe. Lowani nafe paulendo wosangalatsawu wofufuza ndikupeza nyama zamsana ndi zopanda msana!

2. Kodi nyama zokhala ndi vertebrate ndi chiyani?

Nyama zamtundu ndi zamoyo zomwe zili ndi mafupa amkati opangidwa ndi vertebrae. Mafupawa amapereka chithandizo ndi chitetezo ku minofu yofewa ndi ziwalo zamkati za nyama. Kuphatikiza apo, zinyama zam'mbuyo zimadziwika ndi kukhala ndi a dongosolo la mitsempha otukuka kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zamoyo zopanda msana.

Pakati pa magulu akuluakulu a nyama zam'mimba ndi nyama zoyamwitsa, mbalame, zokwawa, amphibians ndi nsomba. Lililonse la maguluwa lili ndi makhalidwe apadera omwe amawasiyanitsa wina ndi mzake. Mwachitsanzo, nyama zoyamwitsa zimasiyanitsidwa ndi nyama zamagazi ofunda zomwe zimayamwitsa ana awo, pamene zokwawa ndi nyama zozizira ndipo zimakhala ndi mamba pakhungu lawo.

Kuphunzira kwa zinyama zam'mbuyo ndikofunikira kuti timvetsetse mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zamoyo padziko lapansi. Ma Vertebrates amatengedwa kuti ndi zamoyo zomwe zidasinthika kwambiri komanso zovuta. del reino animal. Amatha kukhalamo mitundu yonse za chilengedwe, kuchokera kunyanja kupita ku nkhalango zowirira kwambiri, ndipo amatha kutengera nyengo zosiyanasiyana. Kusiyanasiyana kwawo komanso kusinthasintha kwawo kumapangitsa kuti nyama za msana zikhale gulu losangalatsa la asayansi ndi okonda zachilengedwe.

3. Makhalidwe akuluakulu a zinyama zam'mbuyo

Zinyama zamtundu ndi zomwe zimakhala ndi msana, zomwe zimawapatsa mphamvu ndi chithandizo chapangidwe. Mbali yofunikayi imathandiza kuti nyamazi zikhalebe ndi thupi lolimba komanso kuteteza ziwalo zofunika kwambiri zamkati. Chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino za nyama zam'mimba ndi chigoba chawo chamkati, chomwe chimaphatikizapo mafupa, cartilage, ndi minyewa yolumikizana.

Khalidwe linanso lalikulu la nyama zamsana ndi luso lawo loyenda. bwino ndi coordinated. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa minofu yopangidwa bwino ndi tendon komanso dongosolo lapakati lamanjenje lotukuka kwambiri. Kusintha kumeneku kumawathandiza kuti aziyenda mosiyanasiyana, kuyambira kuthamanga ndi kulumpha mpaka kusambira ndi kuwuluka.

Nyama zamtundu wa Vertebrate zimawonetsanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matupi awo komanso mawonekedwe awo. Zitha kukhala mbalame zing’onozing’ono, zosalimba, mpaka nyama zazikulu, zamphamvu za m’madzi. Kuphatikiza apo, zamoyo zam'mimba zimatha kukhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazakudya, monga herbivores, carnivores ndi omnivores. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana iyi komanso kusinthika kwawapanga kukhala gulu lopambana komanso losiyanasiyana la nyama padziko lapansi.

4. Kodi nyama zopanda mfupa ndi chiyani?

Nyama zopanda msana ndi zomwe zilibe msana ndipo zimapanga gulu losiyanasiyana komanso lochulukirapo pazinyama. Gululi limaphatikizapo zamoyo zosiyanasiyana, monga tizilombo, arachnids, crustaceans, mollusks ndi echinoderms, pakati pa ena.

Chikhalidwe chachikulu cha zinyama zopanda msana ndikusowa kwa mafupa omwe amapereka chithandizo. M’malo mwake, thupi lake likhoza kutetezedwa ndi chotchinga chakunja cholimba, monga chigoba cha tizilombo, kapena ndi minyewa yofewa, yosinthasintha. Ngakhale kuti alibe msana, ma invertebrates ambiri ali ndi zida zamkati zomwe zimapereka chithandizo ndikuwalola kuti azisuntha, monga mafupa a echinoderms kapena hydroskeletons of annelids.

Kusiyanasiyana kwa nyama zopanda msana ndizodabwitsa. Zina mwazo ndizosintha bwino ku chilengedwe chawo, monga tinyanga ta tizilombo tomwe timawalola kuzindikira fungo ndi phokoso, kapena mahema a cnidarians omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kudyetsa ndi kuteteza. Zamoyo zina zopanda msana, monga mollusks, zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana komanso machitidwe osiyanasiyana, kuchokera ku zipolopolo za akamba am'nyanja kupita kumatenda obweza a octopus. Kuchuluka kwa mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe awa kumapangitsa nyama zopanda msana kukhala gulu losangalatsa kuphunzira ndi kumvetsetsa.

Pomaliza, nyama zopanda msana ndi zomwe zilibe msana ndipo zimapanga mitundu yambiri ya nyama. Maonekedwe a thupi lawo amasiyana kwambiri, kuchokera ku zigoba zowateteza kupita ku matupi osinthasintha, ofewa. Kusintha ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a zamoyo zopanda msana zimawapangitsa kukhala gulu losangalatsa lofufuza ndikuphunzira zambiri za nyama. Kuphunzira kwa nyama zopanda msana ndikofunikira kuti timvetsetse kusiyanasiyana ndi zovuta zamoyo padziko lapansi.

5. Makhalidwe ndi magulu a nyama zopanda msana

Nyama zopanda msana ndi zomwe zilibe msana. Zinyamazi zimadziwika ndi kukhala ndi matupi osinthasintha ndipo, makamaka, ma exoskeleton akunja omwe amawateteza. Pali mitundu yambiri ya zinyama zopanda msana, zomwe zimakhala ndi makhalidwe osiyanasiyana komanso magulu.

Zamoyo zopanda msana zimatha kugawidwa m'magulu angapo. Mmodzi mwa magulu ofala kwambiri amadalira mtundu wa thupi lomwe ali nalo. Zamoyo zina zopanda msana, monga arthropods, zimakhala ndi matupi apakati komanso chophimba chakunja chotchedwa exoskeleton. Zamoyo zina zopanda msana, monga moluska, zimakhala ndi matupi ofewa ndipo zina zimakhala ndi chipolopolo choteteza.

Kuphatikiza pa kusanja kutengera mtundu wa thupi, nyama zopanda msana zimathanso kugawidwa kutengera komwe amakhala kapena momwe zimagwirira ntchito m'chilengedwe. Zamoyo zina zopanda msana, monga nyongolotsi, zimakhala m'nthaka ndipo zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuwola ndi kukonzanso zinthu zachilengedwe. Zamoyo zina zopanda msana, monga echinoderms, zimakhala pansi pa nyanja ndipo zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pazakudya zam'madzi.

6. Kusiyana pakati pa nyama zamsana ndi zopanda msana

• Nyama zimagawidwa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu: vertebrates ndi invertebrates. Onsewa ali ndi makhalidwe ofanana, komanso amasonyeza kusiyana kwakukulu.
• The Nyama zowonda Ndi iwo omwe ali ndi vertebral column kapena msana. Kapangidwe kameneka kamapereka chithandizo ndi chitetezo ku msana wa msana, womwe umakhala ndi udindo wotumiza mitsempha ku thupi lonse.
• Kumbali ina, Zinyama zopanda msana Alibe msana. M'malo mwake, ali ndi exoskeleton, monga tizilombo, kapena endoskeleton, ngati nyongolotsi. Zomangamangazi zimapereka chitetezo ndi kuumba thupi lawo.

• Kusiyana kwina kofunikira ndi kayendedwe ka magazi. Nyama zamtundu wa vertebrate zili ndi dongosolo lotsekeka la kuzungulira, ndi mtima womwe umapopa magazi kudzera m'mitsempha yamagazi. M'malo mwake, zamoyo zopanda msana zimatha kukhala ndi dongosolo lotseguka, momwe magazi amaponyedwa mwachindunji m'mitsempha ya thupi.
• Pankhani ya kuberekana, zamoyo zam'mimba zimatha kuberekana pogonana komanso mwachisawawa, pomwe zamoyo zambiri zopanda msana zimaberekana pogonana, ngakhale zimatha kuwonetsa kusiyanasiyana kwamayendedwe awo obereka.
• Kaya ndi zamsana kapena zopanda msana, nyama zonsezi zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pazachilengedwe. Kukhalapo kwawo komanso kusiyanasiyana kwawo kumathandizira kuti chilengedwe chisamayende bwino ndipo ndizofunikira pakugwira ntchito kwachilengedwe chapadziko lapansi komanso zam'madzi.

• Mwachidule, kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa zinyama zam'mimba ndi zam'mimba zimakhala pamaso pa vertebral column, mtundu wa skeleton, circulatory system ndi zoberekera. Ngakhale zamoyo zokhala ndi msana zimadziwika bwino chifukwa cha kupezeka kwawo padziko lapansi ndi m'madzi, zamoyo zopanda msana zimaziposa kuchulukana komanso kusiyanasiyana. Magulu onsewa amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'chilengedwe ndipo amafunikira chidwi ndi ulemu wathu.

7. Kufunika kwa nyama zamsana ndi zopanda msana m'chilengedwe

Zinyama zam'mimba komanso zopanda msana zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pazachilengedwe. Zamoyo zimenezi zimathandiza kwambiri kuti pakhale kukhazikika ndi kukhazikika kwa zamoyo zosiyanasiyana padziko lapansi.

Mfundo yoyamba yofunika kuiganizira ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imayimiridwa ndi zinyama zamsana ndi zamsana. Ma vertebrates, monga nyama zoyamwitsa, mbalame, zokwawa, amphibians ndi nsomba, ali ndi mafupa amkati omwe amapereka chithandizo ndi chitetezo. Kumbali ina, invertebrates, monga tizilombo, arachnids, mollusks ndi echinoderms, alibe dongosolo la fupa ndipo amadziwika ndi kukula kwake kwakukulu ndi maonekedwe. Kuphatikizika kwa magulu awiriwa ndikofunikira kuti musunge bwino chilengedwe.

Kuphatikiza pa kusiyanasiyana kwawo, nyama zokhala ndi vertebrate ndi invertebrate zili ndi maudindo osiyanasiyana pazachilengedwe. Ma Vertebrates amakhala ngati zilombo, zolusa komanso zomwaza mbewu, zomwe zimathandiza kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa mitundu ina ndikusunga chakudya. Kumbali yawo, zamoyo zopanda msana zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri monga zodulira mungu, zowola ndi zofewa, zomwe zimathandizira kuberekana kwa mbewu, kubwezeretsanso michere ndi kuyeretsa madzi.

Pomaliza, zimadalira kusiyana kwawo ndi maudindo omwe amasewera m'chilengedwe. Zamoyo zimenezi n’zofunika kwambiri kuti chilengedwe chizigwira ntchito bwino, chifukwa zimatenga nawo mbali pa zinthu zofunika kwambiri monga kasungidwe ka chakudya, kuberekana kwa zomera komanso kuyeretsa chilengedwe. Choncho, n’kofunika kwambiri kudziwitsa anthu za kasungidwe ka zinthu zamoyo zimenezi ndiponso kuteteza malo awo okhala kuti zisungidwe zamitundumitundu komanso kuti zamoyo zisamakhale bwino.

8. Kusintha kwa nyama zamsana ndi zopanda msana kuti zikhale ndi moyo

Nyama zamtundu ndi zopanda msana zapanga masinthidwe osiyanasiyana kuti zikhale ndi moyo m'malo awo. Zosinthazi zimawalola kukumana ndi zovuta monga kufunafuna chakudya, kuberekana, chitetezo kwa adani komanso nyengo yoyipa.

Chimodzi mwazofala kwambiri pazinyama zam'mimba ndi kukhalapo kwa zida zapadera zoyendera, monga miyendo ndi mapiko. Mapangidwe awa amawalola kuti asamuke njira yothandiza ndi kusintha kumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mtunda. Kuonjezera apo, zamoyo zina za msana zimatha kusintha kagayidwe kawo ka chakudya zomwe zimawathandiza kuti azigaya zakudya zinazake, monga mano apadera ogaya nyama a nyama zodya nyama.

Ponena za nyama zopanda msana, kusiyanasiyana kwawo ndi kochititsa chidwi ndipo kumabwera ndi kusintha kwakukulu komwe kumawalola kukhala ndi moyo. Zamoyo zina zopanda msana, monga tizilombo, zili ndi mapiko omwe amawalola kuuluka ndikufufuza malo osiyanasiyana pofunafuna chakudya ndi pogona. Zamoyo zina zopanda msana, monga ma cephalopods, zili ndi machitidwe apamwamba obisala kuti adziteteze ku adani. Kuphatikiza apo, nyama zambiri zopanda msana zili ndi mafupa akunja kapena ma exoskeletons omwe amapereka chitetezo ndi chithandizo.

Mwachidule, nyama zonse zam'mbuyo ndi zopanda msana zapanga masinthidwe enieni kuti zipulumuke kumalo awo. Zosinthazi zikuphatikizanso zida zapadera zosinthira, njira zosinthira zakudya, njira zodzitetezera, ndi makina obisala. Kusintha kumeneku ndikofunika kwambiri pakukhala ndi moyo ndi kupambana kwa zamoyo zosiyanasiyana m'malo awo achilengedwe. Kudziwa masinthidwe a nyama ndikofunikira kuti mumvetsetse bwino momwe zimakhalira komanso malo awo m'chilengedwe.

9. Zitsanzo zina za nyama za msana zomwe ana angapeze

- Ana nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi nyama, makamaka zomwe zili ndi vertebrates. Zinyama zamtundu ndi zomwe zimakhala ndi vertebral column kapena msana. Kenako, adzaperekedwa zitsanzo zina za nyama za msana zomwe ana angapeze m'malo awo.

- Zokwawa ndi gulu la nyama zokhala ndi vertebrate zomwe zimaphatikizapo njoka, abuluzi ndi akamba. Nyamazi, zomwe zimadziwika ndi khungu lawo louma komanso lotupa, nthawi zambiri zimakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana monga nkhalango, zipululu ngakhalenso m'madzi. Chitsanzo cha chokwawa chodziwika bwino ndi kamba, yemwe ali ndi chipolopolo chomwe chimachiteteza ku nyama zolusa.

- Gulu lina la nyama zamtchire ndi nsomba. Zamoyo za m’madzi zimenezi n’zosiyanasiyana kwambiri ndipo zimapezeka m’mitsinje, m’nyanja ndi m’nyanja zapadziko lonse lapansi. Nsomba zili ndi zipsepse zomwe zimawalola kuyenda m'madzi komanso zipsepse zopuma. pansi pa madzi. Chitsanzo cha nsomba yodziwika kwambiri ndi nsomba ya golide, yomwe nthawi zambiri imasungidwa m'madzi am'madzi ndi maiwe.

10. Kufufuza magulu osiyanasiyana a nyama zopanda mfupa

Nyama zopanda msana zimayimira mitundu yambiri ya nyama padziko lapansi. Ndiwo omwe alibe msana ndipo amagawidwa m'magulu osiyanasiyana, aliyense ali ndi makhalidwe apadera. Kufufuza ndi kumvetsetsa maguluwa ndikofunikira kuti timvetsetse zamoyo zosiyanasiyana komanso momwe chilengedwe chimagwirira ntchito. Kenako, tifotokoza mwatsatanetsatane magulu akuluakulu a nyama zopanda msana:

annelids

Annelids ndi gulu la invertebrates zomwe zikuphatikizapo mphutsi ndi leeches. Amadziwika ndi kukhala ndi thupi logawanika komanso chophimba chakunja chofewa komanso chosinthika chotchedwa cuticle. Nyama zimenezi n’zofunika kwambiri m’nthaka, chifukwa zimathandiza kuwola ndi kukulitsa chonde. Mitundu ina ya ma annelids imatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati mankhwala, chifukwa cha zinthu zawo za anticoagulant.

Zojambulajambula

Nyamakazi ndi gulu losiyanasiyana komanso lochuluka la nyama zopanda msana. Zimaphatikizapo tizilombo, arachnids, crustaceans ndi myriapods. Ali ndi exoskeleton yolimba yomwe imapereka chitetezo ndi chithandizo, komanso zowonjezera zomwe zimawalola kusuntha. Zinyamazi zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pazachilengedwe, chifukwa zimagwira ntchito yochotsa mungu, kuwononga tizirombo komanso kubwezeretsanso zinthu zachilengedwe. Kuphatikiza apo, nyama zambiri zotchedwa arthropods n'zofunika kwambiri pazachuma, monga tizilombo totulutsa mungu ndi nkhanu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zakudya.

11. Kuyang'ana kwa nyama zamsana ndi zopanda msana pa moyo watsiku ndi tsiku

Nyama zamtundu ndi zopanda msana zimakhalapo m'moyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Ngakhale kuti sitidziwa nthawi zonse za kupezeka kwawo, timacheza nawo nthawi ndi malo osiyanasiyana. Chitsanzo chofala ndi kukhalapo kwa tizilombo, monga ntchentche ndi udzudzu, zomwe zimapezeka m'dera lathu ndipo zingakhale zovuta. Kuphatikiza apo, titha kuwonanso zamoyo zam'mimba monga mbalame kapena ziweto zomwe zili gawo la moyo wathu.

M'miyoyo yathu yatsiku ndi tsiku, nyama zokhala ndi vertebrate ndi invertebrate zimathanso kukhala gwero la chakudya. Ambiri chakudya Zomwe timadya zimachokera ku nyama zakutchire, monga nkhuku, ng'ombe kapena nsomba. Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zomwe zimachokera ku nyama zopanda msana, monga uchi ndi caviar, zimadyedwanso ndi anthu ambiri padziko lonse lapansi.

Kumbali ina, zinyama zam'mbuyo ndi zopanda msana zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu zamankhwala ndi kafukufuku wa sayansi. M'zachipatala, zinyama zam'mbuyo ndi zopanda msana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zitsanzo zophunzirira kuti zimvetsetse matenda komanso kuyesa mphamvu ya mankhwala atsopano. Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku wa nyama zam'madzi zopanda msana, monga ma corals, ndi ofunikira pakufufuza pazamoyo zam'madzi komanso kuteteza zachilengedwe zam'madzi.

Mwachidule, nyama zokhala ndi vertebrate ndi zopanda msana zimakhalapo m'moyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku m'njira zosiyanasiyana, kaya ndi anzathu apakhomo, magwero a chakudya, kapena maphunziro a sayansi. Zindikirani kufunika kwake m'moyo wathu moyo watsiku ndi tsiku Zimatithandizira kuyamikira ndikumvetsetsa bwino ntchito yomwe amatenga m'dziko lathu lapansi.

12. Kodi nyama yaikulu kwambiri padziko lonse ndi iti? Nyama yamsana kapena yopanda msana

13. Kodi mumadziwa chiyani? Zokonda za vertebrate ndi nyama zopanda msana kwa ana

Nyama zimagawidwa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu: vertebrates ndi invertebrates. Ma vertebrates ndi omwe ali ndi msana ndipo amagawidwa m'magulu asanu: nsomba, amphibians, zokwawa, mbalame ndi zinyama. Kumbali ina, invertebrates ndi omwe alibe msana ndipo amaimira zoposa 95% ya mitundu yonse ya nyama zodziwika.

Pali mfundo zambiri zosangalatsa zokhudza magulu awiriwa a nyama zomwe zingakhale zochititsa chidwi kwa ana. Mwachitsanzo, kodi mumadziwa kuti zinyama zakale kwambiri ndizo ku kalasi za nsomba? Nsomba ndi nyama zam'madzi zomwe zimapuma kudzera m'matumbo ndipo zambiri zimakhala ndi mamba pakhungu kuti zidziteteze. Mitundu ina ya nsomba, monga shaki, imatengedwa ngati zilombo zazikulu m’nyanja.

Kumbali ina, zamoyo zopanda msana zili ndi makhalidwe odabwitsa. Mmodzi mwa agulugufe omwe amadziwika bwino kwambiri ndi agulugufe. Kodi mumadziwa kuti agulugufe amadutsa kusintha kotchedwa metamorphosis? Izi zikutanthauza kuti, m'miyezi yawo ya mphutsi, amadya masamba ndiyeno amatuluka ngati agulugufe akuluakulu. Komanso, agulugufe ena amatha kuyenda mtunda wautali pamene akusamuka!

Izi ndi zina mwa zinthu zomwe zingapangitse chidwi cha ana pa zinyama zamsana ndi zopanda msana. Kuphunzira zambiri za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zamoyo ndi mmene zimasinthira ku malo awo kungathandize ana kumvetsa bwino chilengedwe chowazungulira. Nthawi zonse kumbukirani kulimbikitsa chidwi ndi kulemekeza mitundu yonse ya moyo mwa ana. Simudziwa zatsopano komanso zosangalatsa zomwe mungapeze pamodzi!

14. Kutsiliza: Kusiyanasiyana kochititsa chidwi kwa nyama zamsana ndi zopanda msana za ana

Nyama zamtundu ndi zopanda msana ndizosangalatsa kwa ana, chifukwa zimayimira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyama. Ma vertebrates, monga nsomba, amphibians, zokwawa, mbalame ndi nyama zoyamwitsa, amadziwika ndi kukhala ndi msana wamsana kapena mawonekedwe ofanana. Kumbali ina, zamoyo zopanda msana, monga tizilombo, crustaceans, mollusks, ndi echinoderms, zilibe msana ndipo zimakhala ndi makhalidwe osiyanasiyana.

Nyama zamtundu wa vertebrate ndizozoloŵera kwambiri kwa ana, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi mitundu yambiri yomwe imapezeka mozungulira, monga agalu, amphaka, ndi mbalame. Nyama izi zimakhala ndi matupi ovuta kwambiri ndipo zimatha kukhala ndi luso lapadera, momwe mungaulukire kapena kusambira. Kuphatikiza apo, zamoyo zam'mimba zimakhala ndi machitidwe amkati opangidwa bwino, monga kupuma, kuzungulira ndi manjenje, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala osinthika kumadera osiyanasiyana.

Kumbali ina, nyama zopanda msana zimayimira mitundu yambiri ya nyama padziko lapansi. Amasiyana kwambiri mawonekedwe, kukula ndi malo okhala. Tizilombo, mwachitsanzo, ndi gulu lalikulu kwambiri la zamoyo zopanda msana ndipo zimapezeka m'makontinenti onse. Kusinthasintha kwawo komanso kuthekera kwawo kuberekana mwachangu kumawapangitsa kukhala gawo lofunikira kwambiri pazachilengedwe. Zamoyo zina zopanda msana, monga moluska, zimakhala ndi nkhono, octopus ndi sikwidi, zomwe zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana komanso luso.

Mwachidule, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinyama zam'mimba ndi zam'mimba ndizosangalatsa kwa ana, popeza gulu lirilonse liri ndi makhalidwe apadera ndipo limagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'chilengedwe. Ma vertebrates ndi ovuta kwambiri pakupanga ndi kugwira ntchito, pamene zamoyo zopanda msana zimakhala zosiyana kwambiri ndipo zimapezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana. Kuphunzira za magulu osiyanasiyana a nyama zimenezi kumathandiza ana kuyamikira kulemera ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zamoyo Padziko Lapansi.

Mwachidule, nyama zokhala ndi vertebrate ndi invertebrates ndizofunikira kwambiri pazinyama ndipo zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe omwe amawasiyanitsa wina ndi mnzake. Ma Vertebrates ali ndi mzere wa msana womwe umawapatsa chithandizo chokhazikika ndipo amawalola kuti aziyenda komanso zovuta mu thupi lawo. Panthawiyi, zamoyo zopanda msana zilibe msana ndipo zimagwirizana ndi malo osiyanasiyana posintha machitidwe osiyanasiyana ndi zomangamanga.

Kwa ana, kuphunzira za nyama zokhala ndi vertebrate ndi zopanda msana kumakhala kosangalatsa, kuwapatsa mwayi wofufuza ndikumvetsetsa zamoyo wamitundumitundu. Kumvetsetsa kumeneku kudzawathandiza kuzindikira kufunikira kwa gulu lirilonse ndi momwe akukhudzira chilengedwe chawo.

Ndikofunikira kuwunikira kuti kafukufuku wa zinyama zam'mbuyo ndi zopanda msana sizongosangalatsa, komanso zimakhudza kwambiri magawo monga biology, ecology ndi kasamalidwe ka nyama. Mwa kuzoloŵerana ndi mfundo zimenezi kuyambira ali aang’ono, ana angayambe kuyamikira kwambiri chilengedwe chowazungulira.

Pamapeto pake, maphunziro okhudzana ndi zinyama zam'mbuyo ndi zopanda msana ndizofunikira kulimbikitsa kuteteza ndi kulemekeza zamoyo zonse padziko lapansi. Kupatsa ana maziko olimba a chidziŵitso m’nkhani imeneyi kudzawathandiza kumvetsetsa phindu la mtengo wapatali la zamoyo zosiyanasiyana ndi kuwalimbikitsa kusamalira ndi kuteteza chilengedwe chathu chamtengo wapatali kaamba ka mibadwo yamtsogolo.