Chophimba chakuda mutalowetsa mawu achinsinsi mu Windows: chifukwa chake zimachitika ndi momwe mungakonzere popanda kuwongolera

Onetsani PC yanu kuti iwonetse chophimba chakuda mutalemba mawu achinsinsi pa Windows Ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe zingawononge m'mawa wanu. Kompyuta imawoneka ngati ikuyaka, mukumva fan, mumawona ngakhale sikirini yolowera… koma mukangolowa, chilichonse chimada, nthawi zina ndi cholozera cha mbewa ndi zina zochepa. Musadandaule, ndi vuto lofala kwambiri mu Windows 10 ndi Windows 11, ndipo pokhapokha ngati pali kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwakuthupi, nthawi zambiri limatha kukonzedwa kunyumba.

Kulephera kumeneku kungakhale chifukwa cha Zolakwika za mapulogalamu, madalaivala olakwika a zithunzi, mautumiki omwe amalephera poyambira, pulogalamu yaumbanda, zosintha zoikamo mu registry, kapena mavuto a hardware monga mawaya olakwika. Mu bukhuli mupeza chidule chathunthu cha zifukwa zonse zofala komanso njira zabwino zokonzera: kuyambira njira zazifupi za kiyibodi mpaka njira zodziwira matenda zapamwamba ndi zida monga SFC, DISM, System Restore, kapena ngakhale zida za Microsoft monga ProcDump ndi Process Monitor.

Zifukwa zofala zomwe zimapangitsa kuti sikirini yakuda iwonekere mukayika mawu achinsinsi mu Windows

Musanayambe kuchita zinthu mosasamala, ndi bwino kumveketsa bwino nkhaniyi. Kodi n’chiyani chingakupangitseni kuti muwone sikirini yakuda mukangolemba mawu achinsinsi anu?Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zimabwerezedwa mobwerezabwereza.

Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri ndi Dalaivala wowonetsa (GPU) wowonongeka, wakale, kapena wosagwirizanaNgati dalaivala wanu wa khadi la zithunzi (wolumikizidwa kapena wodzipereka) walephera pamene Windows ikutsegula kompyuta, dongosololi lidzakhalabe logwira ntchito, koma silingathe kujambula mawonekedwe pazenera.

Ndizachilendo kwambiri kuti vutoli lichokere ku mapulogalamu kapena ntchito zomwe zimayamba zokha mukalowa mu WindowsPulogalamu yosapangidwa bwino, antivayirasi ya chipani chachitatu yotsutsana, pulogalamu yokonza zinthu mwachangu, kapena pulogalamu yobwezeretsa deta ikhoza kutsekedwa pamene ikutsegula mbiriyo ndikuletsa Explorer.exe kapena dongosolo lenilenilo.

Sitingathe kuiwala zolakwika mu mbiri ya wogwiritsa ntchito kapena mu Windows yokhaMafayilo a dongosolo osokonekera, makiyi osinthidwa a registry, kapena zosintha zosagwira ntchito zingalepheretse kompyuta kutsegula bwino.

Pomaliza, pali zifukwa zenizeni: Zingwe zamavidiyo zotayirira kapena zowonongeka, ma monitor okhala ndi zolowetsa zolakwika, makadi ojambula zithunzi olakwika, ma module a RAM osakhazikika, kapena ma hard drive owonongekaMuzochitika izi, ngakhale mapulogalamu onse atakhala angwiro, chizindikiro sichifika pazenera kapena chipangizocho chimakhala chosakhazikika chikangoyamba kugwira ntchito.

Chongani ngati ndi vuto la sikirini, vuto la chizindikiro, kapena vuto la Windows palokha

Gawo loyamba ndikudziwa ngati cholakwikacho chili mu Windows kapena mu dongosolo lokha. kanema wotulutsaMwanjira imeneyi mumapewa mavuto osafunikira ndi makonda pamene vuto ndi, kwenikweni, chingwe chosasunthika.

Yambani poyesa Njira zazifupi za kiyibodi kuti muwone ngati dongosolo likugwira ntchito.

• Kanikizani Ctrl + Alt + ChotsaniNgati muwona sikirini yabuluu yokhala ndi zosankha monga Lock, Switch user, kapena Task Manager, zikutanthauza kuti Windows ikugwirabe ntchito ndipo makinawo akuyankha, kotero vuto lili pa desktop, Explorer.exe, kapena madalaivala. Kuchokera pa sikirini imeneyo, yesani kutsegula Task Manager. Ngati itsegulidwa (ngakhale mutaonabe sikirini yakuda, nthawi zina zenera limakhala "kumbuyo"), chimenecho ndi chizindikiro chabwino kwambiri: mutha kuyesa kuyambitsanso Windows Explorer ndi njira zina zazikulu popanda kuyambitsanso kompyuta yanu.
• Kanikizani Mawindo + Ctrl + Shift + BLamuloli limakakamiza kuyambitsanso dalaivala wa zithunzi popanda kuyambitsanso dongosolo lonse. Nthawi zambiri limatsagana ndi beep yaying'ono kapena chinsalu chozimitsira; ngati desktop ibwerera pambuyo pake, vuto linali ndi dalaivala wa GPU.

Ngati chilichonse chili chakuda, ndi nthawi yoti muchotse zolakwika pa kulumikizana. Onetsetsani kuti Zingwe za kanema (HDMI, DisplayPort, DVI, VGA) zalumikizidwa bwino Yesani PC ndi monitor. Tulutsani pulagi ndikuyiyikanso, yeretsani pang'onopang'ono madoko a fumbi, ndipo ngati n'kotheka, yesani chingwe china chogwira ntchito.

Gawo lina losavuta ndikusintha chophimba: Yesani PC ndi chowunikira china kapena TV.Ngati ikugwira ntchito pa sikirini ina, ndiye kuti vuto limakhala ndi chowunikira chanu choyambirira (zoikamo zolakwika, kusasinthika kosagwirizana, kapena kulephera kwa thupi).

Masitepe Oyamba Mwachangu: Njira Zachidule za Kiyibodi ndi Kuyambitsanso Kokakamizidwa

Musanalowe muzinthu zina zaukadaulo, ndikofunikira kuyesa zingapo. Machenjerero achangu omwe, ngati muli ndi mwayi, angakupulumutseni m'mavuto mumphindi zochepa.

• Yesani gawo lotseka ndi kutsegula ndi Mawindo + LNgati kompyuta inali itazizira pang'ono kapena ili mu mkhalidwe wachilendo wa hibernation, nthawi zina kungobwerera ku chinsalu chotseka ndikulowanso mkati kumathandizira kuti desktop iyambe kugwira ntchito bwino.
• Ngati chophimba chakuda chikuwonekera mutadzuka kuchokera ku tulo, yesani kudina Malo oimikapo zinthu kapena LowaniAwa ndi makiyi omwe nthawi zambiri amayatsanso sikirini pamene dongosolo lili mu sleep mode. Sizachilendo kusokoneza njira yosungira mphamvu ndi kuyimitsa dongosolo, makamaka pa ma laputopu.
• Iye akugwiritsanso ntchito Ctrl + Alt + ChotsaniNgati mungathe kuwona chophimba cha zosankha, dinani chizindikiro cha mphamvu chomwe chili pansi kumanja ndikusankha YambitsaninsoNthawi zina, pambuyo pa kusintha kapena kulephera kwina, kuyambitsanso koyera ndikokwanira.
• Ngati palibe chilichonse mwa zimenezo chomwe chikuyankha, gwirani batani la mphamvu la PC pakati pa Masekondi 10 ndi 15 Kuti mutseke kwathunthu, dikirani masekondi angapo ndikuyatsanso. "Kutseka kolimba" kumeneku kumatha kuthetsa kuwonongeka kwakanthawi kwa hardware kapena firmware.

Yambani mu safe mode kuti mupeze vuto

Ngati chophimba chakuda chikuwonekera nthawi iliyonse mukayesa kulowa nthawi zonse, ndi bwino kuyesa Windows safe modeMunjira iyi, dongosolo limayamba ndi owongolera ndi ntchito zochepa zofunika.

Kuti mupeze njira yotetezeka pamene simungathe kuwona kompyuta yanu bwino, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mwayi uwu Kukonza Windows yokhaZimitsani kompyuta pogwira batani loyatsa, liyatseni, ndipo Windows ikangoyamba kutsegula, izimitseninso. Bwerezani izi kangapo mpaka dongosolo litazindikira vuto la boot ndikuwonetsa sikirini. Kukonza zokha.

Pa chinsalu chimenecho, sankhani Zosankha zapamwamba kenako pitani ku Kuthetsa Mavuto > Zosankha Zapamwamba > Zokonda ZoyambiraDinani pa Yambitsaninso Ndipo mndandanda wa zosankha ukawonekera, sankhani njira yoti Njira yotetezeka yokhala ndi netiweki (nthawi zambiri ndi kiyi ya 5).

Ngati Windows iyamba bwino mu Safe Mode, izi zimatsimikizira kuti Vuto lili mu dalaivala kapena pulogalamu ina yomwe imangodzaza mu mode yachibadwa.monga dalaivala wa GPU, mapulogalamu oyambira, mapulogalamu achitetezo a chipani chachitatu, ndi zina zotero.

Mukalowa mu safe mode mungathe chotsani mapulogalamu okayikitsa (makamaka omwe amayamba kugwira ntchito akangoyamba kumene), yeretsani pulogalamu yaumbanda ndi Windows Defender, zimitsani ntchito, kapena onani zomwe zasintha posachedwa pa dongosolo.

Yambitsaninso pamanja kapena yambitsani Explorer.exe

Chimodzi mwa zochitika zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri ndi cha chophimba chakuda chokhala ndi cholozera cha mbewa chokha chomwe chikuwonekaNthawi zambiri, zikutanthauza kuti Explorer.exe sinayambe kapena yagwa pamene ikutsegulachifukwa njira imeneyi ndiyo imakoka desktop, taskbar, ndi file explorer.

Kanikizani Ctrl + Shift + Esc kutsegula mwachindunji Woyang'anira NtchitoNgakhale mutaona sikirini yakuda, manejala nthawi zambiri amatsegula. Ngati sichikuwoneka, yesani kaye izi. Ctrl + Alt + Chotsani ndipo sankhani Task Manager kuchokera pamenepo.

Mu Task Manager, ngati muwona zenera laling'ono lokha, dinani Zambiri Kuti muwone njira zonse, yang'anani mu tabu. Njira kapena mu tabu Tsatanetsatane cholowera chotchedwa Windows Explorer o explorer.exe.

Ngati ili pamndandanda, sankhani ndikudina batani. YambitsaninsoNgati palibe batani, mutha kudina kumanja pa ndondomekoyi ndikusankha Malizitsani ntchito kenako yambani yatsopano.

Kuti muyambitsenso wofufuza, pitani ku Fayilo > Yambitsani ntchito yatsopano, amalemba explorer.exe ndikudina Enter. Ngati vuto linali kungokhala kwakanthawi kochepa, Kompyuta iyenera kuwonekera nthawi yomweyoNgati yasowanso kapena yalephera kuonekera, mwina pali china chake chomwe chawonongeka kwambiri.

Konzani mafayilo amachitidwe ndi SFC ndi DISM

Ngati mukukayikira kuti dongosololi lawononga mafayilo (monga, pambuyo pa kuzima kwa magetsi, kusinthidwa kwadzidzidzi, kapena pulogalamu yaumbanda), ndi bwino kuyendetsa Zida zokonzera mawindo SFC ndi DISM.

Kuchokera kwa Task Manager mwiniwake, mu Fayilo > Yambitsani ntchito yatsopano, amalemba cmd ndipo chongani bokosi la Pangani ntchitoyi ndi ufulu woyang'aniraDinani Enter kuti mutsegule zenera la console lomwe lili ndi ufulu woyang'anira.

Muwindo limenelo tsatirani lamuloli:

sfc /scannow

Chowunika Mafayilo a System chidzasanthula zigawo zonse zofunika za Windows ndi Idzasintha yokha chilichonse chomwe chawonongeka kapena chomwe chasowa.Zingatenge nthawi; lolani kuti zithe kwathunthu.

Mukamaliza, tikukulimbikitsani kuti muwonjezere kukonza ndi DISM, yomwe imayang'ana ndikubwezeretsa chithunzi cha Windows. Yendetsani lamulo lotsatirali mu console yomweyo:

DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth

Njirayi imatenganso nthawi, koma imakhala yothandiza kwambiri ngati gwero la vutoli ndi zigawo za dongosolo zawonongeka mozamaMukamaliza, yambitsaninso PC yanu ndikuwona ngati desktop tsopano ikudzaza bwino.

Chongani makiyi a Shell ndi Winlogon mu Registry

Ngati ngakhale kutsegula Explorer.exe pamanja sikubwezeretsa kompyuta yanu, kasinthidwe kake kadzakhala Chipolopolo chosasinthika mu Windows Registry chasinthidwaMapulogalamu ena, pulogalamu yaumbanda, kapena makonda "apamwamba" amasintha kiyi iyi ndikupangitsa kuti dongosolo liyambe ndi chipolopolo cholakwika.

Tsegulani Mkonzi wa Registry kuchokera kwa Task Manager, mu Fayilo > Yambitsani ntchito yatsopanokulemba regedit ndi kuyika chizindikiro pa bokosi kuti litsegule ndi maufulu oyang'anira.

Pitani ku njira yotsatira:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon

Pagawo lakumanja, pezani mtengo wake Chipolopolo ndipo dinani kawiri pa iyo. Onetsetsani kuti mu Zambiri zamtengo wapatali zikuwoneka ndendende explorer.exeNgati mundawo mulibe kanthu kapena pulogalamu ina yachilendo yawonekera, isintheni kukhala explorer.exe.

Ngati muwona pulogalamu ina yokayikitsa yoyeserera, ndibwino kutero fufuzani dzina lawo pa intaneti ndikuyesa kusanthula ma virus.Izi zitha kukhala pulogalamu yaumbanda yomwe yalowa m'malo mwa chipolopolo cha Windows. Ngati zili choncho, gwiritsani ntchito Windows Defender kapena njira yodalirika yotetezera kuti muyeretse dongosolo lanu.

Tengani mwayi uwu kuti muwunikensonso Zilolezo za kiyi ya Winlogon (Dinani kumanja > Zilolezo) ndipo yerekezerani, ngati n'kotheka, ndi kompyuta ina yabwino kapena ndi zikalata zovomerezeka za Microsoft. Zilolezo zolakwika zingalepheretse Windows kutsegula njira zolowera molondola.

Clean boot: kupeza mapulogalamu ovuta a chipani chachitatu

Ngati chilichonse chikuyenda bwino mu safe mode, koma chophimba chakuda chikuwonekera mutalowetsa mawu achinsinsi panthawi yoyambira yachizolowezi, chifukwa chachikulu ndi pulogalamu kapena ntchito ina ya chipani chachitatu yomwe imayamba ndi Windows ndikutseka dongosolo.

Kuti muzindikire, mutha kuchita kuyamba koyeraKuchokera mu safe mode kapena kuchokera ku gawo logwira ntchito, tsegulani msconfig (Kapangidwe ka dongosolo) polemba lamulo limenelo mu Run (Windows + R).

Pa tabu Ntchito, chongani bokosi Bisani ntchito zonse za Microsoft kenako dinani Letsani zonseIzi zidzasiya ntchito za dongosolo zokha zikugwira ntchito ndikuletsa ntchito za chipani chachitatu.

Kenako, pa tabu Yambani, pitilizani Tsegulani Ntchito Yoyang'aniraKuchokera pamenepo, imaletsa zonse zinthu zoyambira mwa kudina kumanja pa chilichonse ndikusankha Letsani.

Yambitsaninso kompyuta yanu nthawi zonse. Ngati tsopano mutha kulowa popanda kuwona sikirini yakuda, mukudziwa kuti vuto linali ndi... ntchito iliyonse kapena pulogalamu yomwe imayamba yokhaTiyenera kuyambitsanso zinthu pang'onopang'ono (gawo loyamba, kenako kuzichepetsa) mpaka titapeza wolakwayo.

Sinthani, bwezeretsani, kapena khazikitsaninso madalaivala azithunzi

Khadi la zithunzi ndi chinthu china chomwe chikukayikiridwa kwambiri. Dalaivala wa kanema wowonongeka kapena wakale angakusiyeni ndi chophimba chakuda pomwe Windows ikusintha kuchokera pazenera lolowera kupita ku desktop.

Mu njira yotetezeka (kapena ngati mwakwanitsa kulowa mwanjira ina), dinani batani la Start ndikutsegula Pulogalamu yoyang'anira zidaWonjezerani gawolo Ma adaputala owonetsera ndipo pezani GPU yanu (monga, NVIDIA GeForce, AMD Radeon, kapena Intel UHD).

Dinani kawiri pa chipangizocho kuti mutsegule Katundu ndipo pitani ku tabu WowongoleraNgati mwasintha dalaivala posachedwapa ndipo mavuto adayamba pambuyo pake, yesani njira iyi Bwererani ku dalaivala wakaleTsimikizani ndikulola Windows kuti ibwezeretse mtundu wakale.

Ngati simungathe kubweza, kapena palibe mtundu wakale, yesani chotsani dalaivalaKuchokera pawindo lomwelo la katundu, dinani Chotsani chipangizochoMukhozanso kusankha njira yochotsera pulogalamu ya dalaivala ngati mukufuna kuyambira pachiyambi.

Mukachotsa, yambitsaninso kompyuta yanu. Windows idzayesa kutsegula dalaivala wamba, yomwe iyenera kukulolani kuti mulowe mu kompyuta. Kuchokera pamenepo mudzatha Ikani mtundu waposachedwa wa dalaivala mwa kutsitsa mwachindunji patsamba la wopanga (NVIDIA, AMD kapena Intel) kapena, ngati mukufuna, pogwiritsa ntchito Windows Update.

Mu machitidwe omwe kukhazikika ndikofunikira kwambiri kuposa magwiridwe antchito, si lingaliro loipa. pewani mitundu ya beta ya madalaivala ndipo tsatirani madalaivala ovomerezeka a WHQL kapena omwe akulangizidwa ndi wopanga zida (OEM).

Kuzindikira kwapamwamba ndi zochitika, zotayira, ndi zida za Sysinternals

Ngati vutoli likupitirira ndipo silingapezeke pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoyambira, munthu akhoza kupita patsogolo ndikugwiritsa ntchito zida zapamwamba zowunikira monga Event Viewer, Windows Error Reporting, ProcDump, kapena Process Monitor (ProcMon).

Poyambira bwino ndikuwona ngati njirazo zikugwira ntchito explorer.exe ndi userinit.exe zikugwira ntchito kapena zikulephera. Pamene chophimba chakuda chikuwonekera. Kuchokera ku Task Manager, pa tabu TsatanetsataneYang'anani njira zonse ziwiri. Ngati zikuwoneka kuti zikugwira ntchito, koma sikirini ndi yakuda, ndi bwino kujambula chithunzi. chotsa njira kuti ndizifufuze.

Kuti muchite izi, mungagwiritse ntchito ProcDumpntchito yaulere ya Microsoft SysinternalsTsitsani ndikutulutsa mu chikwatu chosavuta, mwachitsanzo C:\Tools\Kenako tsegulani cholumikizira cha woyang'anira, pitani ku chikwatu chimenecho ndikuyendetsa:

procdump -ma explorer.exe explorer.dmp
procdump -ma userinit.exe userinit.dmp

Mafayilo a .dmp awa akhoza kusanthulidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida monga WinDbg kapena kutumizidwa ku chithandizo chaukadaulo kuti akafufuzidwenso. N’chifukwa chiyani zinthu zikuletsedwa kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika?.

Ngati mukuganiza kuti njira zikutha mwadzidzidzi kapena sizikugwira ntchito, Wowonera Zochitika Idzakupatsani malangizo. Tsegulani eventvwr.msc ndikupita ku Zolemba za Windows > NtchitoSakani zochitika ndi Chizindikiro cha Chochitika 1000 yogwirizana ndi explorer.exe kapena userinit.exe panthawi yomwe chophimba chakuda chimawonekera.

Kuti mujambule zokha zotayira pamene pulogalamu yagwa, mutha kuyatsa Malipoti a Zolakwika za Windows (WER)Mu Registry Editor, pitani ku:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\Windows Error Reporting

Pangani (ngati palibe) ndikusintha mfundo izi:

• Chiwerengero cha Dump (REG_DWORD) = 10
• Mtundu Wotayira (REG_DWORD) = 2
• Chikwatu Chotayira (REG_EXPAND_SZ) = C:\dumps

Pambuyo poyambitsanso ndikubwerezanso vutoli, zotsatirazi zidzapangidwa: zotsalira za mapulogalamu omwe amasiya kuyankha mu chikwatu chomwe chatchulidwa. Apanso, mutha kuzisanthula kapena kuzigawana ndi katswiri waluso.

Ngati vuto ndi lakuti explorer.exe kapena userinit.exe atuluka ndi khodi yolakwika kupatula zero, Process Monitor (ProcMon) ikulolani kuti muchotse. lembani zonse zomwe machitidwe amenewo amachita kuyambira pachiyambiMukhoza kukonza boot log, kuyambiranso, kubwerezanso kulephera, kenako kusefa log kuti mupeze zolemba zokhudzana ndi njira zimenezo ndi ma code awo otuluka.

Yang'anani BIOS/UEFI, dongosolo la boot ndi hardware

Ngati pulogalamuyo ikuwoneka kuti ikugwira ntchito bwino, muyenera kuyang'ana mmwamba ndikuyang'ana zida ndi kasinthidwe kotsika (BIOS kapena UEFI). Firmware yakale kapena yosasinthika bwino ingayambitse kusakhazikika mukangolowa muakaunti yanu.

Zimitsani kompyuta, itseguleni, ndipo dinani batani mobwerezabwereza kuti mulowe mu BIOS/UEFI (nthawi zambiri F2, Delete, Esc, kapena F10, kutengera wopanga). Mu menyu, yang'anani njira ngati Tsekani zosintha o Zosintha zokhazikika kubwezeretsa miyezo yokhazikika yomwe ikulangizidwa.

Tengani mwayi uwu kuti muwunikenso boot patsogoloOnetsetsani kuti hard drive kapena SSD komwe Windows yayikidwa yakonzedwa ngati chipangizo choyamba choyambira ndipo osati, mwachitsanzo, USB drive yopanda kanthu kapena drive yakale.

Mu makina omwe ali ndi vuto la kutentha kapena magetsi, ndi bwino kuyang'ananso Kutentha kwa CPU ndi ma voltage oyambira kuchokera ku BIOS. Kuchulukitsa mphamvu, ma voltage osasinthidwa bwino, kapena kuzizira koyipa kungayambitse ngozi pamene makina ayamba kugwira ntchito molimbika akangoyamba kugwira ntchito.

Ngati mukukayikira RAM kapena khadi la zithunzi, mutha kuyesa Yambani ndi zida zochepa zomwe zingatheke: gawo limodzi la RAM, palibe makadi owonjezera a mawu, palibe zida zina za PCIe… Ngati sikirini yakuda yatha ndi kasinthidwe kochepa aka, yambitsaninso zigawo chimodzi ndi chimodzi mpaka mutazindikira chomwe chikuyambitsa.

Musaiwale kuyang'ana thandizo kuchokera kwa wopanga kompyuta yanu kapena bolodi la amayiMakampani ambiri opanga zinthu zamagetsi amapereka zosintha za BIOS, firmware ya chipset, ndi madalaivala ovomerezeka makamaka a mtundu wanu, omwe amakonza zolakwika zokhudzana ndi kasamalidwe ka mphamvu, GPU yolumikizidwa, kapena kuyambitsa chipangizo.

Ngakhale kuti chophimba chakuda nthawi yomweyo mutalemba mawu achinsinsi mu Windows chingaoneke ngati tsoka lalikulu, kwenikweni nthawi zambiri chimakhala chifukwa cha Madalaivala azithunzi otsutsana, mapulogalamu oyambira ovuta, zolakwika mu Explorer.exe, kapena mafayilo amakina owonongekaZonsezi zitha kuzindikirika ndikukonzedwa mwa kuleza mtima pogwiritsa ntchito zida zomwe dongosololi limapereka: njira zazifupi za kiyibodi, Safe Mode, SFC ndi DISM, System Restore, Winlogon registry tweaks, clean boot, cable and monitor checks, ndipo, pamapeto pake, kuyang'ana BIOS ndi hardware. Kusunga ma backups atsopano komanso kusunga ma driver ndi zosintha kumachepetsa kwambiri mwayi wokhala wotanganidwa kuyang'ananso pazenera lakuda, ndikudabwa kuti chavuta ndi chiyani.