Momwe mungakhalire SSH pa Ubuntu

En este post vamos a explicar momwe mungakhalire SSH pa Ubuntu. Kufunika kwa protocol iyi yodziwika bwino yapaintaneti kumakhala kuti imapereka kulumikizana kotetezeka pakati pa kasitomala ndi seva. Kuphatikiza apo, kulumikizana konse kumasungidwa, zomwe ndizofunikira kuti tipewe kuba kwa data ndi mitundu ina yakuukira.

Seva ya SSH sibwera ku Ubuntu de forma predeterminada, koma ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri amasankha kukhazikitsa ndikuyambitsa okha. Tisanafotokoze masitepe oti titsatire pakuyika, tiyeni tifotokoze mwachidule zomwe zili. SSH.

¿Qué es SSH?

SSH (Chipolopolo Chotetezeka) ndi Cryptographic network protocol zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhazikitsa maulalo otetezedwa ku seva pamaneti osatetezeka, monga intaneti. Ndilo yankho lomwe limalola kupeza kutali kwa mzere wolamula ndi kuphedwa kwake, komanso kusamutsa mafayilo pakati pa zida mosamala, chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito kubisa.

Protocol ya SSH, yomwe idabwera m'malo mwa ena osatetezeka kwambiri monga rlogin o rsh, Lili ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu zitatu:

• SSH Client: Mapulogalamu omwe timayendetsa pa chipangizo chathu chapafupi kuti tilumikizane ndi seva yakutali.
• Seva ya SSH: Pulogalamu ya seva yakutali.
• Madoko- Port 22 nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazolumikizira izi.

Chipolopolo Chotetezeka ntchito kutsimikizira pogwiritsa ntchito mawu achinsinsi kapena makiyi a cryptographic kotero kuti ogwiritsa ntchito ovomerezeka okha ndi omwe angathe kupeza seva yakutali. Komanso, Magalimoto onse pakati pa kasitomala ndi seva amasungidwa ndi kutetezedwa. Protocol imakupatsaninso mwayi wopanga ma tunnel otetezeka kuti mulumikizidwe kumadoko kapena ntchito zina.

Zopinga zomwe zovuta zake zitha kubweretsa kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ena zatha, ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito SSH ndi wochuluka. Zina mwazogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndizoyang'anira kutali kwa ma seva a Linux / Unix, kusamutsa mafayilo otetezedwa kapena chitukuko chakutali.

Ikani SSH mu Ubuntu pang'onopang'ono

Tiyeni tiwone m'munsimu zomwe muyenera kutsatira kukhazikitsa SSH ku Ubuntu (makamaka, Ikani SSH pa Ubuntu 22.04). Kuti tiyambe ndondomekoyi, ndikofunikira lowani ngati root user kapena wogwiritsa ntchito sudo mwayi kuti apereke malamulo omwe ali pansipa.

Kusintha phukusi phukusi

Monga nthawi zonse muyenera kuchita musanayike pulogalamu iliyonse, chinthu choyamba ndi onetsetsani kuti phukusi lonse ladongosolo likusinthidwa molondolas. Kuti titsimikizire mfundoyi, timatsegula terminal ndikuchita lamulo ili:

kusintha kwa sudo apt && kukweza kwa sudo apt

Ikani SSH pa Ubuntu

TsegulaniSSH ndi seti ya mapulogalamu omwe, kudzera mu protocol ya SSH, amatilola Amalola kulumikizana kwachinsinsi pamaneti. Popeza OpenSSH sinayikidwe kale pamakina, monga tafotokozera kale, iyenera kukhazikitsidwa pamanja. Kuti tichite izi, timalowetsa lamulo ili mu terminal:

sudo apt install openssh-server

Kuyikako kungatenge mphindi zingapo kuti kumalize. Panthawi yonseyi, tiyenera kuyankha "Inde" ku mafunso onse omwe dongosolo limatifunsa mpaka kukhazikitsidwa komaliza kwa zigawo zonse zofunika.

openssh-server Gawoli limalola kompyuta yathu kuyankha pempho lililonse lobwera kuchokera ku makina ena akutali.

Chongani SSH Server Status

Kukhazikitsa kukamaliza, tiyenera kuonetsetsa kuti ntchito ya SSH ikugwira ntchito. Kwa iwo tidzagwiritsa ntchito lamulo ili:

sudo systemctl status ssh

Ngati SSH mu Ubuntu ikugwira ntchito momwe iyenera kukhalira, chithunzi chofanana ndi chomwe chawonetsedwa pamwambapa chidzawonekera pazenera, ndi nthano. Kuthamanga: kuthamanga. Kupanda kutero, ndiye kuti, ngati seva ikadali yosagwira ntchito, titha kuyiyambitsa pamanja kudzera mu lamulo ili:

sudo systemctl start ssh

Lumikizani ku seva ya SSH

Tsopano popeza seva ya SSH yayamba kugwira ntchito, mutha khazikitsani kulumikizana kuchokera ku chipangizo china pogwiritsa ntchito kasitomala wa SSH. Kuti tichite izi tiyenera kutsegula terminal ina ndikulowetsa lamulo ili:

ssh wosuta@server_ip

Mwachiwonekere, gawo la lamulo pambuyo pa chizindikiro cha "@" liyenera kutsatiridwa ndi adilesi ya IP ya seva yomwe imagwirizana muzochitika zilizonse.

Zosintha zina zowonjezera

Kuphatikiza pa masitepe omwe tafotokoza m'gawo lapitalo kukhazikitsa SSH ku Ubuntu, pali malamulo ena omwe titha kugwiritsa ntchito. kupanga protocol ndikuchisintha bwino ku zokonda zathu ndi zosowa zathu.

Mwachitsanzo, kuti musinthe doko lolumikizira, gwiritsani ntchito kutsimikizira kwachinsinsi, kuletsa kulowa mawu achinsinsi kapena mbali ina iliyonse, tidzagwiritsa ntchito lamulo ili:

sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config

Kenako, zosintha zikasinthidwa, ndikofunikira kuyambitsanso ntchito:

sudo systemctl restart ssh

Pomaliza, ngati pazifukwa zilizonse sitikufunanso kupitiliza kugwiritsa ntchito protocol iyi, titha kuyimitsa ndipo ngakhale kuyimitsa con los siguientes comandos:

sudo systemctl kuyimitsa ssh

sudo systemctl zimitsani ssh

Mapeto

Tsopano popeza tadziwa kukhazikitsa SSH ku Ubuntu, zitheka kuchita ntchito zowongolera kudzera pa terminal. Tithanso kukonza kutsimikizika kutengera protocol ya SSH iyi kuti titha kulowa mudongosolo popanda kulowa mawu achinsinsi.